61. NOVA Online | Voyage Of Doom | Who Owns Lost Ships? (2) This is true of most excavations by salvors, says Toni Carrell, a marine archeologistwho chairs the Advisory Council for underwater archeology. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lasalle/owners2.html

The sidewheel steamship Central America Who Owns Lost Ships? Back to Part 1 The struggle for ownership of the 19th-century sidewheel steamer Central America Salvage vs science The Central America decision irked many marine archeologists, who pointed out that not a single archeological report has come out of the operation. This is true of most excavations by salvors, says Toni Carrell, a marine archeologist who chairs the Advisory Council for Underwater Archeology. "If the proof of the pudding is in the eating, the proof of good archeological work is published results," she says. "But where are the reports? Where are the results?" The only salvor's report that has even slightly approached a real archeological summary, she says, was one published on a wreck salvaged off Saipan. The goals of research and archeology simply differ too greatly from those of commerical exploitation. "We archeologists know we must go slowly, while salvors must work quickly, because they've got investors backing them who want to see a return through the sale of artifacts," she says. For her part, Carrell sees no room for compromise: "There's no way that archeologists and commercial treasure salvors can work together. When the driving motivation is profit rather than knowledge, archeology always suffers." The British sloop HMS De Braak Indeed, many professional archeologists deem salvors little more than tomb robbers, a feeling that poorly executed salvage operations only fuel. The most notorious of such operations was the salvage of the HMS

62. Chapman marine Science Project, Beaufort, NC. Chapman, Frank L. John Scalf Jr. 1975.Recreation to Scientific Diving The Development of an underwater archeology http://www.uncw.edu/hahs/chapman/VITAE.HTM

Frank L. Chapman University of North Carolina at Wilmington Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation 601 South College Road Wilmington, NC 28403 chapmanf@uncw.edu Education Florida State University Master of Science Zoology Florida State University Bachelor of Science Biology Positions Held University of North Carolina at Wilmington Responsibilities have included: Director of Diving and Water Safety, Instructor in Biological Sciences, Director of Operations of The UNCW National Undersea Research Program, Director of Operations of the UNCW Research Vessel "Seahawk", Lecturer in the Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. New Hanover County Schools Instructor, Exploratory Oceanography Carteret County Schools Curriculum Specialist, A federal grant program to develop curriculum for grades K-12 dealing with Marine Sciences and to train teachers from North Carolina and other states, methods of teaching Marine Sciences. Professional Qualifications and Activities SCUBA Instructor: National Association of Underwater Instructors,Professional Association of Diving Instructors, National Association of Skin Diving Schools.

63. WWW Virtual Library: Anthropology: Archaeology: Marine Archaeology: Organization Send Link! 2. Institute of marine Archaeological Conservation, LLC (IMAC) 9.00(Added Jun. 7. Wisconsin underwater archeology Association 9.00 (Added Jun. http://vlib.anthrotech.com/Archaeology/Marine_Archaeology/Organizations/

This site uses javascript. Please turn it on. Careers Forum Library Members ... Contact Us Enter Keywords: All Categories This Category ONLY Advanced Search Search Tips FAQs Help ... Marine Archaeology Organizations Links: Eastland Memorial Society Added: Jun. 05, 1999 Modified: Jun. 05, 1999 Hits: Votes: Rating: The Eastland Memorial Society is dedicated to provide information and support for descendants of Eastland disaster victims and survivors, to promote h... Found at: http://www.inficad.com/~ksup/ See Details about this Link Bookmark It! Nominate It! Rate It! ... Institute of Marine Archaeological Conservation, LLC (IMAC) Added: Jun. 05, 1999 Modified: Jun. 05, 1999 Hits: Votes: Rating: Includes treasure hunting and diving information. Found at: http://www.imacdigest.com/ See Details about this Link Bookmark It! Nominate It! Rate It! ... Lake Champlain Maritime Museum Added: Jun. 19, 1999 Modified: Jun. 19, 1999 Hits: Votes: Rating: Find out about historical martime archaeology projects and programs. Found at: http://www.lcmm.org/ See Details about this Link Bookmark It! Nominate It! Rate It! ... Scottish Crannog Centre Added: Jun. 05, 1999

64. Communications: Science, Education, And Marine Archeology Program In Portugal (S Science, Education, and marine archeology Program in Portugal. rich opportunitiesfor archeological discovery. the recent advent of underwater technology, these http://www.palcus.org/comm/otc.html

Science, Education, and Marine Archeology Program in Portugal Far below the ocean’s surface, resting on the seabed off the Portuguese coast are Spanish, Portuguese, and British ships that sank during the Age of Exploration. Through the years, this graveyard of ships has survived relatively untouched, and may now provide rich opportunities for archeological discovery. Until the recent advent of underwater technology, these historically significant sites have been unavailable for identification and study. The Age of Exploration (15th-18th centuries) is a period of great adventure and discovery, where people traveled across the oceans in search of new lands, treasures, goods and trade routes. The story of the ill-fated Cinque Chagas is only one of hundreds of shipwrecks recorded along the Portuguese coasts. The ship set sail for Portugal from the East Indies, carrying a king’s ransom in gold, silver, and jewels. Also on board were Italian and Portuguese merchants with their own goods, and the abandoned cargoes of two other ships that wrecked off the African coast. Overloaded with cargo and passengers, with disease and starvation rampant throughout the ship, she sailed into the Azores to replenish her stock, ignoring the warnings of the dangers of pirates and renegade vessels that awaited her The next morning she fell under attack from three British ships. The battle raged on for two days until finally, with her decks ablaze, a violent explosion sent the Chagas and her valuable cargo to the bottom of the sea. Now, a new “Age of Exploration” is resuming far beneath the ocean's surface.

65. Pier Wisconsin: Fostering An Awareness & Understanding Of Our Freshwater World Schooner School is day camp offering marine and maritime education for childrenentering 4th through 8th grade. This summer s theme is underwater archeology. http://www.pierwisconsin.org/EDUC/youth.htm

Education/Youth Programs Learning Expeditions for Youth Our learning expeditions cover a wide range of Great Lakes studies and experience-based learning techniques. They vary by age-appropriateness, length, and fees. These programs can be adapted to your school or youth group's current curriculum. Please contact Pier Wisconsin for more information on how to participate in the following programs. Schooner Alphabet Inspired by the well-known "Sea Alphabet," this program is a hands-on introduction to the lake schooner and the Great Lakes. Activities include a storyboard song, water activity table, boat puzzle, signal flag bracelets, shipyard tour, and a schooner alphabet coloring book for each child - A is for Anchor, we'll haul it and go; B is for buoys that mark what's below . . . Grades K5-1 Length is 90 minutes 18-30 students $4.00 / student Schooner School Schooner School is day camp offering marine and maritime education for children entering 4th through 8th grade. The daily program runs from 9:00 to 2:30 Tuesday through Friday. Schooner School's activities in science, history, math, and the arts take place both dockside and on the water. The program's success is the result of small classes; hands-on activities; trained, caring teachers; helpful volunteers; and fun on the shore of Lake Michigan.

66. Florida's Underwater Archaeological Preserves system of underwater parks featuring marine life that make the parks living museums in the sea. Each site is interpreted by an underwater and laminated underwater guides are http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/bar/uap

Department of State Menu DEPARTMENT HOME PAGE DIVISIONS Office of Secretary Administrative Services Corporations Cultural Affairs Elections Historical Resources Library and Info. Services Licensing Contact Us Site Map **New** Regina Underwater Archaeological Preserve Proposal pdf format (579kb) or MS Word format (47mb, very large) The Underwater Archaeological Preserves In 1987, Florida began to develop a statewide system of underwater parks featuring shipwrecks and other historic sites. The shipwreck preserves have become popular attractions for skin and scuba diving visitors to witness a part of Florida's history first-hand. They contain not only interesting archaeological features, but also an abundance of marine life that make the parks living museums in the sea. Each site is interpreted by an underwater plaque; a brochure and laminated underwater guides are available from local dive shops. The parks are open to the public year round, free of charge. There are nine parks at present, and several others under development. Future Preserves If, in the course of your underwater explorations, you find a site that might be a potential candidate for a new Underwater Archaeological Preserve, you are encouraged to nominate it for consideration. The Bureau of Archaeological Research invites nominations for new underwater preserves throughout the State of Florida, whether located in inland waters, or offshore within Florida's territorial waters. A preserve should have public access, favorable diving conditions, and interesting cultural and natural site features. If selected, a site may then be designated as a preserve through a cooperative project between government and the public. The development of a new park is an excellent opportunity for a diving group to become involved in an underwater project with lasting results.

67. Underwater And Maritime Archaeology Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park The Archeological Survey. Introducing UnderwaterArchaeology. Treasure Under the Sea With marine Archaeologists and http://www.cyberpursuits.com/archeo/uw-arch.asp

CyberPursuits Main Page Guides and More Regions Africa Australia and Oceania British Isles Egyptology Continental Europe Far East Central Asia Near and Middle East North America North Atlantic Topics Food and Diet Tools and Materials Underwater/Maritime Archaeoastronomy Geoarchaeology Megaliths Art in Archaeology Legal Issues Programs Academic Organizations Resources Publications and News Books Film and Photography Art and Posters Software and Games Search ArchNet Buy Archaeology Art and Prints Books Videos DVD Magazines Search by keywords: Visitors since October 2002 Free counters provided by Andale The links on this web site are provided for reference purposes. CyberPursuits has no control over the content of off-site links and cannot be held responsible for any harm real or perceived incurred as a result of launching to another site through a URL located on this Web site. Underwater and Maritime Archaeology All links leave the site and open a new window General Resources A Guide to Underwater Archaeology Resources on the Internet Directory of Underwater Archaeology Resources on the Web ASSONET - Archeologia Subacquea Speleologia Organizzazione NETwork North American Shipwrecks Database FAQ ... Underwater Archaeology and Maritime History Jobs Projects and Essays RS Operations - Specialists in organizing and conducting searches for lost shipwrecks The Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge Shipwreck Project The Mombasa Wreck Excavation - The Santo Antonio de Tanna, Turkey

68. Nautical Archaeology The underwater Archaeology list at Archaeology on the Net the USS Monitor National marine Sanctuary, NOAA supports and National underwater marine Agency, located in Austin, Texas http://ils.unc.edu/maritime/nautarch.shtml

Nautical Archaeology DiveWeb provides extensive and regularly updated information on many aspects of diving. The Underwater Archaeology list at Archaeology on the Net contains a long list of valuable links. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (IJNA) is the primary journal for all aspects of nautical archeological research. The Institute of Nautical Archaeology and the offer information on their joint pages. One particularly interesting site describes one of INA's research projects in Egypt The Society for Underwater Exploration has an impressive site with lots of information about their various projects and research. The Institute of Maritime History focuses on maritime history in New England, and is working on a "New England Shipwreck Survey Initiative." Underwater Archaeology at Florida State University is described here. NOAA supports nautical archaeology through its Sanctuary and Reserves Division. In addition to the USS Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA supports and protects Sanctuaries in the Florida Keys and the Channel Islands. Florida's Underwater Archaeological Preserves are presented on these pages, with information about each site and how to visit them.

69. Exploring Minds - Merck Frosst to a floating deck secured with underwater cables attached four concrete blocks surroundingthe archeological site 2) resistance to waves and marine currents; 3 http://www.exploringminds.ca/e/featuring_science_fair/qp_eau_fond.html

Home page Science Fairs A few projects Cover-up ... The science of popcorn Shedding light on underwater archeology Photobioreactor A few ideas Shedding light on underwater archeology Informations Introduction The problem Hypothesis ... Conclusions Informations Project: Shedding light on underwater archeology Developed By: Type of Project: Experiment Category: Applied science and technology Class: Intermediate Age of Participant: 15 and 16 School: Teacher: Sylvie Trottier Has Won: B ronze medal for an engineering project, intermediate level Project presented at the 1998 Outaouais regional final of the Bell Science Fair Selected for the 1998 Quebec final (Montreal) of the Bell Super Science Fair Selected for the 1998 Pan-Canadian Science Fair in Timmins, where the participants won a bronze medal for an engineering project, intermediate level Introduction When we decided to participate in the Science Fair, we resolved to find an original project in a field that was unfamiliar to us. By pure coincidence, we learned that Robert Grenier, a renowned underwater archeologist with Parks Canada, was on hand. Fascinated by his writings about deep-sea diving expeditions in search of historical shipwrecks, we plunged into the fascinating world of underwater exploration. The problem Our discussions with Robert Grenier enabled us to pinpoint a problem in underwater archeology that requires some attention. Although seemingly banal at first, the problem poses a real challenge to divers studying shipwrecks: finding a way to shed sufficient daylight in the muddy waters to enable divers at the archeological site to work comfortably. Divers are often obliged to work in partial or total darkness, relying exclusively on their sense of touch to conduct their searches.

70. Underwater Archaeology underwater archeology. In the 1960s, with increased public interest in underwater archaeology, the National Park with Florida State University's underwater archaeology program http://www.cr.nps.gov/seac/underh2o.htm

Underwater Archeology In the 1960s, with increased public interest in underwater archaeology, the National Park Service began a program to investigate and protect significant shipwrecks and other submerged resources in the national park system. As the awareness of the richness and importance of these submerged resources increased among park managers, this activity accelerated, culminating in the creation of a formal program in 1972. The Southeast Archaeological Center (SEAC) was originally chosen to initiate the program due to its proximity to coastal parks and because of its established partnership with Florida State University's underwater archaeology program Today, SEAC continues to conduct shipwreck investigations in conjunction with FSU's underwater archaeology program. These cooperating activities include field schools on sites such as HMS Fowey (lost in 1748), Nuestra Senora del Populo , and Nuestra Senora del Rosario . The majority of underwater work in national parks is carried out by the NPS Submerged Cultural Resources Unit , based in Sante Fe, New Mexico.

71. Affordable Antique Pottery From Ming Dynasty Shipwrecks Archeology archeology on Shipwrecks yields Antique pottery from the Ming dynasty. These genuine historical artifacts are now FOR SALE here at affordable prices. last updated on April 9, 2004Nanhai marine http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.mingwrecks.com&y=021CA34E2F62989

72. Marine Archaeology National underwater marine Agency (NUMA), Discover historic ships. Wisconsin underwaterArcheology Association, Wisconsin s submerged historic resources. http://www.ontalink.com/archaeology/marine/

MARINE ARCHAEOLOGY Archaeology Viking Ships Archaeological Study of a Limestone Sinkhole: Diving in Manantial de la Aleta East National Park, Dominican Republic An initial evaluation of a mysterious sinkhole in the tropical jungle. Channel Islands Marine Archaeology Resources Marine archaeology programs in California's Channel Islands National Park, supported by volunteer organizations. Combined Caesarea Expeditions [umd.edu] Official site. Discovery Channel: Pirate Ghosts Old, sunken ships and their treasures are telling us about how pirates really lived. French Underwater Archaeology Mediterranean site exploration, techniques and research teams. IMAC Digest: Institute of Marine Archaeological Conservation Treasure hunting and diving information. King Øystein`s Harbour at Agdenes The harbour at Agdenes has quite a special status in central Norwegian cultural history, mentioned in several sagas, and is one of very few localities so far recorded in Norway where wooden constructions are preserved. L'Archaeologie Sous Les Mers Maritime Archaeology Fotevikens Museum carries out maritime archaeology investigations. The main area is Skåne, in the south of Sweden, as this area is of great historical interest around Falsterbonäset.

73. Siracusa's ScubaDivers Club-National Center For Underwater Archeology FIPSAS In 1997 has been named, the only one in Italy, National Center for theUnderwater archeology of the FIPSAS. The Club has three sections http://www.sistemia.it/scuba/welcome_en.htm

Didactics Archeology Marine Biology The FIPSAS ... Home Page Section of Didactics: the courses Sub Archeosub Baby-Sub Section of Archeology: our researches Ognina '98 Ognina '96 Capo Mulini Megara Iblea ... Underwater Archeologic Mapping Section of Marine Biology Censimento Malacologico Mappatura posidonieto Last updated: 10 Aprile, 2003 The Siracusa's Divers Club has been founded in 1993. Affiliate to the F.I.P.S.A.S. (Italian Sporting Fishing and Underwater Activity Federation) and belongs to the C.M.A.S. (Confédération Mondiale des Activitès Subaquatiques). In 1997 has been named, the only one in Italy, National Center for the Underwater archeology of the FIPSAS. The Club has three sections: Didactics Underwater archeology Marine Biology Activities and Programs From July 20 to August 20 1998, is renewed the collaboration between the Syracuse Divers Club - National Center for Underwater archeology and the

74. Archeology - Club Sommozzatori SR The National Center for underwater archeology organizes courses of training to underwaterarcheology, that the participants can follow before inserting in the http://www.sistemia.it/scuba/archeology.htm

Home Page Survey Ognina '98 Archeology Ognina '96 (Syracuse) Immediately westward of the harbour of Ognina, a very vast shoal, that goes up from the - 30 m. up to the - 3 m, had created many problems to the ancient navigation. Of the numerous shipwreck provoked by the shoal, that was surely in past more emerged, clear signs remain in the fragments of the amphoras transported by the ships that, on routs from west were sunk trying to reenter in the harbour. The depth of the Shoal of Ognina are studied from more than 30 years, the degree of fragmentation produced on the ceramic materials by the work of the tides complicate the job of the researchers a lot. In the survey on the Shoal of Ognina worked together the divers of the Syracuse Divers Club and of the DEGUWA (Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Unterwasserarchäologie e. V), directed by the Prof. Hanz G. Martin of the Freie Universität in Berlin, in the months of July and August ' 96. The two associations came to an agreement of collaboration putting men and experiences in common, in sight of the future jobs, not only in Ognina but also in other underwater yards. The jobs of prospecting and recovery have been developed from German, Dutch and Italian young divers, a big part of them was students of archeology:

75. Great Links To The Great Lakes Southwest Michigan underwater Preserve, Great page covering the Wreck Web, Tim Reed sarcheological sitemaps of Lake on the worst marine accident in Great Lakes http://www.ship-wrecks.net/shipwreck/links/browse.asp?cat=michigan

76. Underwater Archaeology And Maritime History Jobs FL, NCD Education Interns, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, NCD underwater ArchaeologyFaculty same position as advertised above) Odyssey marine Exploration, Inc http://www.geocities.com/underwaterarchaeologyjobs/

Underwater Archaeology and Maritime History Jobs Welcome to Underwater Archaeology Jobs. This is the place to actually find employment in underwater archaeology, maritime history and archaeological conservation. NCD = No Closing Date Check out this site for Conservator work in Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific 23 February 2004 Chief Curator, Mariners Museum, NCD Curator and other positions, San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum, NCD ... Apply as you see ethically fit for yourself, working with for-profit Admiralty Co. Submerged Cultural Resource Management Firms (USA): Check out their sites to see if they are hiring. Pan American Maritime Dolan Research Mid Atlantic Technology Public Archaeology Lab ... Tidewater Atlantic Research (UK) Wessex Archaeology (Ireland) The Archaeological Diving Company Maritime Museums, Internships, Fellowships and Scholarships. Council of American Maritime Museums Maritime Museums.net Naval Historical Center Internships, Fellowships and Contests ... US Naval War College, closes August 1 Underwater Archaeology Field Schools for 2004 (Get your feet wet in the field and maybe a paid position). State University of New York-Stony Brook July 12-August 20, New York and New Jersey

77. Phase I Marine Archeological Remote Sensing Survey Of The Barataria Pass, Ocean background archival investigations, marine archeological remote sensing A review ofLouisiana archeological site files documented no underwater sites within a http://www.stormingmedia.us/02/0264/A026493.html

EARTH SCIENCES Hydrology, Limnology and Potamology Phase I Marine Archeological Remote Sensing Survey of the Barataria Pass, Ocean Dredge Material Disposal Site, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana Authors: Pelletier, Jean B.; Milstead, Sarah; Goodwin, R. C.; Post, Larkin; Sowden, Carrie; GOODWIN (R CHRISTOPHER) AND ASSOCIATES INC FREDERICK MD Abstract: Limitations: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Description: Final rept. Nov 1999-Apr 2001, Phase 1 Pages: Report Date: APR 2001 Report number: Price: Shipping terms DISPOSAL RESOURCES BACKGROUND ... Advanced Search

78. Submerged Adventures Of America's Most Elite Underwater Archeology Team By Danie Submerged Adventures of America s Most Elite underwater archeology Team. SubmergedAdventures of America s Most Elite underwater archeology Team. http://www.bookhills.com/Submerged_Adventures_of_America_s_Most_Elite_Underwater

All Products Apparel Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Baby Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Underwater archaeology Submerged: Adventures of America's Most Elite Underwater Archeology Team Browse Books Audiocassettes Audio CDs Bargain Children's Books ... Women's Fiction Bestsellers in Underwater archaeology Underworld : The Mysterious Origins of Civilization by GRAHAM HANCOCK List Price: Our Price: You Save: Complete Wreck Diving: A Guide to Diving Wrecks by Henry Keatts Brian Skerry List Price: Our Price: You Save: Lost World : Rewriting Prehistory-How New Science Is Tracing America's Ice Age Mariners by Tom Koppel List Price: Our Price: You Save: Submerged: Adventures of America's Most Elite Underwater Archeology Team by Daniel Lenihan List Price: Our Price: You Save: Sunk!: Exploring Underwater Archaeology by Geography Department Lerner Geography Dept Our Price: Ship by David Macaulay List Price: Our Price: You Save: Lost Warships: An Archaeological Tour of War at Sea by James P. Delgado

79. Lake Superior Maritime Visitor Center Gales Of November Kimm Stabelfeldt And Bre Museum Association, Great Lakes Shipwreck Preservation Society, the Wisconsin MarineHistorical Society, the Wisconsin underwater archeology Association, the http://www.lsmma.com/kb.html

Kimm Stabelfeldt and Brendon Baillod presenting: "Great Lakes Shipwreck Research Methodology" A review of shipwreck research using Internet Resources, Primary and Archival Resources, and Secondary Sources for Research. Kimm Stabelfeldt Mr. Stabelfeldt holds one of the largest private collections of Great Lakes books and ephemera in Wisconsin and is the author of five popular Great Lakes dive guides. Mr. Stabelfeldt's work has been published in numerous periodicals and he holds memberships in the Great Lakes Historical Society, the Saginaw River Marine Historical Society, Lake Superior Marine Museum Association, Great Lakes Shipwreck Preservation Society, the Wisconsin Marine Historical Society, the Wisconsin Underwater Archeology Association, the Wisconsin Maritime Museum, the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society and the Dossin Great Lakes Museum. A certified Dive Master, Mr. Stabelfeldt is the president of Adventure Diving, Inc., a Great Lakes shipwreck dive charter service. He holds degrees in Business and Computer Science and is an executive with a computer software company. Kimm A. Stabelfeldt McHugh Software International Tel: 262-317-2360 Cell: 262-366-2365 Fax: 262-317-2001 Email: kimm.stabelfeldt@mchugh.com Web: http:/www.execpc.com/~drewitz Adventure Diving, Inc. Great Lakes Shipwreck Research Diver Ghost Ships Festival Milwaukee, March 23-24, 2001 Web: http:/www.ghost-ships.org Email: kimms@ghost-ships.org

80. Focus Newspaper - Summer 2002 British Family Joins University underwater Dig; Ancient Ship of Haifasponsored archeologicalexcavation in was that the marine archeologists uncovered three http://research.haifa.ac.il/~focus/2002-03winter/07-brandonfamily.html

Winter Undeterred British Family Joins University Underwater Dig; Ancient Ship Revealed There were two surprises that marked the University of Haifa-sponsored archeological excavation in the laguna of Tantura, on Israel’s Mediterranean coast just south of Haifa this past season. One surprise was that the marine archeologists uncovered three shipwrecks, one of which may have lain on the bottom for more than a thousand years. The second surprise was the participation of the Brandon family of London in the underwater excavations. Chris Brandon, a well-known English architect, his wife Jane, and their children Kitty (Katherina) and Jamie (James) were undeterred by Israel’s security situation to join the expedition this year. There were only five other volunteers. In past years, the University’s archeological projects had attracted scores of volunteers from the U.S. and Europe. A good part of the body of the oldest of the three ships revealed remained. University archeologists have temporarily dated the vessel to the Byzantine period, pending a more exacting determination of the date of the wreckage. Fifteen hundred-year-old ropes and a lot of pottery survived also.

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