81. Biographies - U To Ulyanova America again as governor of Huancavelica in Peru and the general manager of A learnedmathematician, he could solve the most difficult problems in geometry. http://www.philately.com/philately/biouaul.htm

U Aung San ( -1947) Burmese patriot, general - Burma 85-9; 195; 227-8 U Thant ( - ) Burmese statesman. Secretary General of the United Nations. Born January 22, 1909 in Pantanaw, Burma, he was the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 1962-72. He focused on problems of the third world. He died November 25, 1974 in New York, New York. - Anguilla ANG1995.3; Ghana GHA1995G06.11; Sierra Leone SIE1995G10.2 UBALDO GOMEZ, Manuel ( -1941) Dominican lawyer, author, politician - Dominican Republic 882 UBICO y CASTANEDA, Jorge (1878-1946) Guatemalan president, general - Guatemala 272; 290-1; C98; CO6 UCHIMURA, Kanzo (1861-1931) Japanese author, journalist - Japan 493 UDDIN, Jasim (20th Cent.) Bengali poet, educator - Bangladesh 156 UDET, Ernst (1896-1941) German aviator, general - Guinea-Bissau 379 UDVARDY, Miklos ( - ) - Hungary HUN1998J06.1 UGARTE, Alfonso ( - ) - Peru 692 UGYEN WANGCHUK ( -1902) King of Bhutan - Bhutan 4 UGOLINO of Segni see GREGORY IX - UGLOVSKY, Anatoli ( - ) Soviet hero - Russia 3169 UHER, Milos (1914-1945) Slovak smith, patriot - Czechoslovakia 1926

82. Benjamin Banneker: Mathematician, Astronomer Benjamin Banneker. Born November 9, 1731. Died October 9, 1806. Birthplace Baltimore County, Maryland. Benjamin Banneker mathematician, Astronomer. Benjamin Banneker, the son of Robert and Mary http://www.princeton.edu/~mcbrown/display/banneker.html

Benjamin Banneker Born: November 9, 1731 Died: October 9, 1806 Birthplace: Baltimore County, Maryland Benjamin Banneker: Mathematician, Astronomer Benjamin Banneker, the son of Robert and Mary Bannaky was born in 1731. His grandfather was a slave from Africa and his grandmother, an indentured servant from England. His grandfather was known as Banna Ka, then later as Bannaky, his grandmother as Molly Walsh. His grandmother was a maid in England who had been sent to Maryland as an indentured servant. When she finished her seven years of bondage, she bought a farm along with two slaves to help her take care of it. Walsh freed both slaves and married one, Bannaky. They had several children, among them a daughter named Mary. When Mary Bannaky grew up, she bought a slave named Robert, married him and had several children, including Benjamin. Benjamin Banneker grew up on the family farm. Around town it was known as "Bannaky Springs" due to the fresh water springs on the land. Bannaky used ditches and little dams to control the water from the springs for irrigation. His work was so reliable that the Bannaky's crops flourished even in dry spells. The family of free blacks raised good tobacco crops all the time. Molly, Banneker's grandmother, taught him and his brothers to read, using her Bible as a lesson book. There was no school in the valley for the boys to attend. Then one summer, a Quaker school teacher came to live in the valley. He set up a school for boys. Benjamin Bannaky attended this school. The schoolmaster changed the spelling of his name to Banneker. At school he learned to write and do simple arithmetic.

83. Hilbert The great importance of definite problems for the progress of mathematicalscience in general is undeniable. for as long http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hilbert.html

David Hilbert Born: Died: Click the picture above to see eight larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index David Hilbert attended the gymnasium Lindemann for his doctorate which he received in 1885 for a thesis entitled One of Hilbert's friends there was Minkowski In 1884 Hurwitz In 1892 Schwarz Weierstrass 's chair and Klein Klein failed to persuade his colleagues and Heinrich Weber was appointed to the chair. Klein Fuchs Minkowski Hilbert's first work was on invariant theory and, in 1888, he proved his famous Basis Theorem. Twenty years earlier Gordan had proved the finite basis theorem for binary forms using a highly computational approach. Attempts to generalise Gordan 's work to systems with more than two variables failed since the computational difficulties were too great. Hilbert himself tried at first to follow Gordan 's approach but soon realised that a new line of attack was necessary. He discovered a completely new approach which proved the finite basis theorem for any number of variables but in an entirely abstract way. Although he proved that a finite basis existed his methods did not construct such a basis. Hilbert submitted a paper proving the finite basis theorem to Mathematische Annalen.

84. Noether_Emmy basic result in the general theory of relativity was praised by Einstein in a letterto Hilbert when he referred to Noether s penetrating mathematical thinking http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Noether_Emmy.html

Emmy Amalie Noether Born: 23 March 1882 in Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany Died: 14 April 1935 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA Click the picture above to see nine larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Emmy Noether 's father Max Noether was a distinguished mathematician and a professor at Erlangen. Her mother was Ida Kaufmann, from a wealthy Cologne family. Both Emmy's parents were of Jewish origin and Emmy was the eldest of their four children, the three younger children being boys. Hilbert Klein and Minkowski In 1904 Noether was permitted to matriculate at Erlangen and in 1907 was granted a doctorate after working under Paul Gordan Hilbert 's basis theorem of 1888 had given an existence result for finiteness of invariants in n variables. Gordan , however, took a constructive approach and looked at constructive methods to arrive at the same results. Noether's doctoral thesis followed this constructive approach of Gordan and listed systems of 331 covariant forms. Having completed her doctorate the normal progression to an academic post would have been the habilitation . However this route was not open to women so Noether remained at Erlangen, helping her father who, particularly because of his own disabilities, was grateful for his daughter's help. Noether also worked on her own research, in particular she was influenced by

85. MSU Libraries Subject Guide No.44-- Famous Mathematicians individual biographies. Journal Articles and Electronic Databases. Some of the moregeneral electronic databases can be used to find articles on mathematicians. http://www.lib.msu.edu/pubs/subject/su44.htm

FAMOUS MATHEMATICIANS MSU Libraries Subject Guide Series No. 44 Information on famous mathematicians and their contributions to mathematics can be found both in the Mathematics Library, located in D101 Wells Hall, and in the Main Library. Some of the better sources in the Mathematics Library have been placed on Math Library Reference in order to make them available to all. These sources can be checked out for two hours or photocopied. Some of the these reference books, particularly those on the history of mathematics, may be temporarily located in Math Library Reserve. Check MAGIC, the MSU Libraries online catalog, for the current location. The Biographical Dictionary of Mathematicians, located in Math Library Reference (QA 28 .B534 1991), may be especially useful both for its extensive coverage of selected mathematicians and for the topical essays on mathematics in early civilizations, e.g. Mesopotamia. Keep in mind that the spelling or names of early mathematicians may vary. For example, the Arab mathematician, Al-Khowarizmi, can also be found under Al-Khwarizmi, or Al-jabr, or Mohammed; his name may be indexed under A, K, or M. Leonardo of Pisa is also known as Fibonacci. Books To locate books on famous mathematicians, use MAGIC. You can start with a keyword or subject search of the mathematician's name.

86. Newton, Isaac (1642-1727) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography to more general ones till the argument end in the most general. Turnbull, H. W. TheMathematical Discoveries of Newton R. S. Never at Rest A Biography of Isaac http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Newton.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Branch of Science Physicists ... English Newton, Isaac (1642-1727) English physicist and mathematician who was born into a poor farming family. Luckily for humanity, Newton was not a good farmer, and was sent to Cambridge to study to become a preacher. At Cambridge, Newton studied mathematics, being especially strongly influenced by Euclid , although he was also influenced by Baconian and Cartesian philosophies. Newton was forced to leave Cambridge when it was closed because of the plague, and it was during this period that he made some of his most significant discoveries. With the reticence he was to show later in life, Newton did not, however, publish his results. Newton suffered a mental breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering through 1679. In response to a letter from Hooke , he suggested that a particle, if released, would spiral in to the center of the Earth Hooke wrote back, claiming that the path would not be a spiral, but an ellipse Newton, who hated being bested, then proceeded to work out the mathematics of orbits. Again, he did not publish his calculations. Newton then began devoting his efforts to theological speculation and put the calculations on elliptical motion aside, telling Halley he had lost them (Westfall 1993, p. 403).

87. Famous Mathematicians Research Project Check in Biography Section (92) for information on individual mathematicians. LearningResearch Hub provides access to a wide variety of general and subject http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/wjhs/mediactr/mathpathfinder/fammath/

WJHS Media Center Pathfinder for Principles of Geometry and Algebra Research Project on: Famous Mathematicians Maria Gaetana Agnesi Archimedes Assignment Searching the Shelves Learning Research Hub ... Internet Sites Assignment Objective: To research a notable mathematician and discover his/her contributions to modern mathematics. Requirements: W rite a 2-3 page report (excluding title page and bibliography)on a famous mathematician. Title Page must include the following elements: Name of mathematician Picture of mathematician (if available) Dates of birth and death of mathematician Your name, period and class (e.g. Joe Smith, Algebra 2, 2nd Period) Date paper is to be turned in. Report must include the following information: Dates of birth and death of mathematician Places of birth and death Additional biographical information (education, famous teachers, etc.) Most significant contribution(s) to the field of mathematics Relevance of contribution(s) to mathematics today.

88. Gauss, Carl Friedrich his reputation as one of the greatest mathematicians of all was concerned with topicsnow falling under the general heading of See biography by T. Hall (tr. http://www.infoplease.com/ce5/CE020286.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Gauss, Carl Friedrich E Pronunciation Key Gauss, Carl Friedrich , born Johann Friederich Carl Gauss, number theory ; his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (completed in 1798 but not published until 1801) is one of the masterpieces of mathematical literature. Gauss was extremely careful and rigorous in all his work, insisting on a complete proof of any result before he would publish it. As a consequence, he made many discoveries that were not credited to him and had to be remade by others later; for example, he anticipated Bolyai and Lobachevsky in non-Euclidean geometry, Jacobi in the double periodicity of elliptic functions, Cauchy in the theory of functions of a complex variable, and Hamilton in quaternions. However, his published works were enough to establish his reputation as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Gauss early discovered the law of quadratic reciprocity and, independently of Legendre, the method of least squares. He showed that a regular polygon of n sides can be constructed using only compass and straight edge only if n is of the form 2 p q r +1) . . . , where 2

89. Autolycus, Greek Astronomer And Mathematician Business Wire). Scientific Measurements Major Mathematicians (The New Jacobi, KarlGustav Jacob (18041851) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography). http://www.infoplease.com/ce5/CE003752.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Autolycus u s] Pronunciation Key Autolycus , fl. 4th cent. B.C. , astronomer and mathematician of Pitane in Aeolis. Of his two extant works, that on the revolving sphere is said to be the oldest completely preserved Greek treatise on a mathematical subject. The other deals with the apparent rising and setting of the fixed stars. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, autoimmune disease Autolycus, in Greek mythology Related content from HighBeam Research on: Greek astronomer and mathematician Autolycus Hipparchus (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography) Astronomy: Major Astronomers and Space Scientists (The New York Public Library Science Desk Reference) Ask Us. (National Geographic) Look! High in tonight's sky: Howling good eclipse of moon (The Atlanta Constitution) Stolen relic found on sale list at auction.(News)

90. Math History Time 4 class periods. Procedure 1. Students (in groups of 4) searchfor and locate resources on a chosen famous mathematician. http://www.monroe.k12.la.us/mcs/hot_list/professional/mcs_lp/math_history.html

Date: December 1998 Name of Lesson: A Fun Way to Learn Math History! Teacher's Name: Vivian Green Parish: Monroe City Schools School: Wossman High Email Address: vgreen@monroe.k12.la.us Subject Area: Math Level: 9th Grade Purpose: To learn about famous mathematicians and their contributions to mathematics Materials: Computer, Internet access Time: 4 class periods Procedure: 1. Students (in groups of 4) search for and locate resources on a chosen famous mathematician. Enough information needs to be gathered to learn about the mathematician's life and his/her contributions to the field of mathematics. 2. Students will present the life story of the mathematician in skit, rap, song, or any other creative method. 3. Student(s) will present a 3-5 minute lesson on some aspect of the mathematics discovered by the mathematician. Explorations and Extensions: 1. Invite a Human Resource specialist to speak to the class on career opportunities for mathematicians. 2. Declare it Math Week at the school and share some of the presentations with the student body over the PA system each morning. Sites Related to these topics: Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fibonacci.html

91. Kenneth Arrow, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia Of Economics: Library Of Econ Using new mathematical techniques, Arrow and Debreu showed that one of the conditionsfor general equilibrium is that there must be futures markets for all http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Arrow.html

Search Site Search Card Catalog Search a Book Home ... and Help Biography of Kenneth Arrow (1921- ) American economist Kenneth Arrow is probably known best for his Ph.D. dissertation (on which his book Social Choice and Individual Values was based). In it Arrow proved his famous "impossibility theorem." He showed that under certain assumptions about people's preferences between options, it is always impossible to find a voting rule under which one option emerges as the most preferred. The simplest example is Condorcet's paradox, named after an eighteenth-century French mathematician. Condorcet's paradox is as follows: There are three candidates for office; let's call them Bush (B), Clinton (C), and Perot (P). One-third of the voters rank them B, C, P. One-third rank them C, P, B. The final third rank them P, B, C. Then a majority will prefer Bush to Clinton, and a majority will prefer Clinton to Perot. It would seem, therefore, that a majority would prefer Bush to Perot. But in fact a majority prefers Perot to Bush. Arrow's more complicated proof is more general and is about political choice more than it is about economics. Arrow went on to show, in a 1951 article, that a competitive economy in equilibrium is efficient and that any efficient allocation could be reached by having the government use lump-sum taxes to redistribute, and then letting the market work. One clear-cut implication of this finding was, and is, that the government should not control prices to redistribute income, but instead, if it redistributes at all, should do so directly. Arrow's insight is part of the reason economists are almost unanimously against price controls.

92. Ramanujan I have made a special investigation of divergent series in general and theresults I get are termed by the local mathematicians as startling . http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Ramanujan.html

Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan Born: 22 Dec 1887 in Erode, Tamil Nadu state, India Died: 26 April 1920 in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu state, India Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Srinivasa Ramanujan was one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. He made substantial contributions to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions continued fractions , and infinite series. Ramanujan was born in his grandmother's house in Erode, a small village about 400 km southwest of Madras. When Ramanujan was a year old his mother took him to the town of Kumbakonam, about 160 km nearer Madras. His father worked in Kumbakonam as a clerk in a cloth merchant's shop. In December 1889 he contracted smallpox. When he was nearly five years old, Ramanujan entered the primary school in Kumbakonam although he would attend several different primary schools before entering the Town High School in Kumbakonam in January 1898. At the Town High School, Ramanujan was to do well in all his school subjects and showed himself an able all round scholar. In 1900 he began to work on his own on mathematics summing geometric and arithmetic series. Ramanujan was shown how to solve cubic equations in 1902 and he went on to find his own method to solve the quartic . The following year, not knowing that the

93. Men Of Mathematics:Lots Of Good Books (Biography & Memoirs) an interest in mathematics and/or the sciences in generalkeeping in book is a collectionof dozens of (short) biographies of mathematicians ranging from http://biography.lotsofgoodbooks.com/us_bio-item_id-0671628186-search_type-AsinS

Lots of Good Books (Biography) Featured Product Benjamin Franklin : An American Life List $30.00 Our $20.40 Navigation More Categories Audiobooks Australian Authors Chinese ... Women Other Stores Lots Of Tools Lots Of Housewares Lots Of Children's Books Lots Of Good Movies ... Lots Of Toys Lots Of Good Music Classical Popular Other Projects Privacy Digest NewsLogs MacRonin Lots Of Great Sites Books : Men of Mathematics In association with Amazon.com All Products Audiobooks Australian Authors Books Chinese Criminals Dancers Entertainers General Historical Irish Japanese Jewish Large Print Memoirs Military Movie Directors Native American Native People (Canada) New Age People, A-Z Political Regional Canada Religious Royalty Scandinavian Special Needs Specific Groups Specific Groups - General Television Performers Theatre Travel U.K. Prime Ministers Women by: E.T. Bell See Larger Image List Price: Amazon.com's Price: You Save: Prices subject to change. Used Price: $5.00 Collectible Price: $5.00 Third Party New Price: $7.94 Availability: Usually ships within 24 hours Sales Rank: Release Date: 15 October, 1986

94. Brodart School Catalogs BENJAMIN BANNEKER ASTRONOMER AND mathematician, Reviews, Litwin, Laura Baskes,$25.59, $18.69. E=MC2 A BIOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD S MOST FAMOUS EQUATION, Reviews, http://web.bibz.com/SchoolCatalog/displayMathCatalog.do?catalogId=23&headerImage

95. Glossary Of People: Le edition of the Principia to claim priority) and founder of mathematical and symbolic FacultyDean and the head of the Department of general Psychology until http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/e.htm

MIA Encyclopedia of Marxism : Glossary of People Le Legien, Carl (1861-1920) German labor leader. Chairman of the German Federation of Trade Unions and editor of their journal. Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716) German mathematician (co-inventor of Calculus, modern mathematical logic), physicist (law of conservaion of energy), geologist, etc., etc. Initially a mechanical materialist in philosophy, but in opposition to Locke's empiricism, moved to a position of rationalism and objective idealism with his theory of Monads - the indivisible, spiritual substances of which the Universe is composed; the monads were endowed with self-activity, but had no physical influence on one another; held that the criterion of truth is clarity of knowledge, tested by the application of Aristotle's Formal Logic. See Hegel's analysis and on Law of Sufficient Ground Leibniz is most renowned as co-founder of the calculus with Newton (Newton and Leibniz each invented different systems of notations for calculus independently; there was an intensely competitive relation between the two men who would set each other mathematical puzzles to see whose calculus was superior, and Newton faked the date of publication of the second edition of the Principia to claim priority) and founder of mathematical and symbolic logic. Leibniz also did important work in mechanics, geology, biology, history, linguistics and engineering. He was prominent in the public affairs of his day, putting a scheme for the unification of the German states, which had been the legacy of the Thirty Years War, to the Imperial Diet, argued for the reunification of the Protestant and Catholic Churches, founded the Academy of Sciences under Frederick I of Prussia, and participated in every sphere of science, art and public life in the Europe of the Habsburgs and Louis XIV.

96. In Code: A Mathematical Journey:Lots Of Good Books (Biography & Memoirs) Books In Code A Mathematical Journey. All Products. http://biography.lotsofgoodbooks.com/us_bio-item_id-1565123778-search_type-AsinS

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