81. Mamba At Worlds Of Fun | Ride Review You have to stay alert or mamba or Africa s deadliest snake may getthe best of you. mamba Statistics Type of Coaster Hypercoaster. http://www.ultimaterollercoaster.com/coasters/reviews/mamba/

About Us Advertising FAQs Membership ... Site Map Members, Sign-In . Not a member? Register Now You are here: Home Coasters Ride Reviews Mamba MAMBA Worlds of Fun Most people will probably tell you that they hate snakes, but as much as you may dislike them this is one snake you're gonna love. This past spring Worlds of Fun unleashed the deadliest snake of Africa, the Mamba, into the park. Of course, this snake is the roller coaster Mamba , the newest hypercoaster built and designed by D.H. Morgan Manufacturing. Custom made for Worlds of Fun , Mamba is one the fastest, longest and tallest roller coasters in the world. Spanning out more than a mile, following a traditional "out and back" layout, Mamba delivers a mighty bite for those adventurous enough to ride it. From start to finish Mamba keeps riders on the edge of their seats, giving a non-stop thrilling ride. You have to stay alert or Mamba or Africa's deadliest snake may get the best of you. Mamba Statistics Type of Coaster: Hypercoaster Height: 205 feet First Drop: 205 feet Second Drop: 185 feet Top Speed: 75 mph Length: 5,600 feet

82. Ultimate Snakes There were three mambas, each about 2,5 meters long, occupying a heap nectar, pursuingone another in swift, darting flight, seemingly unaware of the snakes. http://www.african-hunter.com/ultimate_snakes.htm

Home Welcome Safari Archives Hunter's Gallery ... Contact Us 24 hours after a puff adder bite on the calf. The patient had restricted blood supply to the foot and the leg has been cut to relieve the severe swelling pressure. Note extensive blistering and swelling. Photo Dr. M. B. Penderton. Puff Adder bite to the hand The Ultimate Field Guide For common Southern African Snakes The Ultimate Field Guide for common Southern African Snakes is a scientific breakthrough in species identification. Chances are you will meet up with snakes while on safari. What do you do: is it poisonous? How do you treat a bite to yourself or a fellow hunter? What if it spat venom in your eyes? In situations like these, you alone may be the only hope your PH has. Know what to do. The Ultimate Field Guide for Common Southern Larger Southern African Snakes will give you all the information you need to deal with the situation. It is a revolutionary world-first development designed to provide superfast, computer-based snake identification. Be Prepared.

83. Figure 5-4.—Corals, Cobras, Kraits, And Mambas. snakebite to erase any doubt as to the victim’s having been envenomated or 512CORAL SNAKE COBRA- ASIA, AFRICA KRAIT- INDIA, SE ASIA mamba- AFRICA HM3f0504 http://www.tpub.com/content/medical/14295/css/14295_224.htm

Click Here to Order this information in Print Click Here to Order this information on CD-ROM ... Click here to make tpub.com your Home Page Page Title: Figure 5-4.—Corals, cobras, kraits, and mambas. Back Up Next tpub.com Updates ... Home Information Categories Administration Advancement Aerographer Automotive ... Back Snakebites Up Next TREATMENT OF SNAKEBITES nonpoisonous snakes have similar coloring, but in the touches the yellow band, and the bands go all the way similarly colored varieties, the bands are only on the American coral snakes: if the skin is broken, give antivenom before envenomation is evidenced by symptoms or findings is introduced into a victim through hollow or grooved that a bitten patient has not necessarily received a dose incident may be severe, they may also be mild or not develop at all. BITE effort should be made to positively identify the culprit, since treatment of a nonpoisonous bite is far simpler and less dangerous to the victim than treatment of a C O N S I D E R A L L S N A K E B I T E S A S EXPERT SOURCE.

84. Snake Tales | Emeralds Of The Rainforest -- West African Green Mamba The mambas are relatives of the cobras and belong to the venomousgroup of snakes known as Elapids. Large, nonhinged fangs, at http://www.lavibora.com/Tales/ZooNews-3rd02.html

EMERALDS OF THE RAINFOREST THE WEST AFRICAN GREEN MAMBA By Jim Campbell The wait was finally over. The announcement came over the airport loudspeaker that American Airlines, Flight 703, from Dallas/Fort Worth, was now landing. Just minutes earlier, the drive from Brownsville to Harlingen seemed to take forever. Would the flight be early? Would I be late? These short trips to the airport always stressed me beyond belief. But now, they were here and safely on the ground. The mambas are relatives of the cobras and belong to the venomous group of snakes known as Elapids. Large, non-hinged fangs, at the front of their mouths, characterize all species in this group. Their venom contains potent neurotoxins and cardiotoxins, which affect the nervous systems of their victims, typically within 30 minutes after envenomation. Bite victims need immediate and thorough anti-venom treatment. Even so, many cases prove fatal, especially in situations where victims are delayed in reaching help, with death resulting from respiratory failure. The green mambas are regarded as significantly less aggressive and less toxic than their cousin, the black mamba, which is considered the most dangerous snake in Africa. And while they never displayed any aggression while in my possession, their 50-gallon enclosures did not do them justice. After a year in my possession, I decided to donate them to the Herpetarium at the Gladys Porter Zoo, where they could be provided a larger living environment and be enjoyed by the public. After conferring with Colette Adams, Curator of Herpetology, she agreed to provide them a new home.

85. CBN Archives - Natural History the body. Putting my free hand down inside the inverted snake bag,I grasped the mamba s head and neck through the sack. The bag http://coloherp.org/cb-news/archive/nature/BlackMamba.php

The Cold Blooded News The Newsletter of the Colorado Herpetological Society Archives Natural History About the Cold Blooded News Most Recent Issue Index of Vol.29, 2002 ... CHS Home Page Mamba Memories by Brett Ridgeway Originally published in "Tales From The Field," in Notes from Noah , the newsletter of the Northern Ohio Association of Herpetologists, Vol.XXVI, No.9, June 30, 1999. As reprinted in the Cold Blooded News , Vol.26, No.10, October 1999. Kenya, East Africa, October 30, 1983. It was a hot October day and my wife, Sonja, and I were returning from our church in the arid bush of northwest Kenya. We were serving as missionaries among the Pokot people, and on many occasions I was fortunate enough to encounter a variety of reptiles on these hour-long excursions. As usual, we had many passengers in our old Land Cruiser. Luka, our Pokot translator, was in the back, along with four Pokot women and some children. As we started up the mountain, Sonja took over the driving while I stood outside on the running board looking for snakes. I was about to make the most exciting capture that I would ever make in my life. I have been interested in snakes since I was about eight years old. Reading every book on the subject, I also caught and kept snakes while growing up. After my surrender to the mission field of Kenya, I came across the book Sun, Sand, and Snakes by Stephen Spawls in our public library. I read through the book at least three times. Still, as exciting as his Kenyan ventures were, it was never believable to me that I would have such experiences. In our two years in Kenya, however, we had many encounters with Forest Cobras, Red Spitting Cobras, African Puff Adders, and a variety of other snakes, as well as a six-foot monitor. More than once I had these encounters on our way to and from our remotely located church.

86. Myths Vs Fact A snake s venom apparatus is a modified saliva gland. It continuously makes venom.Recorded facts show a black mamba striking and fatally envenomating 11 http://mzone.mweb.co.za/residents/net12980/myths.html

MYTH vs FACT MYTH FACT Once a venomous snake has been milked, or if it has just bitten something it is harmless. A snake's venom apparatus is a modified saliva gland. It continuously makes venom. Recorded facts show a black mamba striking and fatally envenomating 11 people within 1 minute. The so-called spitting cobras will spit continuously and produce prodigous quantities of venom Snake charmers make themselves immune by removing the fangs of their snake. Although a fangless snake may temporarily be incapable of inflicting a deep envenomated bite it continuously replaces its fangs throughout its life. Even the scratches left by its other teeth may absorb some of the venom that may drip out while striking - and it may prove fatal If you kill a snake - watch out because it's mate will seek you out and wreak revenge on you. Snakes are solitary animals and have no mate. It is very doubtful if they have a concept of death. You can rest assured that no mate will "seek you out" as it has no way of knowing you killed its "mate" in the first place There exists a snake which grips its tail in its mouth and rolls after you like a hoola-hoop.

87. Manbir Online ... Snake Bite . Eastern Green Mamba It is not an aggressive snake and prefers to hide from danger. They prefer toescape when faced with danger. Eastern Green mamba are found in Africa. http://www.manbir-online.com/htm2/snake.15.htm

Eastern Green Mamba Types of Poisonous Snakes Snake Gallery Management of Snake Bite Snakes - Some Facts This is a long slender green snake with long narrow shaped head and long thin tail. It has rounded eyes. There colour is bright green with hint of yellow. It is not an aggressive snake and prefers to hide from danger. They prefer to escape when faced with danger. Eastern Green Mamba are found in Africa It can grow upto 8+ ft. It is a tree dwelling snake. Venom is neurotoxic.

88. Manbir Online ... Deadliest Snakes In The World. Asia. 8) Coral Snake (Micrurus fulvius ), North America. Guinea. 11) BlackMamba, both species of Green Mambas, and the Mojave Rattlesnake. http://www.manbir-online.com/htm2/snake.22.htm

Home Medi News Medical Tidbits Interesting Topics ... Ask a Question Deadliest Snakes in the World. Types of Poisonous Snakes Snake Gallery Management of Snake Bite Snakes - Some Facts List of Deadliest Snakes in the world as per their ranking : - Fierce Snake or Inland Taipan Oxyuranus microlepidotus ), Australia. The most toxic venom of any snake. Maximum yield recorded (for one bite) is 110mg. That would porbably be enough to kill over 100 people or 250,000 mice. These rare snakes are vitually unknown in collections outside of Australia. 2) Australian Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis ), Australia. One 1/14,000 of an ounce of this vemon is enough to kill a person. 3) Malayan Krait Bungarus candidus ), Southeast Asia and Indonesia. 50% of the bites from this snake are fatal even with the use of antivenin treatment. 4) Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus ), Australia. The venom delivered in a single Taipan bite is enough to kill up to 12,000 guinea pigs. 5) Tiger Snake Notechis scutatus ), Australia.

89. Venomous Snakes (boa Boas Pythons Reptile Snake Snakes ) An information portal about venomous snakes espcially Elapid snakes like cobras,mambas, and taipans, containing pictures, caresheets, chatroom, forum, links. http://www.pet-x.com/pets/venomous-snakes.html

pet-x.com venomous snakes PetHobbyist An online pet community. Message boards, chat, radio, breeders, stores vets, and more... The Reptile House Animal Allsorts Provides information about care and maintenance, along with caresheets, picture galleries, show dates and information, links to clubs and societies, venomous section, and movies. Reptile MP3, mp3, wav, venomous snakes BlueHerp.com Listing of reptile breeders and dealers, forum and care sheets for snakes, lizards and monitors. Includes free classifieds, auctions, FAQs and herp vet listings. BlueHerp.com Where Reptiles and Amphibians Rule! Classifieds, Forums, Care Sheets, and lots more Reptile and Amphibian oriented. Herp Books Featuring amphibian, lizard, snake, invertebrate and herp related books available online. Also reference reptile DVD and video products, care sheets for display, herp advertisement pages and general information. We have the largest selection of Amphibian, Reptilian and Invertebrate related books on the web. Stockists of all reptile dry goods from nutritional products to custom made Viv's. Large Reptile and Amphibian picture galleries, Reptile care sheets, Classified Ad's, message board plus much more, please come in and browse. Southeastern Hot Herp Society Group of venomous reptile keepers educating the public about venomous snakes and lizards - VenomousReptiles.org - The SHHS is a group of venomous reptile keepers educating the public about

90. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results 25 Black mamba snake the lion and elephant .. 25 Black mamba snake timedover a 100yd distance; and the black mamba, six-lined race runner http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_almanacs

91. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results Elephant 25 Black mamba snake 20 Sixlined race runner mortality is generallylow. .. 30 Elephant 25 Black mamba snake 20 Six-lined race runner 16. http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_almanacs

92. ThinkQuest : Library : Ben & Jason's Page Of Reptiles BLACK mamba. The fastest SnakeThe Black mamba can move at speeds ofup to 10 –12 MPH! This snake is also one of the most poisonous http://library.thinkquest.org/4222/fast.htm

Index Life Science Animals Our page attempts to teach people about reptiles. The site includes where they live, their diet,their behaviors, their dangers, and their special defences. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest USA Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

93. Black Mamba But accidents still happen. emroul Snake Lover, ReBlack mamba « Reply 1 onFebruary 22, 2004, 105019 AM ». What a beauty! Logged. cdj_2216 Snake Maniac, http://forum.redtailboas.com/index.php?board=75;action=display;threadid=5481

94. ×åðíàÿ ìàìáà (Dendroaspis Polylepis). Àíãë: Black Mamba Black mamba 2000 © Copyright and Photo Dennis Desmond. ? NBN.?opyright © 19992004. Big-Snake Anton Zabara http://big-snake.narod.ru/enc/Reptilia/Serpentes/Elapidae/Dendroaspis/Dendroaspi

Ñäåëàòü "Äîìàøíåé ñòðàíèöåé" Äîáàâèòü â "Èçáðàííîå" Êëàññ Ïàóêè (Arachnida) >Ñåìåéñòâî Ïàóêè-ïòèöååäû (Theraphosidae) ... Ðîä Ìàìáû (Dendroaspis). Àíãë: Mambas ×åðíàÿ ìàìáà (Dendroaspis polylepis). Àíãë: Black mamba The Black Mamba Page The Black Mamba Page The Black Mamba Page The Black Mamba Page ... Dennis Desmond Âõîäèò â Top 20 ñàìûõ ÿäîâèòûõ çìåé ïëàíåòû. Top 10 ïî ÿäîâèòûì çìåÿì ìîæíî ïîñìîòðåòü ìàìá (Dendroaspis) Ýòè çìåè ñèëüíû, ñòðîéíû, âèä ãîëîâû ñâåðõó ïîõîæ íà ãðîá. Ñðåäíÿÿ äëèíà ýòîé çìåè îò 240 ñì äî 300 ñì. à ñòü ñâåäåíèÿ, ïîêàçûâàþùèå ÷òî ýòà çìåÿ ìîæåò äîñòèãàòü 450ñì. Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî çìåè äîñòèãàþùèå òàêîãî ðàçìåðà, î÷åíü ðåäêè è åñòü ñîìíåíèÿ â äîñòîâåðíîñòè ýòèõ äàííûõ. Íàçâàíèå "×åðíàÿ ìàìáà" íåñêîëüêî íå ïðàâèëüíî, òàê êàê ýòà çìåÿ íå ÷åðíàÿ âîîáùå. Ýòà íàçâàíèå äàíî èç-çà ÷åðíîé âíóòðåííåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ïàñòè ýòîé çìåè. Áîëüøèíñòâî ýòèõ çìåé èìååò òåìíî-îëèâêîâóþ, îëèâêîâî-çåëåíóþ, ñåðîâàòî-êîðè÷íåâóþ îêðàñêó èëè ìåòàëëè÷åñêî-ñåðûé öâåò. Ñëåãêà ïåñòðàÿ çìåÿ òîæå íå íåîáûêíîâåííà. Ìàëûøè ýòèõ çìåé èìåþò ñåðîâàòûé èëè îëèâêîâûé öâåò, íî îí ñìåíèòüñÿ íà äðóãîé, êîãäà îíè ñòàíóò ïîñòàðøå.  ïðîøëîì áûëî ïðèçíàíî 2 ðàçíîâèäíîñòè ýòèõ çìåé: Dendroaspis polylepis polylepis è Dendroaspis polylepis antinorii, íî èññëåäîâàíèå ÿäà ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî íèêàêîãî ïîäâèäà íåò. Ýòà çàáëóæäåíèå ñîñòîÿëî â òîì, ÷òî ó ìíîãèõ îñîáåé æèâóùèõ â ðàçíûõ àðåàëàõ áûëî ðàçëè÷èå õèìè÷åñêèõ êîìïîíåíòîâ ÿäà. Top 10: Ñàìûå ÿäîâèòûå çìåè ìèðà Ïîñëåäíèå îáíîâëåíèå / Last updating: Ñopyright © 1999-2004ãã.

95. Dendroaspis - Encyclopedia Article About Dendroaspis. Free Access, No Registrati Mambas (family Elapidae, genus Dendroaspis) are tree dwelling, extremely rapidlymoving snakes of Africa ( Dendroaspis is literally tree snake ). http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Dendroaspis

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Dendroaspis Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Mambas family Scientific classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. Modern classification has its roots in the system of Carolus Linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics. These groupings have been revised since Linnaeus to improve consistency with the Darwinian principle of common descent. Molecular systematics, which uses Genomic DNA analysis has driven many recent revisions and is likely to continue to do so. Scientific classification belongs to the science of taxonomy or biological systematics. Click the link for more information. Elapidae Elapidae Egyptian Cobra Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Family: Elapidae Genera Aspidelaps Boulengerina Bungarus Calliophus Dendroaspis Elapsoide Hemachtus Hemibungarus Homoroselaps Maticora Micruroides Micrurus Naja Ophiophagus Paranaja Pseudohaje Walterinnesia Click the link for more information.

96. 60 Species Twig snakesThelotornis. Twig Snake - Thelotornis capensis. Family Elapidae-Cobras,Mambas and Relatives. Subfamily Elapinae. Harlequin snakes-Homoroselaps. http://www.ultimatefieldguide.com/60_species.htm

60 Species Mammals Snakes News Bushtalk ... Contact Us 60 Species Detail Unique Keys Purchase Ease of Use ... Slug Eater - Duberria lutrix Almost 60 species of snakes endemic to the Southern African Subregion are covered. In this example, only the Black Mamba Puff Adder and Slug Eater are active. All hyperlinks are active in the full version. Family Typhlopidae-Blind Snakes Bibron's Blind Snake - Typhlops bibronii Lalande's Blind Snake - Typhlops lalandei Family Leptotyphlopidae-Thread Snakes Lesser Worm Snake - Leptotyphlops conjunctus incognitus Family Boidae-Pythons Rock Python - Phyton sebae natalensis Family Atractaspididae-African Burrowing Snakes Subfamily Atractaspininae Stiletto Snake - Atractaspis bibronii Subfamily Aparallactinae Centipede Eaters-Aparallactus Cape Centipede Eater - Aparallactus capensis Purpleglossed Snakes-Amblyodipsas Savanna Purpleglossed Snake - Amblyodipsas polylepis polylepis Quillsnouted Snakes-Xenocalamus Striped Quillsnout - Xenocalamus bicolor lineatus Waterberg Quillsnout - Xenocalamus bicolor australis Family Colubridae-Typical Snakes Subfamily Lamprophiinae Water Snakes-Lycodonomorphus Brown Water Snake - Lycodonomorhus rufulus House Snakes-Lamprophis Aurora House Snake - Lamprophis aurora Brown House Snake - Lamprophis fuliginosus Olive House Snake - Lamprophis inornatus Spotted House Snake - Lamprophis guttatus

97. BLACK MAMBA - Site Map - UK Shopping Directory - UK Shops Popular Searches for BLACK mamba, BLACK mamba. Shopping online for blackmamba or just looking for more information about black mamba? http://www.ishop.co.uk/site-map/bl/black_mamba/index.shtml

home search customer service -UK Shopping Portal Online - Automotive Banking Books Business Services ... www.ishop.co.uk Popular Searches for BLACK MAMBA Black Mamba Snake Snake, reptile, reptiles, reptile snake, black mamba, black mamba snake, black mamba reptile, venomous, poisonous, Reptilia, Squamata, Elapidae, Dendroaspis polylepis. The black mamba is renowned ... http://www.creature-creations.com/blackmambas Black Mamba Fishing ... http://www.quest-thegreatoutdoors.co.uk/Produ Continue Searching : Further Associated Searched keywords relating to BLACK MAMBA Please click here to return to the main site map index. BLACK MAMBA Shopping online for black mamba or just looking for more information about black mamba? Here at www.ishop.co.uk we aim to provide the most comprehensive resource of sites selling black mamba and links to online resources such as search, information and price comparison tools that should quickly ensure you find sites containing information about black mamba or directly selling black mamba or releted products/services. Whilst we do not sell black mamba directly the independent shopping and information links provided will ensure that you find the web sites that do sell black mamba quickly, simply and at the best prices available ensuring you get the best deals online.

98. Driver Finds Four Poisonous Snakes In Box ["So I Went Over And Kicked The Box!" snakes, including the seething cobra. I don t want it here, Berry said with alaugh. He s not a nice guy. The cobra s not the problem, its the TWO mambas http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1137236/posts

FreeRepublic .com "A Conservative News Forum" Browse ... AP ^ Posted on 05/17/2004 12:18:50 PM PDT by 11th Earl of Mar Today: May 17, 2004 at 11:05:46 PDT Driver Finds Four Poisonous Snakes in Box ASSOCIATED PRESS LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) - A curious pickup truck driver spotted a box in the grass marked "Live venomous reptile" east of downtown and stopped to take a look. "When you see something like that, you want to look and see what it is," Paul Mitchell of Little Rock said of his Friday afternoon discovery. "I went over and kicked the box." The electrician looked inside and found a cloth bag slithering into the form of a cobra ready to strike. "I was like, 'Hot dog! That thing is big!'" Mitchell said. Mitchell grabbed up the box, put it in the bed of his truck and took it to the Little Rock Zoo. "I was just going to take it back to work and kill it, but I figure cobras aren't indigenous to Arkansas," Mitchell said. "I knew the zoo would have a snake handler." Randal Berry, the zoo's reptile keeper, took the snakes in out of concern for public safety. He said the zoo doesn't usually take in animals.

99. Dealing With Snakes In KZN The time to death will usually be at least hours. Mambas and Cobras are more nervous,faster moving snakes. They will usually move away from any disturbance. http://drakensberg.kzn.org.za/drakensberg/news/7.xml

Dealing with Snakes in KZN Recently on an internet interest list, SA Mountain Talk, Arthur Morgan published this most useful and informative article on snakes in South Africa - and KZN. From the venom point of view there are four types of snakes in South Africa: Adders ( vipers) Mambas and Cobras ( plus sub-type Spitting Cobras ) Back fanged ( including sub-type Boomslang ) Constrictors ( no venom, but nasty wounds - treat as for dog bite ) All outdoors people are at risk for snake bite, although this occurs rarely in South Africa. Be careful where you walk and put your hands. If you see a snake freeze, and then move slowly away without any sudden movements. If you or a friend are bitten do not panic. Very serious injury is rare after a snake bite. The snake has to expend a lot of energy to make the venom, and will not use it wastefully - you are far to big for it to eat, and it just wants to warn you off with the least effort and risk to itself. It will inject a lot of venom only if you have made it very cross or very frightened. The most bites in Africa are by the adders, which are fat, lazy snakes that stay put on warm paths or where ever they want. If annoyed they can strike forwards with great speed. They have long fangs and inject a venom that causes tissue damage. There will be rapid onset of severe pain, needing big doses of morphine type analgesics, and gross swelling. The fluid and blood causing the swelling comes initially from the blood so there can be lethal shock. Treatment is elevation of the bite, fluid and blood as needed, lots of analgesia, and possibly several ampoules of anti venom. The time to death will usually be at least hours.

100. The Biology Of Venomous Animals With dendrotoxin, for example, which is a toxin isolated from the elapid mambasnake, a relative of the cobra, you can see a reduction of the current http://www.fathom.com/course/10701017/session3.html

The Biology of Venomous Animals Zoltan Takacs Sessions Session 3 Session 2 Chemistry of Venoms What do animal venoms contain? Animal venoms are mixtures of 20 to 25 different kinds of molecules dissolved in water. Most frequently, venomous species have proteins or smaller polypeptides ranging from 30 to 80 amino acid residues. The poisonous species primarily have alkaloids, which are small molecules that have very strong biological effects. Zoltan Takacs Scorpions are examples of venomous animals who use their venom for defense and immobilizing prey. Acetylcholine receptors, potassium channels, calcium channelsthese are different receptors on the surface of the nerve or muscle cells that have a very basic role in maintaining and propagating action potential and muscle contraction. And because one of the primary functions of animal venoms is to immobilize the prey or the predator, toxins are targeted against those molecules that play a very basic role in the locomotion of the prey animal. Many animal toxins are targeted against the acetylcholine receptor because of its function, and it is found everywhere in the animal kingdom. There are some toxins, for example, dendrotoxins and some bungarotoxins, that also attack the neuromuscular junction, but they're not acting on the muscle cell. They're acting by inhibiting acetylcholine release from the nerve terminal or they're causing abnormally high release from the nerve terminal. The release of so much acetylcholine, which also leads to a neuromuscular blockage, will clinically lead to a failure of respiration and therefore lead to the death of the victim.

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