1. Africa Indigenous People Baule africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Kwere Laka Lega Lobi Luba Luchazi Luluwa Lunda Luvale Lwalwa Maasai Makonde mambila Mangbetu Manja http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_baule.htm

Baule Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA - Baule "One of the Akan group sharing similar language and, in general, matrilineal inheritance. They broke away from the Asante of Ghana in the 18th century, bringing with them craftsmanship in gold and gold leaf decoration." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/baule/welcome.html Baule People "The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions." You will find material related to history, culture, religion, political structure, art and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Baule.html

2. MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: PEOPLES (by Boomie O.) NATIONAL PLEDGE. MOTTO. peoples. POPULATION. RELIGION IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. Yoruba Nigerian Galleria mambila Info Art Life in africa. mambila Ethnologue Nigeria http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/people.html

PEOPLES SITE AWARDS NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS SEND FREE WEBCARD IMMIGRATION ... SCAM INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO THE GEOGRAPHY LOCATION MAP RIVERS PATRIOTIC STUFF FLAG COAT OF ARMS NATIONAL ANTHEM NATIONAL PLEDGE MOTTO PEOPLES POPULATION RELIGION -CHRISTIANITY -ISLAM -TRADITIONAL -INFLUENCE ETHNIC GROUPS -YORUBA -IBO (or IGBO) -OTHERS LANGUAGES -YORUBA ALPHABET -HAUSA ALPHABET -LINKS TO OTHERS LANGUAGE RESOURCES -GENERAL RESOURCES -YORUBA RESOURCES -IBO RESOURCES -HAUSA RESOURCES -OTHERS MORE ON LANGUAGES -NUMBERS -PEOPLE -BODY PARTS -HOUSE PARTS -PLACES -OTHER WORDS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES YORUBA NAMES -THE NAMING CEREMONY -COMMON PARTS -CIRCUMSTANTIAL NAMES IGBO NAMES HAUSA NAMES LINKS ON NAMES THE WEDDING MARRIAGE TIDBITS FAMILY TIDBITS OTHER SOURCES FOODS AND DRINKS INTRO SOME MEALS SOME DRINKS RECIPES RECIPES LINKS BUYING (ingredients and food) DINING (restaurants) HEALTHCARE TRADITIONAL HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH POLICY INFO FOR TRAVELERS OTHER LINKS HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EDUCATION SCHOOL LANGUAGES SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL ATTIRE SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LINKS HOLIDAYS FESTIVALS ATTIRE TRANSPORTATION AIR LAND WATER SPORTS SPORTS PLAYED SPORTS HISTORY RECORDS SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS SITES ON SPORTS THE ARTS ART LITERATURE MEDIA -RADIO -TELEVISION -INTERNET JUJU MUSIC FUJI MUSIC AFRO-BEAT MUSIC OTHER MUSIC TYPES OTHER SITES WITH SAMPLES

3. Africa South Of The Sahara - Culture And Society An annotated guide to internet resources on african culture and society. architecture, Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and her course peoples and Cultures of africa has information Virtual Institute of mambila Studies. The Institute "seeks http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/culture.html

Topics Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Individual Countries Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography), cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact: redazione@africaemediterraneo.it [KF] http://www.africaemediterraneo.it Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds Extensive site for the traveling art exhibit from the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

4. Internet African History Sourcebook any one of these peoples or societies as more in africa At University of Kent Selected readings and mambila case material not exist in the indigenous world. That does http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/africa/africasbook.html

Halsall Home Ancient History Sourcebook Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: East Asian Indian Islamic Jewish ... Science Internet African History Sourcebook Africa is both the most clearly defined of continents - in its geography - and the hardest to pin down in historical terms. Human beings originated in Africa and, as a result, there is more diversity of human types and societies than anywhere else. It is not possible, in any non-ideological way, to claim any one of these peoples or societies as more essentially "African" than others; nor is it possible to exclude a given society as "not really African". On this site historical sources on the history of human societies in the continent of Africa are presented, when available, without making prejudgements about what is "African". This page is a subset of texts derived from the three major online Sourcebooks listed below. For more contextual information, for instance about the Islamic world, check out these web sites. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Internet Medieval Sourcebook Internet Modern History Sourcebook Notes: In addition to direct links to documents, links are made to a number of other web resources.

5. Internet Links To Africa peoples of africa. This page is designed for use mathematical concepts embedded in indigenous cultures. Learn about math archival information on the mambila of the Cameroon Nigerian http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/Africa.html

Peoples of Africa This page is designed for use of student in ANTH 3537/5537 Peoples of Africa to explore Africa on the net. I am continuing to update it as I discover new and interesting sites. Notices Check out Ellen Chamberlain's, Bare Bones 101: A Basic Tutorial on Searching the Web . Ellen is the head librarian at the University of South Carolina at Beaufort. Students are invited to attend the Conference of the National Asssocations of African American Studies, Hispanic and Latino Studies, Native Amercian Studies and the International Association of Asian Studies Student Presentations East African Witchcraft , Mary Cubberly Chinua Achebe, Mary Cubberly Photographs Smithsonian Museum African Art Hats Off! Exhibit of Personal Headgear Chinua Achebe Overivew from Brown University Ibo culture link , explains osu concept Nchetaka : The Story, Memory and Continuity of Igbo Culture The 1994 Ahiajoku Lecture by Prof. Emmanuel Obiechinna The 'Caste System' in Nigeria , Democratization and Culture: Socio-political and Civil Rights implications Ethnography Studies and Research Materials Africa Focus : Sights and Sonds of a Continuent from the University of Wisconsin at Madison OLATS/Virtual Africa . Multicultural and interdisciplinary project focused on the cultural and scientific contexts of water. African Mathematics .Ethnomathematics discovers the mathematical concepts embedded in indigenous cultures. Learn about math in pre-colonial Nigeria, play mancala online, discover the principles of geometry forund in African art and more.

6. Cultural Anthropology The Virtual Institute of mambila Studies mambila people of the Nigeria Cameroon Ethno-Net africa; Location of Arctic indigenous peoples; Total and http://www.cyberpursuits.com/anthro/cultural.asp

CyberPursuits Main Page Cultural Anthropology Physical Anthropology Linguistics Ethnomusicology General Anthropology Books Organizations Software Search Film and Photography Academic Museums and Libraries Art and Posters Buy Anthropology Art and Prints Books Videos DVD Magazines Search by keywords: Free counters provided by Andale. The links on this web site are provided for reference purposes. CyberPursuits has no control over the content of off-site links and cannot be held responsible for any harm real or perceived incurred as a result of launching to another site through a URL located on this Web site. Cultural Anthropology All links leave the site and open a new window Kinship and Social Organization, Tutorial A Kinship Glossary: Symbols, Terms, and Concepts Symbolic Anthropology Cultural Anthropology ... The Virtual Institute of Mambila Studies Mambila people of the Nigeria - Cameroon borderland Cultural Display and the Construction of Ethnic Identities in a Contemporary Independent Church: The Apostolic Revelation Society (ARS) of Ghana Women of Bum, their Lives and Representation - lives of the Bum women in the Grassfields of Cameroon Ethno-Net Africa Location of Arctic Indigenous Peoples Total and indigenous populations of the Arctic by Arctic area of each country The Nenets and Khanty of Yamal Peninsula ... Ethnographic Study of Keetoowah Women (Native American) The Native Trail - First Nations and Inuit in Quebec Innu Nation - Canada Locating Identities in the Diaspora: Perspectives on Remigration among Second Generation Greek Canadians The Russian Church and Native Alaskan Cultures History of the Native People of Canada Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People of Southern Alaska ... The Tekesta Taino Tribal Band of Bimini, Florida

7. LTC Library Acquisitions - April, May, June 1999 - Articles, Africa And The Midd The marginalization of indigenous peoples from tribal lands in southeast Madagascar Land crisis on the mambila plateau of Nigeria, West africa." ( In Journal of Biogeography, 252 http://ltcweb.ltc.wisc.edu/afar9902.html

RECENT LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS APRIL, MAY, JUNE 1999 ARTICLES - AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Region Adams, Martin, Sipho Sibanda, and Stephen Turner. "Land tenure reform and rural livelihoods in southern Africa." (Special issue of : Natural resouce perspectives, 39, 1999, p. 1-12) Steenbock Library Periodical Also available on the Internet: http://www.odi.org.uk/nrp/39.html Boyd, Charlotte, et al. "Reconciling interests among wildlife, livestock and people in eastern Africa : a sustainable livelihoods approach." (Special issue of : Natural resouce perspectives, 45, 1999, p. 1-4) Steenbock Library Periodical Also available on the Internet: http://www.odi.org.uk/nrp/45.html Ciparisse, Gerard. "Access a la terre pour tous en Afrique noire : une utopie?" (In: Land reform, land settlement and cooperatives , 2, 1998, p. 44-55) Steenbock Library Documents Collection: FAO LRSC Also available on the Internet: http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/LTdirect/landrf.htm Firmin-Sellers, K., and P. Sellers. "Expected failures and unexpected successes of land titling in Africa." (In:

8. African Studies - Education And Teaching Resources african indigenous Science and Knowledge Systems Page peoples Cultures of africa" Undergraduate Course at Washington The Virtual Institute of mambila Studies seeks to collate http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/Africa/teaching.html

Education and Teaching Resources on Africa General Education and Outreach African Diaspora Art, Film, and Music Conferences on Africa ... United States Government Agencies General Education and Outreach Africa (PBS Online, Public Broadcasting Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia) Promotional site for "Africa" the 8 part television series co-produced by WNET/Thirteen's Nature and The National Geographic Society, which begins airing in September 2001. The site includes excerpted texts, photos, "teacher tools", and other resources. See also, the National Geographic website below. Africa Access Review (Brenda Randolph, Silver Spring, Maryland) A bibliographic database of children's Africana reviews, compiled between 1989 and 1999 by a middle school librarian who is very active in developing teaching and other outreach resources for the study of Africa. See also, Randolph's AFROPHILE below. "Africa Connects: Education in the Internet Age, Cape Town, South Africa, 10-13 July 2001 (Western Cape Schools' Network, SchoolNet SA, International Education and Resource NetworkI*EARN, and the University of Cape Town) General conference information, call for papers, and registration.

9. Web Page Roger Blench (Africa, Languages, Biodiversity, Ethnoscience) Conservation/MultiAgency Partnerships/indigenous Ecological Knowledge Fulani relations with the Samba and mambila peoples. in Muslim peoples (ed. 2). Westview http://homepage.ntlworld.com/roger_blench/Personal Website.htm

ROGER BLENCH Personal Web Site CONTACT DETAILS Roger Blench Mallam Dendo Guest Road Cambridge United Kingdom Voice/ Answerphone /Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk This page last updated: Wednesday, 30 July 2003 Website Guide 1. Professional Activities Relating to Development Professional Activities 2. Academic Career Academic Career 3. Publications Publications Published papers Papers Books Books Papers in Press Papers in Press Documents posted electronically Posted Electronically Unpublished documents Unpublished Documents Reports Reports Websites Websites 4. New Benue-Congo Comparative Wordlist Contents Page 5. Unpublished Field Materials Unpublished Field Materials 6. Hot off the press Hot off the press 7. Recent and projected travel, contact details etc. Movement Schedule 8. Images Images PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY Full Name: Roger Marsh Blench Date of Birth: 1st August, 1953 Marital Status: Single Academic Titles: M.A., Ph.D University of Cambridge Present Occupation: Research Fellow, Overseas Development Institute

10. Anthropology Internet Page Middle East North africa Internet Resource Guide research focused on the mambila people of the and curing practices of indigenous peoples, both prehistoric and http://wwwsju.stjohns.edu/library/staugustine/anthropo.html

Anthropology Databases: Journal Storage (JSTOR) Contents Anthropology Resources General Archaeology Ethnomusicology Indigenous Peoples ... Links to Other Libraries Visits to this page since 6/25/01: FastCounter by bCentral Compiled by: Jay Bernstein, Ph.D. Related Areas: Biological Sciences e-Books/e-Texts Environmental Studies Geography and Earth Sciences ... Theology and Religious Studies Anthropology Resources General American Anthropological Association Homepage News; announcements of job openings and meetings; information about minority issues, ethics, and government affairs; and resources. Ancient MesoAmerican Civilizations Primary groups covered here are the Mayan, Mixtec, Zapotec, and Aztec. (University of Minnesota) ANTHAP: The Applied Anthropology Computer Network Resources for anthropologists as professional consultants to industry, government, and education. Includes working papers, guidelines, FAQ, discussion channels, etc. Anthropological Index Online Searchable index to current periodicals in the Museum of Mankind Library (incorporating the former Royal Anthropological Institute Library). Anthropology in the News Collection of news reports on anthropological issues.

11. Anthropology Links A version of a mambila transcript with Australia Abwenzi african Studies africa and Environs Pueblo Cultural Center indigenous peoples Archives indigenous http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/anthro.html

Anthropology Cartography Biology Chemistry ... Random Site Anthropology is the study of humans, here are some links: University of Arizona's American Indian Studies Programs A Graphical list of all Data Centers in the World A version of a Mambila transcript with digitized recordings Aboriginal Programs Section ... WSU Friends of Palestine Home Page Anthropology Cartography Biology Chemistry Genetics ... Random Site Part of the CrazyLinks pages. Updated 11/21/97 by clh Not a publication of Phoenix College.

12. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Society - Social Science - Anthropolo the history and culture of this indigenous group from Archive/meeks.html Study of the mambila peoples of the groups in this region of africa, located between http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=557788

13. African Studies - Education And Teaching Resources Geography, Maps, and Science African indigenous Science and take a broad view of mambila, including other and action networks between the peoples and scholars http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/teaching.html

Education and Teaching Resources on Africa General Education and Outreach African Diaspora Art, Film, and Music Conferences on Africa ... United States Government Agencies General Education and Outreach Africa (PBS Online, Public Broadcasting Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia) Promotional site for "Africa" the 8 part television series co-produced by WNET/Thirteen's Nature and The National Geographic Society, which begins airing in September 2001. The site includes excerpted texts, photos, "teacher tools", and other resources. See also, the National Geographic website below. Africa Access Review (Brenda Randolph, Silver Spring, Maryland) A bibliographic database of children's Africana reviews, compiled between 1989 and 1999 by a middle school librarian who is very active in developing teaching and other outreach resources for the study of Africa. See also, Randolph's AFROPHILE below. "Africa Connects: Education in the Internet Age, Cape Town, South Africa, 10-13 July 2001 (Western Cape Schools' Network, SchoolNet SA, International Education and Resource NetworkI*EARN, and the University of Cape Town) General conference information, call for papers, and registration.

14. Index00 Gosselain, Olivier P. La poterie en pays mambila (Cameroun) 113. Cloth, Dress, and Art Patronage in africa. indigenous peoples and the Legacy of Perestroika. http://www.anthropos-journal.de/index00/body_index00.htm

INDEX 2000 AUTHOR INDEX GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX Articles Africa ... Oceania AUTHOR INDEX Articles Battesti, Vincent: Les échelles temporelles des oasis du Jérid tunisien 419 Bednarik, Robert G.: Crossing the Timor Sea by Middle Palaeolithic Raft 37 Blust, Robert: The Origin of Dragons 519 DasGupta, Sudipta: Prehistoric Context of Mayurbhanj District of Orissa (India) 485 Dilley, Roy M.: The Question of Caste in West Africa with Special Reference to Tukulor Craftsmen 149 Dinslage, Sabine, Rudolf Leger, and Anne Storch: Space and Gender. Cultural Limitations of Space in Two Communities of Northeastern Nigeria 121 Droz, Yvan: L'ethos du mûramati kikuyu. Schème migratoire, différenciation sociale et individualisation au Kenya 87 Frieß, Michaela: Die europäische Kultivierung einer südseeinsulanischen Tradition. Tätowierung als Kennzeichnung individualisierter sexueller, kultureller und nationaler Identität 167 Ganzer, Burkhard: Kulturelle Distanz und "ethnographic refusal". Zur Ethnographie iranischer Nomadengesellschaften 65 Giessen, Hans W.:

15. Why Words Are Biotic November 1996 I returned to the mambila region through the Congo basin to East africa, and the carried out a cross mapping of indigenous peoples’ loca­tions http://www.swaraj.org/shikshantar/bioticwords.htm

From Down to Earth , December 31, 2002 Why Words Are Biotic: Knowledges Vanish When Languages Die When metaphors die, ideas pass away and a way of thinking is buried,” says Sakar Khan. He is not a lin­guist. He is a musician. He plays the khamaicha — a four-string instru­ment. Somewhere in his eighties, he is arguably the most revered of the musicians in his tribe — the langas of Rajasthan. Reticently he shares his feelings, “I see today’s generation ignore the khamaicha. I can’t help it. Music, like language, can provide only a metaphor for a way of life. When people lose a way of life, their language struggles to survive.” In a similar vein, linguists remember Tefvik Esenc, the last speaker of Ubykh, a language once spoken in the northwestern Caucasus. Some years ago they scampered to his village of Haci Osman in Turkey to meet him. He had three sons, all of them unable to understand his tongue, preferring Turkish instead. He had already decided upon his epitaph. “This is the grave of Tefvik Esenc. He was the last person able to speak the language they called Ubykh.” He died in 1992. The language passed away with him. Then there is what linguist Bruce Connel recorded in a newsletter of the UK Foundation for Endangered Languages, under the heading ‘obituaries’. “During fieldwork in the Mambila region of Cameroon’s Adawawa region in 1994-95,1 came across a number of moribund languages. . . one of these, Kasabe.. .had only one remaining speaker, Bogon. In November 1996 I returned to the Mambila region. Bogon had died on November 5, 1995 taking Kasabe with him. He is sur­vived by a sister, who reportedly could understand Kasabe, but not speak it, and several children and grandchi1dren none of whom know the language.”

16. Africa-Related Links Worldwide - African Studies @ The University Of Wisconsin-M with special emphasis on the peoples of the Virtual Institute of mambila Studies; WARCCROA Home africa s Science and indigenous Knowledge Systems; africa2Go.com http://africa.wisc.edu/links/big-list.htm

Africa-Related Links Worldwide African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Quick Site Guide Program Information Events Calendar Opportunities in African Studies Worldwide Outreach ... Return to ASP Home Africa News Abyz News Links - Africa - Newspapers and News Sources Addis Tribune Home Page Africa News Online Africa Online: Newsstand ... Barka da Zuwa . News from Nigeria. . Real Audio broadcast available. CNN Interactive - World Regions: Africa Daily Nation on the Web . Kenyan newspaper's website. The Daily News (Zimbabwe) Ghanaian Newsrunner The Guardian . Nigerian independent newspaper. Inkpot News Links: Africa Jornal de Angola Kiosken . Links to newspapers around the world. The Liberian Post Le Marabout - mensuel satirique africain MediaChannel Africa Mediacoop - Mozambican news. Mozambique News Mozambique News Agency (AIM) Nigeria Nexus United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks ... Washingtonpost.com: Africa . Might require you answer a few anonymous questions. Zambian Post Zimbabwe Today Africa-Related Listservers' Homepages Af-Aids Archive AfrGrad-L Archives of Namaskar-Africana-L . East African Asian Diaspora. H-AfrArts Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page H-Afrlitcine Home Page H-AfrTeach , another of the H-Net lists. There has been little active discussion on the list to date but the site is structured to provide suggestions and model lesson plans, unit outlines, course syllabi, resource lists and bibliographies.

17. Africa Draft pastoralism and sedentarization in the mambila grasslands of Meillassoux (ed.), The Development of indigenous Trade and Mair, L., peoples of africa, chapters 5 http://www.kent.ac.uk/anthropology/courses/undergrad/SE512/1998.html

AFRICAN SOCIETIES Michaelmas and Lent Terms Course Convenor: Room: Eliot Extension L31 Dr David Zeitlyn Email d.zeitlyn@ukc.ac.uk Telephone extension: 3360 Other Teachers: Room: Eliot Extension L41 Dr. N I Lovell Email n.i.lovell@ukc.ac.uk Telephone extension: 7845 Location of Lecture: DLT2 (Monday 2.00 p.m.) Location of Seminar: DLT2 (Monday 3.00 p.m.) Number Registered for Course : max 40 Email list for Course : af-anth@ukc.ac.uk Assessment Procedure : You will be assessed by a combination of two essays, a bibliography on one of the topics covered and contributions to the course email list. At the end, a three hour examination is held. Essays etc contribute 10% of all marks, the examination 90%. You must make at least four contributions to the email list which include at least two article summaries (but not including essays and the bibliography which should not be sent to the list). Assignment Requirements : Essays need to be of at least 2000 words, not more than 3000 in length and must be typed Deadlines for Assignments Essays must be handed in to the Departmental Office, L46 Eliot Extension and a receipt obtained as follows: first essay on 18 December 1998 by 3.00 p.m.

18. Se512 Africa in Meillassoux (ed.), The Development of indigenous Trade and and sedentarization in the mambila grasslands of Gibbs, JL (ed.), peoples of africa, Chapters on http://www.kent.ac.uk/anthropology/courses/undergrad/SE512/outline.html

Deadlines for Assignments Week 1. Society, Culture and the Physical Environment (David Zeitlyn) (DZ) Week 2. Stateless Societies: Politics and Social Control (David Zeitlyn) (DZ) Week 3. Hunters and Gatherers (David Zeitlyn) (DZ) ... Week 24. Revision (No lecture, seminars by arrangement) Last Modification date 19/8/03 5:46 PM AFRICAN SOCIETIES SE512 Michaelmas and Lent Terms Course Convenor: Dr David Zeitlyn Room: Eliot Extension L31 Email d.zeitlyn@kent.ac.uk Telephone extension: 3360 Seminar Tutor: Alan Bicker Room: Eliot Extension L40 Email: a.bicker@kent.ac.uk Telephone extension: 3686 Office hours strictly Monday 10-12 am. Other times only by special arrangement. Also lecturing on the course: Dr. John Kesby Number Registered on Course: Max 45 Location of Lecture: DLT2 (Monday 2.00 p.m.) Location of Seminars: EX7 (Monday 10.00 - 11.00am). EX7 (Monday 11.00 - 12.00pm). EX7 (Monday 4.00 - 5pm). Email list for Course: af-anth@kent.ac.uk Assessment Procedure: You will be assessed by a combination of (two analytic notes on relevant readings and a timed essay plus one essay. At the end, a three hour examination is held in which students are required to answer three questions from a choice of twelve. The written examination constitutes 50% of the final mark. Coursework constitutes the other 50%. Of the latter, the essay constitutes 30%, and analytic notes/timed essay (ANs) the other 20%. The lowest mark gained for the analytic notes/ timed essay will be disregarded (see below). Assignment Requirements:

19. Integrating Crops And Livestock In West Africa contain useful semiwild or indigenous trees; these eg Hausa, Kanuri, Borgu, Waja, Kilka, Kaka and mambila. Arable farming peoples like the Kanuri, Hausa, Borgu http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/X6543E/X6543E03.htm

CHAPTER III THE PROGRESSION FROM ARABLE CROPPING TO INTEGRATED CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Current Agricultural Production Systems in West Africa The existing agricultural or farming systems in different ecological zones of West Africa are designed to produce subsistence food, cash sales and materials for local or industrial use. There is no generally accepted classification of farming systems in tropical Africa, but for convenience a classification which is based on intensity of cultivation and/or animal rearing is presented in Table 11. The various production systems are grouped under (i) traditional and transitional systems, and (ii) modern systems and their local adaptations. Traditional and Transitional Agricultural Systems In classical shifting cultivation, the homestead of the farmer is relocated near the cultivated fields after each cultivation phase. In practice the situation varies from where the farmer may never return to the same piece of land to situations where cultivation is repeated on the same plots. This cultivation system is ecologically viable in frontier situations where population density is low and fallow periods are long enough to restore soil fertility. Shifting cultivation in the classical sense has all but disappeared in West Africa and Morgan (1980) reported it to be restricted to parts of Ivory Coast and small areas between Nigeria and Cameroon (Figure 10). Nomadic herding is the extensive animal rearing counterpart of shifting cultivation in the savannah and more arid areas is discussed separately.

20. Pastoralism In The New Millennium The indigenous sheep of Nigeria operation Fulani relations with the Samba and mambila peoples. ed. Contemporary nomadic and pastoral peoples africa and Latin http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y2647E/y2647e18.htm

Bibliography Abbink, J. 1993. Ethnic conflict in the "tribal zone": the Dizi and Suri in southern Ethiopia. Journal of Modern African Studies Abu-Rabia, A. The Negev Bedouin and livestock rearing. Oxford, UK, Berg. Adams, M. When is ecosystem change land degradation? Comments on "land degradation and grazing in the Kalahari" (paper 38c) by Dougill and Cox. Network Paper No. 39e. London, Overseas Development Institute. 1979. The indigenous sheep of Nigeria. World Review of Animal Production, Agrawal, A. The grass is greener on the other side: a study of the Raikas, migrant pastoralists of Rajasthan . London, IIED. 35 pp. Agrawal, A. Greener pastures: politics, markets, and community among a migrant pastoral people . Durham, North Carolina, USA and London, Duke University Press. Ahmed, A.S. Pukthun economy and society: traditional structures and economic development in a tribal society . London, Routledge and Kegan Paul. Ahrens, J.D. Cessation of livestock exports severely affects the pastoralist economy of Somali region . Unpublished report to UNDP Emergencies Unit. Akabwai, D.

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