1. The Country & People Of Mauritania The Country People of mauritania. One page of comprehensive and categorised listing of sites in and about mauritania. Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries. mauritania, officially Islamic Republic of Wolof are official languages. history. Settled by Berbers in the 1st millennium http://www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Mauritania and Mauritania related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Mauritania, History Used by permission of Columbia University Press. About.... General information, cities, towns, municipalities, places, flag, maps, useful Information.... Business Economy, reports, statistics, banks, directories, jobs, investment, promotion.... Culture General resources, heritage, art, literature, photography, cinema, music, song, dance, cultural, scientific, Education Schools, colleges, academies, universities, polytechnics, institutions, research, resources, projects.... History Media Newspapers, magazines, news, newsletters, news agencies, radio, TV, internet, articles, reports, cartoons.... Organizations Government, ministries, overseas missions, embassies, corporations, organizations, industrial entities, centers, public hospitals, institutions, societies, foreign entities.... Travel travel tips, weather....

2. Mauritania Historical Setting - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natura mauritania s postindependence history has been dominated by regionalpolitics (see fig. 1). Morocco and Algeria, vying for regional http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/mauritania/mauritania_history_historical_setting

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Mauritania Historical Setting http://workmall.com/wfb2001/mauritania/mauritania_history_historical_setting.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Architectural detail of an old mosque at Tîchît THE SAHARA HAS LINKED rather than divided the peoples who inhabit it and has served as an avenue for migration and conquest. Mauritania, lying next to the Atlantic coast at the western edge of the desert, received and assimilated into its complex society many waves of these migrants and conquerors. Berbers moved south to Mauritania beginning in the third century A.D., followed by Arabs in the eighth century, subjugating and assimilating Mauritania's original inhabitants. From the eighth through the fifteenth century, black kingdoms of the western Sudan, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, brought their political culture from the south. The divisive tendencies of the various groups within Mauritanian society have always worked against the development of Mauritanian unity. Both the Sanhadja Confederation, at its height from the eighth to the tenth century, and the Almoravid Empire, from the eleventh to the twelfth century, were weakened by internecine warfare, and both succumbed to further invasions from the Ghana Empire and the Almohad Empire, respectively. The one external influence that tended to unify the country was Islam. The Islamization of Mauritania was a gradual process that spanned more than 500 years. Beginning slowly through contacts with Berber and Arab merchants engaged in the important caravan trades and rapidly advancing through the Almoravid conquests, Islamization did not take firm hold until the arrival of Yemeni Arabs in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and was not complete until several centuries later. Gradual Islamization was accompanied by a process of arabization as well, during which the Berber masters of Mauritania lost power and became vassals of their Arab conquerors.

3. MapZones.com History mauritania s postindependence history has been dominated by regionalpolitics. Morocco and Algeria, vying for regional dominance http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/mauritania/historyindex.php

Country Info Mauritania Introduction Mauritania General Data Mauritania Maps Mauritania Culture ... Mauritania Time and Date Mauritania History Back to Top The Sahara has linked rather than divided the peoples who inhabit it and has served as an avenue for migration and conquest. Mauritania, lying next to the Atlantic coast at the western edge of the desert, received and assimilated into its complex society many waves of these migrants and conquerors. Berbers moved south to Mauritania beginning in the third century A.D., followed by Arabs in the eighth century, subjugating and assimilating Mauritania's original inhabitants. From the eighth through the fifteenth century, black kingdoms of the western Sudan, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, brought their political culture from the south. The divisive tendencies of the various groups within Mauritanian society have always worked against the development of Mauritanian unity. Both the Sanhadja Confederation, at its height from the eighth to the tenth century, and the Almoravid Empire, from the eleventh to the twelfth century, were weakened by internecine warfare, and both succumbed to further invasions from the Ghana Empire and the Almohad Empire, respectively. The one external influence that tended to unify the country was Islam. The Islamization of Mauritania was a gradual process that spanned more than 500 years. Beginning slowly through contacts with Berber and Arab merchants engaged in the important caravan trades and rapidly advancing through the Almoravid conquests, Islamization did not take firm hold until the arrival of Yemeni Arabs in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and was not complete until several centuries later. Gradual Islamization was accompanied by a process of arabization as well, during which the Berber masters of Mauritania lost power and became vassals of their Arab conquerors.

4. Regional Genealogy And Local History Research regional Genealogy and Local history research resources, providing a specialized family history roots gateway for international ancestry research. regional GENEALOGY LOCAL history RESEARCH. Genealogy and Family history Internet Web Directory Lebanon, Libya, mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~vctinney/geneal.htm

LOCAL HISTORY RESEARCH Genealogy and Family History Internet Web Directory Search This Site Regional - World Wide Regional - Continental Sources ... What's New in Genealogy and Family History Resources? REGIONAL - WORLD WIDE FARM ORIGINS: The basic ancestry and historical setting of most of mankind, in all nations and among all peoples since Adam and Eve, have been involved in farming. Agricultural History Almanac.com - The Old Farmer's Almanac Family Life Library: Multigenerational family farming resources Farm and Agriculture and Agriscape History of American Agriculture 1776-1997 Farmers and the Land Farmhouses in the Heartland ... Handbooks for Foreign Genealogical Research and Country Studies and Area Handbooks Online. HISPANIC: Iberia, the Caribbean and Latin America - Portals Finding Your Hispanic Roots HispanicOnline.com Hispanic Reading Room - Library of Congress and Resources Index to the Enciclopedia Heráldica Hispano-Americana H-LatAm International Forum of Latin American History Ibero-American Center: Internet services for Latin America ... Internet Resources For Latin America and Latin American Network Information Center and Organizations History in Latin America Ring of Hispanic Genealogy (elanillo.com)

5. Mauritania Africa Regional English 1007029394365 a=KCountryProfile aid=1030578266285 regional Africa mauritania. Noteson geography ( FOC Country Profile mauritania ) history, politics, economy http://www.interactiva.org/Dir/I/English/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

www.interactiva.org English Deutsch Espa±ol ... Mauritania Mauritania Business and Economy Education Government Guides and Directories ... lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mrtoc.html Regional Africa Mauritania. Country Study from the Library of Congress FOC Country Profile - Mauritania Regional Africa Mauritania. Notes on geography ( FOC Country Profile - Mauritania ) history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Mauritania Country Information www.arab.de/arabinfo/maurita.htm Regional Africa Mauritania. Arab World - Location ( Mauritania Country Information ) Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History BBC Country Profile - Mauritania news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/791083.stm Regional Africa Mauritania. Key facts ( BBC Country Profile - Mauritania ) figures and dates, media links. CIA Factbook - Mauritania www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mr.html Regional Africa Mauritania. Features map and brief descriptions of geography ( CIA Factbook - Mauritania ) economy, government, and people. www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html

6. Marweb, Search Engine: Regional_countries/Mauritania mauritania government economy exterior trade geography islam capital city mauritanian population history culture embassies hotels cultural exchange. German Arabic French. Top regional countries mauritania Page 4 mauritania form 1982 to 1997new. mauritania historynew From prehistory to independence. http://www.marweb.net/Regional_countries/Mauritania/page4.htm

Morocco and Maghreb Search Engine and Directory Directory Search Engine Yellow pages Classified ads News and reviews ... Mauritania : Page 4 Top Regional countries Mauritania : Page 4 Categories Cities Web Sites Mauritania 99 new - Mauritania 99 a scout project in Mauritania. Mauritania and israel decide to open embassies new - Mauritania and israel have decided to open diplomatic representations in their respective capitals. Mauritania by the Arab World institute in Paris new - Geography, history, economy and education. Mauritania conflicts new - Wars and conflicts in Mauritania borders. Mauritania Council new - Legal and tax advice. Mauritania files new - Archive and national libraries directory, parliamentary libraries and intraining national centers. Mauritania form 1982 to 1997 new Mauritania History new - From prehistory to independence. Mauritania in 1999 new Mauritania Page new - Country, culture, and economy links from the University of Pennsylvania African Studies Department. Mauritania Photos new - A finished installation with the tank...... Mauritania Radio new - Welcome to free Radio of Mauritania [... ] the Non-violent fight for human rights defense in Mauritania [... ] Forecasts Mauritania weather: Nouakchott.

7. Mauritania History Over a period of 600 years, the southern part of mauritania belonged to the kingdomsof In 1985 and 1986, elections were held on the local and regional level. http://www.nationbynation.com/Mauritania/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... MAURITANIA This African country can be divided along population lines between north and south: the north is Arab and Berber and the south are black African peoples. Over a period of 600 years, the southern part of Mauritania belonged to the kingdoms of Ghana, then Mali, and finally Sanghay. In the early 1400s the Portuguese arrived to trade. Their dominance in the area was unchallenged for the next one hundred years when the British, French, and Dutch each contested Portuguese control. The French made the region a protectorate in 1903 and a colony in 1920, granting self-government in 1958. Independence followed in 1960. In 1978, the government was overturned in a military coup but in 1984, this government was also ousted in a military coup led by the Chief of Staff. In 1985 and 1986, elections were held on the local and regional level. By 1991, a new constitution had been approved and multiparty elections held. Elections were also held in 1992 and 1997. Border clashes with Senegal as well as racial and religious conflicts have made it a difficult challenge to grow the economy.

8. Dominion Web Directory : Regional : Africa : Mauritania Web directory for sites containing websites about mauritania Top regional Africa mauritania mauritania. Categories Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. http://www.dominion-web.com/directory/Top/Regional/Africa/Mauritania

Search the Directory search the entire directory search this category only advanced Top Regional Africa ... Mauritania Mauritania Categories: Business and Economy Education Government Guides and Directories ... Weather This category in other languages: French German Greek Japanese ... Spanish Sites: BBC Country Profile - Mauritania Key facts, figures and dates, media links. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/791083.stm CIA Factbook - Mauritania Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mr.html FOC Country Profile - Mauritania Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Mauritania Country Study from the Library of Congress http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mrtoc.html Mauritania Country Information Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/maurita.htm One page of background information and links. http://www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html This category needs an editor Last Updated: 2004-04-21 17:46:49 Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.

9. World History Compass, African History Links to African history sites. a number of museums in Kenya including Nairobi Museum as well as other regional museums. From European discovery in 1500. mauritania. ArabNet mauritania, history. Morocco http://www.worldhistorycompass.com/africa.htm

World History Compass Home Page New Links About WHC Support WHC Main Index General and International History Ancient Egypt Ancient, General ... Museums Search WHC Africa Algeria ArabNet Algeria, History Djibouti ArabNet Djibouti, History Egypt ArabNet Egypt, History General African Art: Aesthetics and Meaning An electronic exhibition catalog. Bayly Art Museum, University of Virginia. African Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania. Art and Oracle: A Scholarly Resource of African Art and Rituals of Divination Explore African art and the rituals of divination exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Included are links to exhibit descriptions, a map of sub-Saharan Africa, and essays on divination. Creation of the OAU A detailed version about the creation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) that is solely based on the accounts of the former Ethiopian Foreign Minister, the late Ketema Yifru, who was once described by the international media as being closer than any other to the creation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Includes biographies and pictures of the OAU's founding fathers. Also includes a biography of Ketema Yifru and pictures of his former colleagues. Northwestern University Library - Africana Collection Founded in 1954 to support the research and curricular programs of the Northwestern University Program of African Studies, the Herskovits Library is today the largest separate library for the study of Africa in existence.

10. Mauritania Political Disintegration - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, http//workmall.com/wfb2001/mauritania/mauritania_history_political_disintegration.html BACKTO history CONTENTS siege not only for its regional policies but http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/mauritania/mauritania_history_political_disinteg

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Mauritania Political Disintegration http://workmall.com/wfb2001/mauritania/mauritania_history_political_disintegration.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS By 1984 the Haidalla regime was under siege not only for its regional policies but also for corruption and mismanagement, especially within the SEMs, which were viewed by the population as vehicles for advancing the president's own interests. Furthermore, upheavals in the military compromised the loyalty of key officers, particularly at a time when the army was being asked to perform the impossible task of protecting Mauritania's vast northern regions from Morocco's attacks across the border. A severe drought compounded the regime's difficulties, forcing much of the population into the country's few urban areas and increasing Mauritania's dependence on foreign economic aid (see Balance of Payments, Debt, and Foreign Assistance , ch. 3). In the third ministerial purge in six months, Haidalla named himself prime minister in March 1984 and took over the defense portfolio. Taya, who had held both positions, was demoted to chief of staff of the armed forces. The move infuriated Taya's allies on the CMSN. As chairman of the CMSN, Haidalla was supposed to represent a collective body. Instead, he attempted to amass considerable personal power and alienated many in the top echelons of government. On December 12, 1984, while Haidalla was out of the country, Taya, in a quiet and bloodless coup d'état, became Mauritania's president, a position he continued to hold in late 1987.

11. Wuup.de - /Regional/Africa/Mauritania Top/Society/Government/Multilateral/regional/African Union/Member States. FOC CountryProfile mauritania - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy http://wuup.de/index.php/Regional/Africa/Mauritania

12. TRAVEL.com ® ... Regional:Africa:Mauritania Top regional Africa mauritania Arab World Location, Population, Religion,Language - Facts and history. The Country People of mauritania - hejleh.com http://www.travel.com/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

Welcome to... Travel.com: The company that created travel on the Internet [1992]. Flights Hotels Condos Cars ... Web Directories Search Directory Languages: Deutsch Español Français Italiano ... More... (~70 Languages) Our International Sites .au English AUD .ca English CAD .de Deutsch EUR .fr Français EUR .it Italiano EUR .mx Español USD .nl Nederland EUR .nz English NZD .sg English USD .uk English GBP .us English USD Top Regional Africa Mauritania Business and Economy Education Government Guides and Directories ... Weather Results 1 - 6 of at least 6 BBC Country Profile - Mauritania news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/count... Key facts, figures and dates, media links. CIA Factbook - Mauritania odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos... Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. FOC Country Profile - Mauritania fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenM... Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Mauritania lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mrtoc.html Country Study from the Library of Congress. Mauritania Country Information arab.de/arabinfo/maurita.htm

13. Regional Africa Mauritania Ultraspider.com Top regional Africa mauritania FOC Country Profile mauritania - Notes ongeography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel http://www.ultraspider.com/dmoz/index.php/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

Search: search the entire directory search this category only Top Regional Africa Mauritania ... Weather This category in other languages: French German Greek Japanese ... BBC Country Profile - Mauritania - Key facts, figures and dates, media links. CIA Factbook - Mauritania - Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. - One page of background information and links. FOC Country Profile - Mauritania - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Mauritania - Country Study from the Library of Congress Mauritania Country Information - Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Mauritania Country ... Mauritania Travel var f = ""; f = escape(document.referrer); document.writeln("")

14. Regional Africa Mauritania Location, Population, Religion, Language Facts and history. www.peacecorps.gov/countries/mauritania/;United Nations Integrated regional Informatio http://world.ammissione.it/browse_/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

15. SLCentral Directory - Regional - Africa - Mauritania SLCentral Directory regional - Africa - mauritania. FOC Country Profile - mauritania- Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international http://www.slcentral.com/directory/index.php/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

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16. Lukol Directory - Regional Africa Mauritania FOC Country Profile mauritania Notes on geography, history, politics, economy andTeens / News / Recreation / Reference / regional / Science / Shopping http://www.lukol.com/Top/Regional/Africa/Mauritania/

Lukol Directory - Regional Africa Mauritania ... CIA Factbook - Mauritania Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/g... BBC Country Profile - Mauritania Key facts, figures and dates, media links. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/co... One page of background information and links. http://www.hejleh.com/countries/mauritania.html Mauritania Country Information Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/maurita.htm Mauritania Country Study from the Library of Congress http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mrtoc.html FOC Country Profile - Mauritania Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=Op... Sub-Topics: Business and Economy (5) Education (2) Government (4) Guides and Directories (5) ... Today's Jokes and Funny Pictures Search biggest search engines with one click: AOL Teoma Ask LookSmart ... DMOZ In partnership with FreakingNews.com

17. ODP: Regional:Africa:Mauritania Top regional Africa mauritania , FreeGK.com mauritania Includingmap and overview of history, culture, economy and currency. http://beta.thesoftwarestudio.com/Regional,Africa,Mauritania.html

This software available soon at The Software Studio Thu June 10, 2004 Top Regional Africa Mauritania ... BBC Country Profile - Mauritania - Key facts, figures and dates, media links. CIA Factbook - Mauritania - Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. FOC Country Profile - Mauritania - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Mauritania - Country Study from the Library of Congress Mauritania Country Information - Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History - One page of background information and links. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Looking for Adult Content?

18. Fablis Directory For /Regional/Africa/Mauritania Top/Society/Government/Multilateral/regional/African Union/Member States. FOC CountryProfile mauritania - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy http://directory.fablis.com/guide/Regional/Africa/Mauritania

Web Directory Quick Search Fablis Regional Africa Mauritania Mauritania Click here to list your site Business and Economy Education Government ... Weather See also: Top/Society/Government/Multilateral/Regional/African Union/Member States BBC Country Profile - Mauritania - Key facts, figures and dates, media links. CIA Factbook - Mauritania - Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. FOC Country Profile - Mauritania - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. Mauritania - Country Study from the Library of Congress Mauritania Country Information - Arab World - Location, Population, Religion, Language - Facts and History - One page of background information and links. This category needs an editor Last Updated: 2003-11-14 03:33:45 Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor The content of this directory is based on the Open Directory and may have been modified by Fablis Web Directory Link to us!

19. Mauritania (12/03) history From the 3rd to 7th centuries, the Politics in mauritania have always beenheavily influenced by Interior controls a system of regional governors and http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5467.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of African Affairs December 2003 Background Note: Mauritania PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Geography Area: 1,030,070 sq. km. (419,212 sq. mi.); slightly larger than Texas and New Mexico combined. Cities (2001): Capital Nouakchott (pop. 612,000). Other cities Nouadhibou (76,000), Selibaby (107,000), Kaedi (91,000), Kiffa (77,000), Rosso (63,000), Zouerate (36,000). Terrain: Northern four-fifths barren desert; southern 20% mainly Sahelian with smallscale irrigated and rain-fed agriculture in the Senegal River basin. Climate: Predominantly hot and dry. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Mauritanian(s). Population (2003): 2.9 million. Annual growth rate: 2.91%. Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber (White Moor or Beydane), Arab-Berber-Negroid (Black Moor or Haratine), Haalpulaar, Soninke, Wolof. Religion: Islam. Languages: Arabic (official), Hassaniya, French, Pulaar, Wolof, and Soninke. Education: Years compulsory six. Attendance student population enrolled in primary school 89%. Adult literacy 42%. Health:

20. Morocco: History Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. history, was in the south of today s mauritania,in Koumbi and universities, introduction of regional government, actions http://i-cias.com/e.o/morocco_5.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Morocco: History CONTENT INTRODUCTION Political situation Economy History Morocco is consistently used to denote the region in which the following events take place. Morocco is however a modern name of the region. Around 15,000 BCE: Paleolithic settlements in the area of today's Morocco. Around 3000 BCE: Simple pastoral and agricultural settlements, which were heavily reduced with the starting growth of Sahara Around 1100 BCE: Establishment of trading posts by the Phoenicians . These functioned separately from the communities in the interior of the country. Around 200 BCE: Despite the demise of the Phoenician empire, the coastal trading posts get increased growth, due to the influx of refugees from Carthage Around 0: Establishment of a Berber kingdom centered to northwestern Morocco. 42 CE: The Roman empire imposes direct rule over the Moroccan coastal region. Morocco becomes part of the province called Mauretania Tingitana. The Roman presence is met with hard resistance from the local rulers, resulting in numerous wars. Withdrawal of Roman forces from most Moroccan settlements.

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