61. E-STREAMS Vol. 6, No. 2 - February 2003 areas of paleontology as a science. In this manner, Cohen interweaves questionsand issues like plot threads, swinging away from mammoths from time to time http://www.e-streams.com/es0602/es0602_2329.htm

E-STREAMS Vol. 6, No. 2 - February 2003 Paleontology Fate of the Mammoth: Fossils, Myth, and History , by Claudine Cohen, translated by William Rodarmor, foreword by Stephen Jay Gould. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2002. 297p., illus., bibliog., index. ISBN 0-226-11292-6 [ GOBI 2 ]. $30.00. LC Call no.: QE882.P8C6413 2002. Subjects: Mammoths. Reviewer: Peter Hepburn, Visiting Circulation Librarian/Visiting Instructor, University of Illinois at Chicago Daley Library, phepburn@uic.edu Table of Contents: Part I. Images The Mammoth Appears 1 Part II. Myths Saint Augustine and the Giants 23 Leibniz's Unicorn 41 Identifying and Elephant 61 Part III. Stories The "Vast Mahmount and the Birth of the American Nation 85 the Mammoth and the Revolutions of the Surface of the Globe 105 The Mammoth in Victorian Times 125 Of Mammoths and Men 144 The Mammoth in the Trees 167 From Africa to Alaska 190 Cloning the Mammoth 211 Life and Death of Mammoths 229 Conclusion: the Future of Paleontology 249 Notes 255 Bibliography 279 Index 291 Claudine Cohen's work, now translated into English, has the semblance of a novel, and a good one at that. Using the mammoth as her central character, in a sense, she traces not simply the theories of its existence, but the existence and evolution of paleontology itself.

62. Evolution -- Paleontology & Fossil Record fossils from the research collections in the Division of Invertebrate paleontology. mammoths,Mastodons and Sabertooths This exhibit shows ice sheets waxing http://members.aol.com/darwinpage/paleontology.htm

Main Science htmlAdWH('7002737', '234', '60'); and Evolution Links to our Past News of the Present Insight for the Future Alfred R. Wallace © Linnean Society of London OR Select Any page Listed Here. Abiogenesis Cell Biology Essays Homework Aids ... Zoology Paleontology The Fossil Record of Life Note: Authorities differ as to precise time boundaries between geologic periods. Eon Era Period Epoch While this page is about paleontology and fossils, it is also inseparably connected to geology and plate tectonics. It is impossible to understand the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of ancient life on this planet without having at least a basic knowledge of these subjects. In addition, an understanding of radiometric dating is also beneficial, although you will not have to learn much about chemistry and physics to achieve that understanding. This page is divided into two rather long sections. The first section lists all the geologic periods from most recent to most ancient. Wherever possible a series of maps is presented showing the size and position of land areas during each period. Also a small list of links is given for a description of the period and for museum and fossil exhibits related to it. The second section of this page contains a dozen or more broad topics within paleontology with a variety of links to help you explore each subject area. Those links will in turn offer you additional sources of data. A great deal about the fossil record of life is available online to help you learn. But I urge you to read a couple of books and a journal or two and, if possible, to take an introductory course in paleontology. Most colleges and universities offer them, and you can find online course material on this page. This is an exciting time in paleontology. New fossils are being reported almost daily and old, troublesome gaps in the fossil record are rapidly being filled. If you are really interested in being up-to-date subscribe to a paleontological news service.

63. Science & Nature / Evolution / Paleontology Science Nature / Evolution / paleontology. of the Primary Texts by Martin JS RudwickOur Price $18.00 More information, The Call of Distant mammoths Why the http://www.stavar.i.se/bookstore/Sci_Evo_Paleonto.html

1 - 25 of 100 Tyrannosaurus Sue : The Extraordinary Saga of the Largest, Most Fought over T-Rex Ever Found by Steve Fiffer List Price Our Price: You Save: More information The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs by Gregory s Paul(Editor) List Price Our Price: You Save: More information The Two-Mile Time Machine by Richard B. Alley List Price Our Price: You Save: More information Java Man: How Two Geologists Changed the History of Human Evolution by Garniss H. Curtis, et al List Price Our Price: You Save: More information Trilobite : Eyewitness to Evolution by Richard Fortey List Price Our Price: You Save: More information Wonderful Life : The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould List Price Our Price: You Save: More information The New Dinosaurs by William Stout List Price Our Price: You Save: More information T. Rex and the Crater of Doom by Walter Alvarez List Price Our Price: You Save: More information The Great Dinosaur Mystery Solved by Ken Ham, Dan Lietha(Illustrator) Our Price: More information Night Comes to the Cretaceous : Comets, Craters, Controversy, and the Last Days of the Dinosaurs (Harvest Book) by James Lawrence Powell List Price Our Price: You Save: More information The Balance Within: The Science Connecting Health and Emotions by Esther M. Sternberg M.D.

64. UCSC Researcher Wins Top Paleontology Award: 07-13-98 or her career reflects excellence and quality in the science of paleontology. understandthe ecology of Pleistoceneera mammals, such as mammoths and mastodons http://www.ucsc.edu/oncampus/currents/98-99/07-13/paleontology.htm

July 13, 1998 UCSC researcher wins top paleontology award By Tim Stephens Paul Koch The Paleontological Society has bestowed the 1998 Charles Schuchert Award on paleontologist and geochemist Paul Koch, an assistant professor of earth sciences. The Schuchert Award is presented annually to a researcher whose work early in his or her career reflects excellence and quality in the science of paleontology. Koch will formally receive the award October 27 at the Paleontological Society's luncheon at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Toronto. Koch's research involves analyzing the chemical composition of fossils for clues to the biology and ecology of extinct animals. His work also sheds light on prehistoric changes in Earth's climate. In one project, Koch and his coworkers analyze mineral deposits on fossil bones to document changes in the climate on land during a period around 50 to 60 million years ago when most of the modern groups of mammals first appeared. These mineral deposits reveal the oxygen isotope composition of rainfall at the time they were formed, a measurement closely tied to the mean annual temperature. One of the main thrusts of Koch's research is to understand the ecology of Pleistocene-era mammals, such as mammoths and mastodons, in North America. The last appearances of these animals in the fossil record date to around 13,000 years ago. This coincides with a period of rapid climatic shifts at the end of the last ice age. In addition, the first hard evidence for substantial human populations in North America also dates precisely to this period.

65. Books : Science : Biological Sciences : Paleontology Buy Geology Books Magazines, , books Science Biological Sciences paleontology. mammoths,Sabertooths, and Hominids , by Jordi Agusti , Mauricio Anton http://www.crimsonbird.com/cgi-bin/m.cgi?j=geology-13542

66. Animal Park: Meyr's Jurassic Corner - Dinosaur Resources - Paleontology Links, F Tolo Lake mammoths; Utah s Dinosaur Park; Utah Friends of paleontology;Wyoming Dinosaur Center; Zoom Dinosaurs; Dino Fun for kids. HOME. http://www.animalpark.org/jurassic/dinosaur.html

Dinosaur Resources Suggested Links Jurassic Park Institute The Jurassic Foundation Big Horn Basin Foundation BBC's Walking with Dinosaurs ... Dinosaur Journey Fruita CO Dinosaur Magazine Dinosaur National Monument The Dinosauricon DinosaurLand ... Dinosaurier (in German) Dinosaurs in Hawaii Dinosaurs in New Mexico Dinotopia The ABC-TV Series Dinotopia The official James Gurney site Dino Russ's Lair Dinosaur Research Expeditions Montana Dino-Guide The Dinosaur Store Dinosaur Wars - book Dinosaur World Discovery Center of Idaho Dinomania Discovery Channel - Fossil Zone Discovering Dinosaurs from brittanica.com Evolutionary Relationships ... Jurassic Park Official Site Kokoro Dinosaurs Robotic Dinosaurs Museum of the Rockies - Paleontology Department National Museum of Natural History - Dinosaur Exhibits PaleoClones PrehistoricPlanet.com ... at the Field Museum of Natural History T-Rex Tolo Lake Mammoths Utah's Dinosaur Park Utah Friends of Paleontology Wyoming Dinosaur Center ... Dino Fun - for kids HOME EXPERIENCE THE WORLD Primate Projections Universal Studios or Dreamworks SKG . No infringement is intended.

67. »»Reviews For Paleontology«« This little creationist book in disguise as a paleontology book is a dangerous TheCall of Distant mammoths Why the Ice Age Mammals Disappeared. Published in http://www.booksunderreview.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Paleontology

Paleontology Reviews Related Subjects: Amber Art Databases Dinosaurs ... Vertebrates More Pages: Paleontology Page 1 Book reviews for "Paleontology" sorted by average review score: The Amber Forest: A Reconstruction of a Vanished World. Published in Paperback by Princeton Univ Pr (01 November, 2001) Authors: Roberta Poinar and George O., Jr. Poinar Amazon base price: Used price: Buy one from zShops for: Average review score: Amber This book tells of the author's adventures looking for amber as well as facts about it. Applied Factor Analysis in the Natural Sciences Published in Paperback by Cambridge University Press (September, 1996) Authors: Richard A. Reyment and K. G. Jvreskog Amazon base price: Used price: Average review score: a good, but demanding introduction. Dinosaurs! (Carroll, Michael W., Exploring God's World With Michael and Caroline carrolL.) Published in Hardcover by Chariot Victor Pub (June, 2000) Authors: Michael Carroll and Caroline Carroll Amazon base price: List price: that's off! Used price: Buy one from zShops for: Average review score: Christian perspective on dinosaurs w/o propoganda After over a year of seaching, I stumbled onto this book. It's the ONLY one I can find which presents accurate information about dinosaurs from a Christian perspective, without falling into young-earth creationist propoganda. Great pictures and up-to-date scientific data. Appropriate for grades 3 through 5 to read to themselves. Younger children will enjoy the pictures. It's not exactly a "read-to-me" book, however.

68. Books About Paleontology And Fossils - Www.OutdoorEbooks.com mammoths Why the Ice Age Mammals Disappeared by Peter Douglas Ward; CambridgeGuide to Minerals, Rocks and Fossils by AC Bishop; The Canadian paleontology http://ibelgique.ifrance.com/HL-Ebooks/outdoor/fossils.htm

Books about Paleontology and Fossils The Adequacy of the Fossil Record by S. K. Donovan Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods : Development and Evolution, Form, Construction, and Function, Taphonomy, Palaeoecology,... by Federico Oloriz Saez Adventures in the Bone Trade: The Race to Discover Human Ancestors in Ethiopia's Afar Depression by Jon E. Kalb After the Dinosaurs: A Texas Tropical Paradise Recovered at Lake Casa Blanca by James W. Westgate After the Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America by E. C. Pielou The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia by M. J. Benton The Age of Reptiles by Edwin H. Colbert Amazon Pollen Manual and Atlas / Manual e Palinologico Da Amazonia by Paul Colinvaux Amber by Andrew Ross The Amber Book by Lief Brost The Amber Forest: A Reconstruction of a Vanished World [hardcover] by Roberta Poinar The Amber Forest: A Reconstruction of a Vanished World [paperback] by Roberta Poinar American Beginnings: The Prehistory and Palaeoecology of Beringia by Frederick Hadleigh West American Monster: How the Nation's First Prehistoric Creature Became a Symbol of National Identity by Paul Semonin Ammonites [hardcover] by Neale Monks Ammonites [paperback] by Neale Monks

69. South Dakota Tourism -- Travel Information For The Mount Rushmore State A handson experience, the sessions offered in Field paleontology are a wonderful Sinceits discovery in 1974, 52 Columbian and woolly mammoths have been found http://travelsd.com/events/archaeology/paleo.asp

Home Events Archaeology : Current Page archaeology museums Movie Draw, Custer State Park Movie Draw in Custer State Park was aptly named because it was the film site of "How the West was Won" and "A Man Called Horse," to name just a few classics. The archeological richness of the area dates even further back to when prehistoric hunters and gatherers lived among the shelter of the draw's rocks. Tools that have been found here indicate fascinating changes in hunting cultures. Sponsored by the State Historical Society, The Journey Museum and Custer State Park, this project is scheduled for mid-August 2003 to run for approximately two weeks . Volunteers must sign up for a minimum of 10 days Free of charge. C all (605) 394-1936 or email: mike.fosha@state.sd.us for more information. Big Pig Dig, Badlands National Park Sometimes considered the birthplace of the science of vertebrate paleontology, Badlands National Park has a rich source of fossil beds containing such things as three-toed horses, saber-toothed cats, and giant pigs. Even seasoned paleontologists will enjoy the quarter-mile Fossil Exhibit Trail, which proves to be an easy walk with an exceptional view of extinct creatures preserved in the rock. Visitors may join professional paleontologists for the Big Pig Dig

70. Astrobiology Magazine :: Search For Life In The Universe us to a profound paradigm shift now taking place in paleontology rather than combinationof passion and expertise, The Call of Distant mammoths is an http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=Books&file=index&bkid=7

71. Accession 01-243 - Science Service, Records, Circa 1926-1967 QE paleontology mammoths and Mastodons; QE paleontology Dinosaurs;QE paleontology Dinosaurs (Triceratops and other ceratopsians); http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/findingaids/fa01-243.html

Finding Aids to Personal Papers and Special Collections in the Smithsonian Institution Archives Accession 01-243 Science Service, Records, circa DESCRIPTIVE ENTRY Consists of information files on paleontology and paleobiology. Materials include photographs, clippings and articles. Box 1 of 1 QE Paleontology QE Paleontology Fossils QE Paleontology Mammals, Extinct QE Paleontology Fossils QE Paleobotany QE Petrified Forests QE Paleontology Primates QE Paleontology Reptiles QE Paleontology Saber-Tooth Cats QE Paleontology Titanotheres, Etc. QE Paleontology Trilobites QH DNA QE Paleontology Mammals, Fossil (Warm-blooded vertebrates, Smithsonian Institution series) QE Paleontology Mammoths and Mastodons QE Paleontology Dinosaurs QE Paleontology Dinosaurs (Triceratops and other ceratopsians) QE Paleontology Dinosaur Park QE Paleontology Expeditions - Asia (Gobi Desert) QE Paleontology Fossil Footprints QE Paleontology Ground Sloths QE Paleontology Horse - Evolution QE Paleontology La Brea Tar Pits QE Paleontology Insects QE Paleontology Fossil Plants QE Paleontology Fossils, Micro-Fossils

72. Earth Sciences: Paleontology Deep Time; Schindewolf, Otto H. Basic Questions in paleontology; VanRiper, A. Bowdoin Men among the mammoths; Weigelt, Johannes Recent http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Complete/Subjects/55.html

Go back to ... Previous page AAUP Online Go to ... Full text search Excerpts Subject catalogs Subject index ... Series index Books in Earth Sciences: Paleontology from the University of Chicago Press Behrensmeyer, Anna K.: Fossils in the Making Behrensmeyer, Anna K.: Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time Bowler, Peter J.: Life's Splendid Drama Calvin, William H.: A Brain for All Seasons ... Shopping Cart Email questions about this site to WWW team Privacy statement The University of Chicago Press, www.press.uchicago.edu

73. Photo Binbook: "Paleontology" of bones of immense proportions.Kirkus ReviewsScientific paleontology began in arethe fossils of prehistoric mammals—in particular, mammoths, mastodons, and http://www.binbooks.com/books/photo/i/l/13F16AB769

Photo Binbook Top folder Books Science Evolution ... Paleontology Author: Gregory Popovitch Subject: Paleontology Sort by date Previous Next A Field Guide to Dinosaurs Henry Gee Luis V. Rey Published by Barron's Educational Series, Incorporated Format: Paperback ISBN: Pub. Date: February 2003 $17.47 at Amazon.com $18.71 at ecampus.com $24.95 at Powell's Books check used book prices After the Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America E. C. Pielou Published by University of Chicago Press Format: Paperback ISBN: Pub. Date: August 1992 $16.88 at ecampus.com $20.46 at Amazon.co.uk $22.50 at Powell's Books check used book prices Bones of Contention: A Creationist Assessment of the Human Fossils Marvin L. Lubenow Published by Baker Books Format: Paperback ISBN: Pub. Date: December 1992 $13.29 at Amazon.com $14.24 at ecampus.com $18.99 at Powell's Books check used book prices Cambridge Guide to Minerals, Rocks and Fossils This new edition of a classic reference work has been completely revised, updated and redesigned, with new extended introductory sections and appendices. An invaluable handbook for amateur collectors and specialists alike, this book is small and compact enough to carry in the pocket or backpack. From The CriticsBooknewsThis detailed but accessible book is written for anybody with an interest in geology or paleontology. The compact design, filled with color photographs, is designed to be used in the field, for the identification of material found. Includes a short introduction on proper technique for collecting and housing specimens, with attention paid to safe practices. Where appropriate, technical information is given, including chemical composition, cleavage, hardness and likely location (the last is important for fossils). Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

74. 64th Annual Meeting Of The Society Of Vertebrate Paleontology 64th Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate paleontology November 36, 2004 atthem and discuss the evidence regarding human hunting of these mammoths. http://www.vertpaleo.org/meetings/fieldtrips_2004.htm

Important Information Currency: US dollars Intl. currency converter Denver Weather 2004 Program Committee 2004 Host Committee ... Meeting Homepage Meeting Information 64th Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology November 3-6, 2004 Denver, CO All field trips will be held on Tuesday, Nov. 2, and will depart from and return to the Adam's Mark Hotel Denver. Weather can be unpredictable so attendees should wear field shoes and warm clothing. Collecting samples will not be allowed on any of the trips. I. The K-T Boundary in the Denver Basin In 2000, the Denver Museum of Nature and Science discovered an exposure of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary that contains the iridium- and shocked mineral-bearing impact layer. This site is the first intact boundary layer found in the Denver Basin and is located only an hour from downtown Denver. The site is located on the west bank of West Bijou Creek, approximately 35 miles east of downtown Denver on property managed by the Plains Conservation Center. The site exposes 40 meters of strata with the K-T boundary visible near the middle of the section. Fieldtrip attendees can expect to see the K-T boundary impact layer, volcanic tuff beds above and below the layer, Cretaceous vertebrate fossils, and Paleocene fossil leaves. Travel will be by motor coach. Bag lunches will be provided.

75. Paleontology Geological Time Periods: New & Used Books: Find The Lowest Price in Europe By Jordi Agusti, Mauricio Anton Hardcover / April 2002 / 0231116403 BooksSimilar to mammoths, Sabertooths Geology paleontology of the Mioce http://www.fetchbook.co.uk/Paleontology_Geological_Time_Periods.html

About Bookmark Recommend Us Enhance Your Site ... Help Keyword Title Author ISBN Searched in books for Paleontology Geological Time Periods More than titles matched your search. Search took seconds. In the Blink of an Eye By Andrew Parker Hardcover / March 2003 / 0738206075 Books Similar to In the Blink of an Eye Compare Prices Book Reviews By Hannah Bonner Library Binding / March 2004 / 079226326X Books Similar to When Bugs Were Big, Plants Were Str... Compare Prices Book Reviews After the Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America By E. C. Pielou Paperback / August 1992 / 0226668126 Books Similar to After the Ice Age: The Return of Li... Compare Prices Book Reviews By John A. Long

76. Paleontology: New & Used Books: Find The Lowest Price Searched in books for paleontology. mammoths, Sabertooths Hominids 6 ComparePrices, mammoths, Sabertooths Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian http://www.fetchbook.info/search_Paleontology/startFrom_9.html

About Bookmark Recommend Us Enhance Your Site ... Help Keyword Title Author ISBN Searched in books for Paleontology More than titles matched your search. Search took seconds. By Ian Wilson Paperback / March 2004 / 0312319711 Books Similar to Before the Flood: The Biblical Floo... Compare Prices Book Reviews By Tom Koppel Hardcover / June 2003 / 0743453573 Books Similar to Lost World: Rewriting Prehistory ... Compare Prices Book Reviews By Donald R. Prothero William A. Berggren Hardcover / April 1992 / 0691087385 Books Similar to Compare Prices Book Reviews By Hannah Bonner Library Binding / March 2004 / 079226326X Books Similar to When Bugs Were Big, Plants Were Str...

77. Paleontology At Bookdigger.com Buy Basic paleontology Now! mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids by Jordi Agusti, MauricioAnton (Hardcover ) mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids by Jordi Agusti http://www.bookdigger.com/science_books/p/Paleontology/index3.htm

Search All Products Electronics Books Classical Music DVD Kitchen Popular Music Software Toys VHS Video Video Games Enter Keywords: More Books ArcDVD Photography PictureFrames Kids SpyCams Flash Card Readers ... Travel Books Related Sites Science Toys Science Fiction Science Magazines Science News ... Help Paleontology Science Books Buy the most popular and in-stock Paleontology and related Science Books at this web site! Select from 742 Paleontology items available to buy in our Science Books store as of 6-8-2004. Click the "Buy it Now" button to purchase a book. Click the "More Info" button for reviews, more information, and book details. Thank you for shopping at our store! Home Science Books The Wisdom of the Bones : In Search of Human Origins by Alan Walker (Author), Pat Shipman (Author) (Paperback ) List Price: $14.00 Available from Amazon Sudden Origins : Fossils, Genes, and the Emergence of Species by Jeffrey H. Schwartz (Author) (Hardcover ) Available from Amazon Basic Paleontology by Michael J. Benton, et al (Paperback - August 1997)

78. Woolly Mammoths Woolly mammoths Mammuthus Primigenius. A mammoth is any of a number of an extinct genus of elephant, often with long curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair. http://www.crystalinks.com/wooleyanimals.html

Woolly Mammoths - Mammuthus Primigenius A mammoth is any of a number of an extinct genus of elephant, often with long curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair. They inhabited the northern regions of the world, in Europe, northern Asia, and North America. Many types of mammoth lived in temperate and northern climes: the frozen remains of woolly mammoths have been found in the northern parts of Siberia. Frozen mammoth corpses, when removed from the ice, often prove remarkably fresh: dogs accompanying the finders sometimes ate the flesh. There have been proposals to clone freshly defrosted mammoths in order to revive the species. In addition to occasional frozen mammoths, large amounts of mammoth ivory were found in Siberia, and were an article of trade for many centuries. It is a common misconception that mammoths were much larger than modern elephants, an error that has led to "mammoth" being used as a adjective meaning "very big". The largest known species, the Imperial Mammoth of California, reached heights of at least 4 meters at the shoulder. However, most species of mammoth were about as large as a modern Indian elephant, and fossils of a species of dwarf mammoth have been found on remote islands off the east coast of Siberia.

79. Mastodons, Ancestors Of Elephants - Suite101.com Related Subject(s) Mastodon , mammoths , Proboscidea, Fossil As I http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/4003/28213

Topics Articles Links Courses DIRECTORY COMMUNITIES BOOK CIRCLE SUITE U ... MY SUITE Search Suite101.com Within: Paleontology Environment Search The Web Member Central Join Our Community! Login What's New Become a SuiteU Affiliate ... MemberUpdate Suite University About Suite University Suite University News Visit the University Course Listing ... FREE Demo Course New Topics Parenting Babies and Toddlers Views of a Young Appalachian Woman SpiritWell Travel Book Reviews ... More... Suite Events Teacher Appreciation Event 2004 Family Focus 2004 In Tune With Johann Sebastian Bach More about Suite101 About Suite101.com Advertise With Suite For more information - Select a related topic - Aquatic Animals Arctic Wildlife Backyard Birdwatching Alm Birding Ecology Living With Nature Living with Wildlife Lizards, Turtles and Snak Massachusetts Natural His Microbiology Natural Horsemanship Paleontology Science of the Sky Snails and Shells Water for Life Wild Cats Wildlife Wildlife News and Humor - Select a related course - Ecological Gardening: Org Environmental affairs - G Environmental Health Issu Inspecting For Wildlife D Our National Wildlife Tre Trap-Neuter-Return: Manag Visit Environment Detailed Topic List Home Science and mathematics ... Paleontology; Paleozoology

80. Introduction To The Proboscidea Introduction to the Proboscidea. Elephants, mammoths, Mastodons Elephants, mammoths, Mastodons. There are only two species of Proboscidea alive today the Indian elephant (Elephas http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mesaxonia/proboscidea.html

Introduction to the Proboscidea Elephants, Mammoths, Mastodons There are only two species of Proboscidea alive today: the Indian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) and the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana Proboscideans, like hyraxes and embrithopods , evolved and diversified in Africa during the Paleogene. The oldest proboscidean is a meter-high unnamed animal from the Lower Eocene of Algeria (Mahboubi et al. 1984). Throughout the Upper Eocene and the Oligocene, extensive fossils of large proboscideans are known. During the Miocene , proboscidean groups emigrated to most other continents, becoming a widespread and important group until the extinction of most species in the Pleistocene. Elephants are sometimes called pachyderms , a term that also applies to rhinos and hippos, and refers to their thick skin. These other pachyderms are not closely related to the elephants, however. Rhinos are perissodactyls , related to horses, and hippos are artiodactyls , related to pigs and camels. In addition to their unique morphology, modern elephants are unusual among mammals in two key respects of their social structure. Firstly, they have a matriarchal social structure, in which herds consist of related females led by the oldest among them. Males tend to be solitary, but may come together in small herds. Secondly, baby elephants are given care and guidance for several years longer than most other mammals. During this time members of the herd may care for the babies, regardless of which is the mother.

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