41. AFRICA-U.S. RELATIONS - Www.ezboard.com is a common feature of indigenous African languages the tongue of several million people inhabiting an of a number of languages, among them mangbetu, spoken in http://pub49.ezboard.com/fhhnmessageboardfrm6.showMessage?topicID=15.topic

42. Field - Ethnic Groups all Bantu), and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic South africa, black 75.2% white 13.6% Colored Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, african, indigenous people. http://www.exxun.com/elfd/fd_ethnic_groups.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Advertise with us Ethnic groups Fields Section Fields World Records World Resources Dictionary Notes and Definition ... Country Data Codes Translation powered by Google This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population. Country Ethnic groups (%) Afghanistan Pashtun 44% Tajik 25% Hazara 10% minor ethnic groups (Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) 13% Uzbek 8% Albania Albanian 95% Greek 3% other 2% (Vlach, Gypsy, Serb, and Bulgarian) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization) Algeria Arab-Berber 99% European less than 1% American Samoa Samoan (Polynesian) 89% Caucasian 2% Tongan 4% other 5% Andorra Spanish 43% Andorran 33% Portuguese 11% French 7% other 6% (1998) Angola Ovimbundu 37% Kimbundu 25% Bakongo 13% mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2% European 1% other 22% Anguilla black (predominant), mulatto, white

43. Missionaries Of Africa: Visual Project Viewer Luba, Kongo, Mongo (Bantu), the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10 South africa 28%, Benelux 14%, Nigeria 9%, Kenya 7 http://www.missionariesofafrica.org/africa/countries.php?country=ZA

44. Book Reviews the material culture of the native peoples of North fluctuating status of dogs in indigenous cultures of certain types of containers produced by the mangbetu. http://www.tribalarts.com/review/review_su98.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer 1998 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... GALLERIES Art and Heritage in West Africa By Barbara E. Frank. Published in English by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 1998. Hardcover; $45. T his impressive study approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West Africa. Here, pottery making is an exclusively female pursuit, while leatherworking is dominated by males. The author explores the two in depth, producing a valuable contribution to the scholarship of West African culture and, at the same time, demonstrating how craft technology in addition to artistic style is essential for reconstructing and comprehending the artistic heritage of a culturally complex region. In examining the roles of these craftspeople in the rise and fall of empires, the development of trans-Saharan trade networks, and the spread of Islam, the author brings into question the "one-tribe, one-style" interpretations that have dominated studies of West African art. back Native Paths: American Indian Art from the Collection of Charles and Valerie Diker Edited by Alan Wardwell.

45. Book Reviews and explore his interest in the indigenous arts while cultural history of the Amerindian peoples through an remote villages of the Kuba, mangbetu, Bwaka, Tutsi http://www.tribalarts.com/review/autumn2001.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer/Autumn 2001 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... CALENDAR BOOKS ABOUT TRIBAL ARTS MAGAZINE INDEX SUBSCRIBE GALLERIES A WORLD OF EARRINGS, AFRICA, ASIA, AMERICA By Anne van Cutsem Published in English, French, German, and Italian by Skira Editions, Milan, 2001 Format: 24 x 28 cm, 359 pp., 285 color and B/W illustrations Hardcover: 60Eu Captions describe materials, size, and function, and an index and glossary supply additional information.This book will be followed by a volume on bracelets. back ARTS PRÉCOLOMBIENS DE L'AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE.NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA ET PANAMÁ

46. Republic Of The Congo of various species and oil palms are indigenous to the of Nilotic, Pygmy, and other peoples are present the Kuba, Bakongo, Mongo, and the mangbetuAzande; also http://www.warroad.k12.mn.us/moredocs/stdnt_work/s.friesner/congo.html

Republic of The Congo THE CONGO: The country's national name is : Republique Populaire du Congo. This nation of Central Africa is bounded on the north by the Central African Republic and Sudan; on the east by Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Lake Tanganyika ; on the south by Zambia; on the southwest by Angola; and on the west by Angola and the Republic of the Congo. The extreme western portion of the country is a narrow wedge terminating in a 25-mile strip along the Atlantic Ocean. The greatest width of the country is about 1200 miles; its greatest length from north to south is about 1250 miles. Its total area is 905,365 square miles. The capital and largest city of the DRC is Kinshasa, formerly called LŽopoldville. Among other major cities are Lubumbashi, formerly Elisabethville; and Kisangani, formerly Stanleyville. Smaller cities include Bukavu, formerly Costermansville; Matadi, the principal port; Mbandaka, formerly Coquilhatville; and Boma, formerly the capital of both the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo and now a commercial center. Major Cities: Brazzaville Congo straddles the equator with it's only outlet to the South Atlantic Ocean is a very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo river. The nation is covered in dense tropical rainforests in the central river basin and the eastern highlands.

47. Subsaharanlist JAHCO67 Sickle knife mangbetu peoples, Democratic Republic of basing its shape on indigenous wooden throwing knife (sengese) Matakam peoples, Cameroon/Nigeria http://www.hurstgallery.com/exhibit/past/sub-saharan/subsaharanlist.html

Hurst Gallery exhibit archives... After browsing, close this window to return to the Hurst Gallery web site which should currently be open in an earlier window. Sub-Saharan Designs: Crafts of the African Potter and Smith: Exhibtion List Pottery 1. ST-061899-01 Head Bura-Asinda-Sikka, Burkina Faso 3rd-11th century A.D. Terra cotta H: 5.5 in., W: 4 in. The heads of the Bura-Asinda-Sikka are usually completely flat, are distinguished by great simplicity and in most cases are decorated with logitudinal bulges in relief (Schaedler, 1997). 2. ST-061899-02 Head Bura-Asinda-Sikka, Burkina Faso 3rd-11th century A.D. Terra cotta H: 5.5 in., W: 4 in. 3. ST-061899-03 Head Bura-Asinda-Sikka, Burkina Faso 3rd-11th century A.D. Terra cotta W: 3 in. 4. ST-061899-04 Head Nok, Nigeria 500 B.C.-200 A.D. Terra cotta 500 B.C.-200 A.D L: 4 in., W: 3 in.

48. Africa Forum - Forum Afrique - African Forum - Job Forum - Romance Sardan *Women in Slavery among the mangbetu, Curtin A their tragedy or that of the people they left face of patriarchy — in both its indigenous and imported http://www.africaforum.com/showthread.php3?threadid=1316

49. SIL Bibliography: Notes On Anthropology and survival among Vietnam’s highland peoples during the Build on what they know indigenous knowledge and my name’ a Meegyemangbetu representation of http://www.ethnologue.com/show_serial.asp?name=Notes on Anthropology

50. SIL Bibliography: Ethnography in the Congo Implications for indigenous foragers and Mejemangbetu (northeastern Zaire) death compensations as among the Eastern Sudanic peoples of southern http://www.ethnologue.com/show_subject.asp?code=ETN

51. Weapons In Context: Extract as that of the Azande and mangbetu of northeast kind had on the development of indigenous weaponry are produced by the linguistically related peoples living in http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/Pitt_Rivers/shieweap/weaobj2

Weapons in Context Extract from Spring's African Weapons Weapons and Society Weapons and Warfare History and the 'Ethnographic Present' Earth and Fire: Iron Technology and the Blacksmith ... Main 'thinking about objects' page Introduction (pp 9-19; references given by Spring are fully cited in the bibliography This book is primarily intended as a celebration of African artistry and ingenuity. It also attempts to show the way in which arms and armour are incorporated into the complex material systems which express the structure of non-industrialised societies. The book takes as its subject a particular category of artefact which may not conform to Western preconceptions of what constitutes African art, but this should not be allowed to detract from our appreciation. Furthermore, the creativity which has gone into the production of African arms and armour must not be obscured by the fact that these artefacts are often used in a context which attests to man's most negative and destructive cultural proclivity. At the risk of playing devil's advocate, I believe that to underrate the significance of these artefacts within the societies which produced them would be to overlook a whole range of human endeavour and activity. Weapons and Society It is difficult both to detect and to analyse the concept of aesthetic appreciation in societies which do not appear to have a perception of 'art' as we in the West understand it. However, there is some evidence to suggest that there is a considerable difference between the type of object which might be considered of aesthetic significance in an African as opposed to a Western context. As Vaughan (1973) has pointed out, the Marghi of Northern Nigeria 'do not consider rock paintings or calabash decorations fitting topics for artistic activity, while they do view weapons as products which are worthy of an aesthetic appreciation'.

52. Used Books, Rare Books, Antiquarian Books - Antiqbook (EDS.). ISLANDS AND ANCESTORS. indigenous STYLES OF SOUTHEAST ASIA. (ED.). - TRADITIONAL peoples TODAY. 2045, BURSSENS, HERMAN; GUISSON, ALAIN. - mangbetu. http://www.antiqbook.nl/boox/eab/index.shtml

Ethnographic Art Books/De Verre Volken c/o National Museum of Ethnology, Steenstraat 1A, 2312 BS Leiden, The Netherlands Tel. xx (0)71 5168706, Fax xx (0)71 5289128 Email: info@ethnographicartbooks.com Search on this page Click on booknumber for full information ZAPOTEC STRUGGLES. HISTORIES, POLITICS, AND REPRESENTATIONS FROM JUCHITÁN, OAXACA. UBUNTU. ARTS ET CULTURES D'AFRIQUE DU SUD. TUAREG. NÓMADAS DEL DESIERTO. THAR. DIE WÜSTENKÖNIGE INDIENS. KUNST UND KOSTBARKEITEN VON MAHARAJAS UND NOMADEN. TERRECOTTE DEL MALI E DEL GHANA. POPOLI SELVAGGI E BARBARI VIVENTI. TERRACOTTAS FROM MALI AND GHANA. WILD PEOPLE AND LIVING BARBARIANS. SPLENDEURS DU MAROC. SOUTHEAST ASIAN TRIBAL GROUPS AND ETHNIC MINORITIES. PROSPECTS FOR THE EIGHTIES AND BEYOND. SOUDAN, ROYAUMES SUR LE NIL. SCHATTEN VAN HET MUSEUM VOOR VOLKENKUNDE, ROTTERDAM. RITES DE LA MORT. Exposition du Laboratoire d'Ethnologie du Miséum d'Histoire Naturelle, dirigée par Jean Guiart. PYGMEEEN EN PAPOEA'S. KUNST EN CULTUUR IN NIEUW-GUINEA. QUAND LA PIERRE SE FAIT PRÉCIEUSE. PRECOLUMBIAN ART IN NEW YORK SELECTIONS FROM PRIVATE COLLECTIONS.

53. Africa In Sight - Democratic Republic Of Congo PEOPLE. tribes Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10%. http://www.africainsight.org/show_country.php?code=cg

54. Africa In Sight - Search For Country Comparisons Kongo (all Bantu), and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe http://www.africainsight.org/create_report_2.php?ids[]=ethnic_groups

55. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile mangbetu people. Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Baule people. Wood. Mid twentieth century. indigenous repairs of age cracks. http://www.africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials&pagenum=40&start=11

56. African Pygmy Settlement Pattern the savannah northwest, associated with mangbetu and Azande the same group as the indigenous Souanke Baka. Evidence for the Eastward Spread of Ubangian peoples. http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/hagen/courses/pygmy.html

African Pygmy Settlement Pattern Ed Hagen December 13, 1993 Introduction The African pygmies are the largest extant group of hunter-gatherers in the world (Cavalli-Sforza, 1986). They live in close association with farmers in the central African rain forest. This paper examines the spatial, temporal, and ecological aspects of the distribution of the various pygmy groups throughout the forest. Although there are several lines of evidence regarding the prehistoric spread of farming peoples through the forest, nothing is known about the original pygmy occupation, nor the evolution of their relationship with the horticulturists. This paper will examine the history, geography, and ecology of that forest, and the prehistoric immigration of farming peoples in order to provide a context for both the original and current pygmy occupation. The history of trade, colonialism and Independence in the region had a significant impact on pygmy settlement pattern, and are discussed as well. Although the forager-farmer relation is outside the scope of this paper, it clearly has had a profound impact on pygmy settlement pattern. We should keep in mind that this relationship has probably had a very long history, in which social, political, economic and ecological factors all played an important role. What we see today very likely differs in important ways from even the fairly recent past. Forest History, Geography and Ecology

57. MARS PHOTOS: LIFE ON MARS? AFRAM SCIENCE: MARS PYRAMIDS:ORION are invaders to africa and not indigenous) racial origins from the Mongoloid looking Kong, San, mangbetu and Sahara and defend ourselves and our people in Latin http://community-2.webtv.net/PAULNUBIAEMPIRE/BARTONSNUBIANEMPIRE/page2.html

BLACKS OF LATIN AMERICA:THE MOVE TO PRESERVE AFRICAN IDENTITY, HERITAGE AND CULTURE WE ARE AFRICAN-AMERICANOS: WHY TWO HUNDRED MILLION AFRO-LATIN AMERICANS ARE RECLAIMING THEIR AFRICAN HERITAGE The Black race throughout Latin America is suffer- ing from racism, cultural genocide and a lack of the opportunities to advance compared to Latin Americans of European, Asian and Mestizo origins. The Native Americans who decide to reclaim their culture and reject European ways are also discriminated against. Blacks in Latin America are also rejecting the big lie that if they mix their blood with their oppressors, somehow they are improving the Black race. These Blacks have realized that in fact the History and culture of their ancestors is one where they have had about one million years as homo sapien Blacks, when they were the only people in existance, and more than twenty thousand years of recorded history in the Nile Corridor and the Sahara. The trend is to preserve the darkness of skin, return one's African racial and cultural identity and work towards progress using various methods including armed struggle, as many

58. Ethnicity And Race By Countries French origin 23%, other European 15%, indigenous Indian and Kongo (all Bantu), and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic born 32.1%, Israel-born 20.8%, africa-born 14.6 http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/A0855617

Countries Ethnicity and Race by Countries Afghanistan Pashtun 44%, Tajik 25%, Hazara 10%, Uzbek 8%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians (1989 est.) Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua and Barbuda black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian Argentina European (mostly of Spanish and Italian descent) 97%, other (mostly Indian or mestizo) 3% Armenia Armenian 93%, Russian 2%, Azeri 1%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 4% (2002). Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia Australia Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal (353,000) and other 1% Austria German 88%, non-nationals 9.3% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma), naturalized 2% Azerbaijan Azeri 90%, Dagestani 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2%, other 2.3% (1998 est.). Note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region

59. Bibliographie indigenous Trade and Oxford, 1932; Schapera, I. - The Khoisan peoples of South Les mangbetu (Congo Belge http://gallica.bnf.fr/VoyagesEnAfrique/Biblio/T_Bibliographie.htm

Bibliographie CATALOGUES ET BIBLIOGRAPHIES ETUDES GENERALES ETUDES PAR AIRES GEOGRAPHIQUES ETUDES PARTICULIERES ... CORPUS COMPLEMENTAIRE CATALOGUES ET BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1. Catalogues Catalogue de l'histoire de l'Afrique. Bouchot, H. - Le Cabinet des Estampes de la Bibliothèque Nationale. - s.d. Fierro, A. - Fierro, A.- . - Zug, Switzerland : Inter documentation C°, 1971-1976.- 3 vol. : vol. 1, Archives ; vol.2, Bibliothèques ; vol.3, Index 2, Bibliothèque nationale .- München : K.G. Saur, 1984 2. Bibliographies Boucher de la Richarderie, G. - Bibliothèque universelle des voyages , ou - Treuttel et Würz, 1806-1808.- 6 vol. Brasseur, P. - Brasseur, P. - Bruel, G. - . - E. Larose, 1914 Colonialism in Africa : 1870-1960. A bibliographical guide to colonialism in sub-saharan Africa / Duignan, P. ; Gann, L.-H. eds.-.- Cambridge ; London : University Press, 1973 Fumagalli, G. - Bibliografica Ethiopic. Catalogo descrittivo e ragionato degli scritti pubblicati dalla invenzione della stampa fino a tutto il 1891 intorno alla Etiopia e regioni limitrofe. - Milano : U. Hoepli, 1893

60. The Colonial State and to gain military superiority over the indigenous population of Once they conquered a people, the Chokwe rapidly assimilated them V.The Zandé and mangbetu. http://www.congo2000.net/english/history/kingdom.html

The Former Kingdoms The western bantou are at the origin of more Ancient kingdoms in Democratic Republic of Congo, the most known is the Kongo kingdom (15th century) and the other one is probably the Kuba kingdom (17th century). The oriental bantou began with the kingdoms Luba (16th century) and Lunda (17th century). The Kongo, Lunda, Luba, and Kuba state systems shared certain common features, I.The Kongo kingdom The Kongo Kingdom was the first state on the west coast of Central Africa to come into contact with Europeans. Portuguese sailors under Diogo Cao landed at the mouth of the Congo River in 1482 . Cao traveled from Portugal to Kongo and back several times during the 1480s, bringing missionaries to the Kongo court and taking Kongo nobles to Portugal in 1485. In the 1490s, the king of Kongo asked Portugal for missionaries and technical assistance in exchange for ivory and other desirable items, such as slaves and copperwares a relationship, ultimately detrimental to the Kongo, which continued for centuries. Competition over the slave trade had repercussions far beyond the boundaries of Kongo society. Slave-trading activities created powerful vested interests among both Africans and foreigners; the Portuguese and later the Dutch, French, British, and Arabs.

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