41. Nutrition Screening Initiative Nutrition checklist designed to alert individuals, family members, and physicians to conditions that may lead to malnutrition, particularly in the aged. http://www.aafp.org/nsi.xml

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page American Family Physician AAFP Clinical Recommendations ... Bioterrorism Nutrition Screening Initiative Research Discussion Lists (Members Only) Nutrition Screening Initiative The Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) is a broad, multi-disciplinary effort led by partner organizations the American Academy of Family Physicians and American Dietetic Association and a diverse coalition of more than 25 national health, aging, and medical organizations. Founded in 1989, the goal of NSI is to promote the integration of nutrition screening and intervention into health care for older adults. NSI considers all aspects of health care for older adults as an opportunity to enhance cost-effective nutrition care. To this end, NSI formed alliances with professionals in nutrition, dentistry, pharmacology, mental health, managed care, home care, and community social services. NSI uses a multi-faceted strategy that includes research, professional education, consumer outreach, and policy. The Nutrition Screening Initiative is funded in part by a grant from Ross Products Division of Abbott Laboratories, Inc. About NSI Learn more about the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI).

42. Disease Fact Sheet: Malnutrition Overview of disease fact sheets. Disease fact sheet malnutrition. malnutrition is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. http://www.worldwaterday.org/2001/disease/malnutrition.html

WWD home 2001 Home About WWD 2001 News ... Overview of disease fact sheets Disease fact sheet: Malnutrition The disease The cause Scope of the problem Interventions ... References Malnutrition is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. Water supply, sanitation and hygiene, given their direct impact on infectious disease, especially diarrhoea, are important for preventing malnutrition. Both malnutrition and inadequate water supply and sanitation are linked to poverty. The impact of repeated or persistent diarrhoea on nutrition-related poverty and the effect of malnutrition on susceptibility to infectious diarrhoea are reinforcing elements of the same vicious circle, especially amongst children in developing countries. The disease People are malnourished if they are unable to utilize fully the food they eat, for example due to diarrhoea or other illnesses (secondary malnutrition), if they consume too many calories (overnutrition), or if their diet does not provide adequate calories and protein for growth and maintenance (undernutrition or protein-energy malnutrition). Malnutrition in all its forms increases the risk of disease and early death. Protein-energy malnutrition, for example, plays a major role in half of all under-five deaths each year in developing countries (WHO 2000). Severe forms of malnutrition include marasmus (chronic wasting of fat, muscle and other tissues); cretinism and irreversible brain damage due to iodine deficiency; and blindness and increased risk of infection and death from vitamin A deficiency.

43. Worldwatch Paper 150.html: Underfed And Overfed: The Global Epidemic Of Malnutri The Global Epidemic of malnutrition. The century with the greatest potential to eliminate malnutrition instead saw it boosted to record levels, said Gardner. http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/paper/150.html

Home About Worldwatch Publications State of the World ... Contact Us Sign up for free PDFs and e-mail updates: E-Mail this page Worldwatch Paper #150: Underfed and Overfed: The Global Epidemic of Malnutrition Gary Gardner and Brian Halweil ISBN: 1-878071-52-1 68 pages March 2000 Print Version Buy Now PDF Free PDF Download Now Summary Table of Contents home ... sitemap

44. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 2, Malnutrition An in depth look at this disorder by the Merck Manual including symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter2/2c.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 1. Nutritional Disorders Chapter 2. Malnutrition Topics [General] Starvation Protein-Energy Malnutrition Carnitine Deficiency ... Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency Protein-Energy Malnutrition A deficiency syndrome caused by the inadequate intake of macronutrients. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), or protein-calorie malnutrition, is characterized not only by an energy deficit due to a reduction in all macronutrients but also by a deficit in many micronutrients. This syndrome is one example of the various levels of inadequate protein and/or energy intake between starvation (no food intake) and adequate nourishment. Although infants and children of some developing nations dramatically exemplify this type of malnutrition, it can occur in persons of any age in any country. Classification and Etiology The dry form, marasmus, results from near starvation with deficiency of protein and nonprotein nutrients. The marasmic child consumes very little foodoften because his mother is unable to breastfeedand is very thin from loss of muscle and body fat. The wet form is called kwashiorkor

45. UNICEF End Decade Databases - Malnutrition When the ambitious goal of halving child malnutrition was adopted in 1990, over a third of the world s underfives - some 174 million children - were http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/malnutrition/

End-decade Databases Indicators Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) Home ... Search No.3: Between 1990 and the year 2000, reduction of severe and moderate malnutrition among under-five children by half No. 9: Special attention to the health and nutrition of the female child and to pregnant and lactating women The Challenge Good nutrition is the cornerstone for survival, health and development for current and succeeding generations. Well-nourished children perform better in school, grow into healthy adults and in turn give their children a better start in life. Well-nourished women face fewer risks during pregnancy and childbirth, and their children set off on firmer developmental paths, both physically and mentally. When the ambitious goal of halving child malnutrition was adopted in 1990, over a third of the world's under-fives - some 174 million children - were malnourished. Malnutrition is implicated in more than half of all child deaths worldwide. Malnourished children have lowered resistance to infection; they are more likely to die from common childhood ailments like diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory infections, and for those who survive, frequent illness saps their nutritional status, locking them into a vicious cycle of recurring sickness and faltering growth. Their plight is largely invisible: three quarters of the children who die from causes related to malnutrition were only mildly or moderately undernourished, showing no outward sign of their vulnerability.

46. Vitamin Angel, Non-Profit International Assistance, Emergency Relief, Nutritiona Organization that fights malnutrition and childhood blindness worldwide by providing nutritional supplements, health education to communities that are medically underserved or at risk. Works in partnership with Direct Relief International. http://www.vitaminangel.com/

Vitamin Angel Alliance 1450 Orange Grove Avenue, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Phone: (805) 565- 9919; Fax: (805) 565-9916 EMAIL: info@vitaminangel.org Home About Us Our Work ... Help Us! Special Thanks to: Rick Chacon Kelly Darnell David Faiia Jay Farbman Susan Fowler David Gala And all of the other photographers who generously contributed their work. Site Design:

47. UNICEF End Decade Databases - Malnutrition To Download the database please click here. UNICEF GLOBAL DATABASE ON CHILD malnutrition Underweight Prevalence (%). COUNTRY, Moderate http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/malnutrition/database1.htm

End-decade Databases Indicators Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) Home ... Search To Download the database please click here UNICEF GLOBAL DATABASE ON CHILD MALNUTRITION Underweight Prevalence (%) COUNTRY Moderate and severe* Severe** Male Female Year Age SOURCE Afghanistan 6-35 mos. UNICEF and CIET, Multiple Indicator Baseline 1997 Albania 0-59 mos. MICS 2000, Final report, p. 43 Algeria 0-59 mos. MICS 2000, Final report, Table 6.1.2 Andorra No data Angola No data Antigua and Barbuda No data Argentina No data Armenia 0-59 mos. DHS 2000, Preliminary report, p. 18 Australia No data Austria No data Azerbaijan 0-59 mos. MICS 2000 , Final report, p. 57 Bahamas No data Bahrain 0-59 mos. Family Health Survey, final p.192. Bangladesh 0-59 mos. DHS 1999-2000, Preliminary report, p. 28 Barbados No data Belarus No data Belgium No data Belize 0-59 mos. MOH, Assessment of the food, nutrition and health situation of Belize, INCAP, 1992, Published in WHO Global Database (ref : 01341) Benin 0-35 mos.

48. Enriching Lives: Overcoming Vitamin And Mineral Malnutrition In Developing Count Enriching Lives Overcoming Vitamin and Mineral malnutrition in Developing Countries The following Executive Summary is taken from http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/hnp/nutrition/enrich.htm

Enriching Lives: Overcoming Vitamin and Mineral Malnutrition in Developing Countries The following Executive Summary is taken from the World Bank publication Enriching Lives: Overcoming Vitamin and Mineral Malnutrition in Developing Countries Publication information and ordering instructions are available. The control of vitamin and mineral deficiencies is one of the most extraordinary development-related scientific advances of recent years. Probably no other technology available today offers as large an opportunity to improve lives and accelerate development at such low cost and in such a short time. Dietary deficiencies of vitamins and minerals—life-sustaining nutrients needed only in small quantities (hence, "micronutrients")—cause learning disabilities, mental retardation, poor health, low work capacity, blindness, and premature death. The result is a devastating public health problem: about 1 billion people, almost all in developing countries, are suffering the effects of these dietary deficiencies, and another billion are at risk of falling prey to them. To grasp the enormous implications at the country level, consider a country of 50 million people with the levels of micronutrient deficiencies that exist today in South Asia. Such a country would suffer the following losses each year because of these deficiencies:

49. News Palestinian malnutrition at African levels under Israeli curbs, say MPs. By Ben Russell, Political Correspondent. 05 February 2004. http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/story.jsp?story=487963

50. Malnutrition And Adoption Health malnutrition. By Jean NelsonErichson and Heino R. Erichson. Most children arriving in the United States from institutional care have http://www.comeunity.com/adoption/health/malnutrition.html

Malnutrition By Jean Nelson-Erichson and Heino R. Erichson Many adopted children have phenomenal appetites and will eat whatever is presented to them. Some children will not know when to stop eating. They may gain weight initially, although their weight will level off as catch-up growth ensues and they begin growing taller. Serve them well balanced meals and snacks. A daily multi-vitamin tablet is also helpful. If the child shows no acceleration in growth, an underlying illness such as tuberculosis may be suspected. U.S. pediatricians use the National Center for Health Statistics growth chart, which is also used by the World Health Organization. This chart indicates population standards divided into the fifth, tenth, twenty-fifth, fiftieth, seventy-fifth, ninetieth, and ninety-fifth percentiles. Ninety percent of the population should be covered by these charts. By plotting the child's growth, the doctor knows what percentile is normal for this child and can also see if the child's growth has slowed. In normal growth, the child's measurements follow along one of the percentile lines on the chart. If growth slows, the measurements cross percentile lines. The doctor can see if the child has recovered by plotting his or her return to normal. This system depends on taking repeated measurements in order to establish the normal patterns of growth.

51. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 2, Malnutrition The Merck Manual looks at this, the most severe form of malnutrition. Its causes, signs, symptoms and treatment are discussed. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter2/2b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 1. Nutritional Disorders Chapter 2. Malnutrition Topics [General] Starvation Protein-Energy Malnutrition Carnitine Deficiency ... Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency Starvation Structural and functional changes due to the total lack of intake of energy and essential nutrients. Starvation is the most severe form of malnutrition. It may result from fasting, famine, anorexia nervosa, catastrophic disease of the GI tract, stroke, or coma. The basic metabolic response to starvation is conservation of energy and body tissues. However, the body will mobilize its own tissues as a source of energy, which results in the destruction of visceral organs and muscle and in extreme shrinkage of adipose tissue. Total starvation is fatal in 8 to 12 wk. Symptoms and Signs In adult volunteers who fasted for 30 to 40 days, weight loss was marked (25% of initial weight), metabolic rate decreased, and the rate and amount of tissue protein breakdown decreased by about 30%. In more prolonged starvation, weight loss may reach 50% in adults and possibly more in children. Loss of organ weight is greatest in the liver and intestine, moderate in the heart and kidneys, and least in the nervous system. Emaciation is most obvious in areas where prominent fat depots normally exist. Muscle mass shrinks and bones protrude. The skin becomes thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold. The hair is dry and sparse and falls out easily. Most body systems are affected. Achlorhydria and diarrhea are common. Heart size and cardiac output are reduced; the pulse slows and blood pressure falls. Respiratory rate and vital capacity decrease. The main endocrine disturbance is gonadal atrophy with loss of libido in men and women and amenorrhea in women. Intellect remains clear, but apathy and irritability are common. The patient feels weak. Work capacity is diminished because of muscle destruction and, eventually, is worsened by cardiorespiratory failure. The anemia is usually mild, normochromic, and normocytic. Reduction in body temperature frequently contributes to death. In famine edema, serum proteins are usually normal, but loss of fat and muscle results in increased extracellular water, low tissue tension, and inelastic skin. Cell-mediated immunity is compromised, and wound healing is impaired (see

52. Program Areas malnutrition AND DEHYDRATION IN NURSING HOMES KEY ISSUES IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Sarah Greene Burger, Jeanie KayserJones, and http://www.cmwf.org/programs/elders/burger_mal_386.asp

MALNUTRITION AND DEHYDRATION IN NURSING HOMES: KEY ISSUES IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Sarah Greene Burger, Jeanie Kayser-Jones, and Julie Prince Bell National Citizens' Coalition for Nursing Home Reform June 2000 Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund Task Force on the Future of Health Insurance. The views presented here are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary The Problem The Law and Regulations Issues in Prevention and Treatment ... Endnotes ACKNOWLEDGMENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Studies using a variety of measurements and performed over the last five to 10 years on different nursing home subgroups have shown that from 35 percent to 85 percent of U.S. nursing home residents are malnourished. Thirty to 50 percent are substandard in body weight. Specific components of The Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 (NHRA) address the prevention of both malnutrition and dehydration—these include provisions for resident assessment, individualized care planning, physician oversight, standards for sufficient nurse staffing, and the provision of quality of life, care, and service. This law mandates that facilities meet residents’ nutrition and hydration needs. Yet the level of malnutrition and dehydration in some American nursing homes is similar to that found in many poverty-stricken developing countries where inadequate food intake is compounded by repeated infections. The consequences of these conditions for elderly nursing home residents are potentially serious. Under-nutrition is associated with infections (including urinary tract infections and pneumonia), pressure ulcers, anemia, hypotension, confusion and impaired cognition, decreased wound healing, and hip fractures. Undernourished residents become weak, fatigued, bedridden, apathetic, and depressed. When hospitalized for an acute illness, malnourished or dehydrated residents suffer increased morbidity, and require longer lengths of stay. Compared with well-nourished hospitalized nursing home residents, they have a five-fold increase in mortality in the hospital.

53. Malnutrition And Starvation malnutrition and Starvation. The terms malnutrition and starvation are used interchangeably, when in reality, there are specific definitions for each. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26946--,00.html

Skip Navigation Michigan.gov Home DNR Home Links ... Wildlife Conservation Strategy Malnutrition and Starvation Description Historically, in Michigan the number of species diagnosed at the Laboratory as dying from malnutrition and starvation are second only to those dying from traumatic injuries. Numerous bird and mammal species annually (depending on the severity of the winter) die from insufficient nutrition. Currently we have 3 primary species that die from malnutrition or starvation: white-tailed deer, mute swan, and wild turkey. The majority of the animals have come from Regions I and II with mortality occurring almost exclusively during the winter when food availability is at its lowest. Susceptibility Susceptibility to starvation and malnutrition usually occurs in the winter and early spring months for wildlife in Michigan. Animals cope with the severe weather and shortage of food in 1 of 3 ways: hibernate (amphibians, reptiles, and several mammals), migrate (most avian species), or remain active and attempt to survive. Juvenile, yearling, and old animals are the age groups most susceptible to starvation and malnutrition because they enter the winter with the smallest fat reserves, the highest nutritional demands, the greatest heat loss, and the lowest position in the social hierarchy. Of the winter starvation deaths observed, 60 to 70% may consist of animals less than 1 year of age. Adult males and females and juveniles of both sexes of various species may have smaller reserves of fat due to breeding activities, rearing of the previous year's offspring, and their growth requirements

54. Hunger And Malnutrition Hunger is the way a person s body signals that it needs to eat, and malnutrition is a lack of the right nutrients in the body. http://kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutrition/hunger.html

KidsHealth Teens Nutrition Basics Nina was really hungry when she got home from basketball practice. As she made herself a peanut butter sandwich, she watched the news. It included a report about people who were starving in countries at war. She saw pictures of women and children - some close to her age - scrambling for emergency food relief. She wondered what it would be like to feel hungry all the time and how it would affect her life. What Are Hunger and Malnutrition? We all feel hungry at times. Hunger is the way your body signals that it needs to eat. Teens can feel hungry a lot because the rapidly growing and developing body demands extra food. Once you're able to eat enough food to satisfy your body's needs, you stop being hungry. Malnutrition is often tied to hunger. People with malnutrition lack the nutrients necessary for their bodies to grow and stay healthy. Someone can be malnourished for a long or short period of time, and the condition may be mild or severe. Malnutrition can affect a person's physical and mental health. People who are suffering from malnutrition are more likely to get sick; in very severe cases, they may even die from its effects. Unfortunately, there are many people in the world who can't get enough to eat most of the time and are at risk of malnutrition. The World Health Organization says that hunger is a problem for one out of every seven people in the world. People who go hungry all the time and are malnourished don't develop normally. They don't grow as tall as they should (a condition referred to as stunted growth) and they are underweight as well. (People can also become underweight because they have an illness, and some people are underweight because of their genetic makeup.)

55. Hunger And Malnutrition Get the facts on malnutrition and learn how it affects children s health. What Are Hunger and malnutrition? Everyone feels hungry at times. http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/nutrition/hunger.html

KidsHealth Parents "You're not leaving the table until you eat your vegetables!" "I don't want anything. I'm not hungry." Sound familiar? Like most parents, you've probably wondered just how much food is enough for your child. Maybe you've read about the effect that hunger and malnutrition can have on people over the long term. So you worry that your picky eater isn't getting the nutrients that will help him or her grow properly. Is your child likely to end up malnourished, like people who can't get enough to eat? What Are Hunger and Malnutrition? Everyone feels hungry at times. Hunger is the body's signal that it needs food. Once we've eaten enough food to satisfy our bodies' needs, hunger goes away until our stomachs are empty again. Malnutrition is not the same thing as hunger, although they often go together. People with malnutrition lack the nutrients needed for health and development. Someone can be malnourished for a long or short period of time, and the condition may be mild or severe. People who are malnourished are more likely to get sick, and in severe cases, may even die. Unfortunately, many people in the world can't get enough to eat most of the time and are at risk of malnutrition. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that hunger is a problem for one in every seven people on earth - including 153 million children.

56. OMNI Partners: Program Against Micronutrient Malnutrition (PAMM) To return to the OMNI Partners page, click here To return to the OMNI home page, click here The Program Against Micronutrient malnutrition (PAMM). http://www.jsi.com/intl/omni/pamm.htm

To return to the OMNI Partners page, click here To return to the OMNI home page, click here The Program Against Micronutrient Malnutrition (PAMM) The Program Against Micronutrient Malnutrition (PAMM) is a catalyst for collaborating organizations as well as an active participant in the worldwide initiative to achieve and sustain the elimination of Hidden Hunger by the year 2000. The vision of PAMM is that the world will enter the next century free of the disorders that presently are caused by micronutrient deficiencies. The focus of PAMM is to assist countries with developing their own technical capacity and management systems. To accomplish these goals, PAMM works to build public-private sector alliances, strengthen regional and national education and training systems, raise awareness through advocacy at all levels, and to develop standards to establish quality assurance of national micronutrient programs. PAMM is coordinated by the faculty at the Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, expert staff at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and program officers at the Task Force for Child Survival and Development. PAMM's network also extends to staff experts at the International Agricultural Center in Wageningen, The Netherlands and faculty at the Department of Human Nutrition of Wageningen Agricultural University and program managers in 42 countries. In countries where PAMM intervenes, a wider network of contributors such as international agencies, bilateral donors, and non-governmental organizations, are asked to participate to interact with the national government, agencies, and food producing sector. Specific activities that have been accomplished are: (1) national programs in at least nine countries have mobilized industry and/or agricultural support, (2) national laboratories have been established to support monitoring of progress and quality assurance of programs in twelve countries, (3) legislation and regulations for universal salt iodization were developed in many countries, with PAMM providing technical support in China, Pakistan, and the Philippines, and (4) national and regional trainings, patterned after the PAMM training model, have been held in eight countries and more trainings are planned.

57. Salon :: :: Mwt :: Feature :: Optional Burqas And Mandatory Malnutrition, By Jan Optional burqas and mandatory malnutrition After spending 18 months studying Afghanistan, Dr. Lynn Amowitz reports that life under the Taliban is more brutal http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2001/10/19/amowitz/

Search All of Salon.com Directory Hot Topics Iraq Joe Conason's Journal The Sopranos Osama bin Laden ... World Trade Center and Pentagon Attacks Articles by date All of Salon.com By department Get a free Allstate quote Search our Personals ... Corrections Optional burqas and mandatory malnutrition After spending 18 months studying Afghanistan, Dr. Lynn Amowitz reports that life under the Taliban is more brutal and more complicated than we suspected. By Janelle Brown When President Bush asked kids across America to each donate a dollar for the impoverished children of Afghanistan last week, it was a sweet if mildly propagandistic gesture. It also was a reiteration of a message that has accompanied his most aggressive promises to bomb the Taliban into submission: Our war is not with the Afghan people; in fact, we want to help alleviate their suffering. And to prove the U.S. government's commitment to civilians caught in the violence, Bush has earmarked $320 million in aid for the people of Afghanistan, and dropped in nearly 275,000 meals to the country. "The evildoers have struck our nation, but out of evil comes good," Bush told military personnel in a speech at Travis Air Force Base on Wednesday. "We are a good, kindhearted, decent people, and we're showing the world just that in our compassion and our resolve."

58. La Santé, La Malnutrition http://www.droitsenfant.com/sante.htm

la malnutrition Voir également page consacrée au SIDA en Afrique Voir également page consacrée à l' excision des fillettes Estimation du nombre d'enfants (source UNICEF) : Maladies diarrhéiques : 2,2 millions Maladies non transmissibles* : 1,2 millions Rougeole 800 000 SIDA : 700 000 Accidents : 600 000 Paludisme : 400 000 Nutrition : (manque de poids) (soit 183 millions d'enfants). Allaitement maternel : Carences en micro-nutriments : Les micro-nutriments (iode, fer et vitamine A) Eau salubre : Que faire ? : Situation des enfants dans le monde (source UNICEF) sommaire plan du site recherche sur le site livre d'or ... adresses Reproduction autorisée avec la mention : "diffusé sur le site de Jean-Charles Champagnat : www.droitsenfant.com"

59. Medical Information - Malnutrition MEDICAL INFORMATION malnutrition. malnutrition. The malnutrition that adoptive children suffer from is usually mild to moderate. http://www.russiaadoption.com/medical/medical-malnutrition.htm

E uropean A doption C onsultants, I nc. A 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Licensed Adoption Agency MEDICAL INFORMATION - Malnutrition Picnics and Events EAC Storybook Project Sunshine Introduction Scabies Malnutrition Tuberculosis ... Apgar Score Malnutrition M ost children adopted from orphanages abroad have some degree of nutritional deprivation. The malnutrition that adoptive children suffer from is usually mild to moderate. Those children with severe nutritional deprivation are not usually selected for adoption. T he severity of malnutrition depends upon the child's age at the onset of malnutrition, the length of time it persists and the presence of any other existing medical conditions. Severe malnutrition can present as permanent cognitive, behavioral and social deficiencies. C hildren with mild to moderate malnutrition can grow and gain weight with well-balanced meals, snacks and multivitamins. Generally there is a good outcome if the child's diet is improved before age three. The longer there is nutritional deprivation the lower the chance of the child reaching normal size and intelligence. C atch up growth can continue for years after the child has been placed in his adoptive home. His recovery is complete when his height and weight are in proportion and he is steadily progressing on the growth chart.

60. Protein-energy Malnutrition Proteinenergy malnutrition. Definition. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a potentially fatal body-depletion disorder. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/protein-energy_malnutrition.html

Encyclopedia Index P Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index P Protein-energy malnutrition Definition Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a potentially fatal body-depletion disorder. It is the leading cause of death in children in developing countries. Description PEM is also referred to as protein-calorie malnutrition. It develops in children and adults whose consumption of protein and energy (measured by calories) is insufficient to satisfy the body's nutritional needs. While pure protein deficiency can occur when a person's diet provides enough energy but lacks the protein minimum, in most cases the deficiency will be dual. PEM may also occur in persons who are unable to absorb vital nutrients or convert them to energy essential for healthy tissue formation and organ function. Although PEM is not prevalent among the general population of the United States, it is often seen in elderly people who live in nursing homes and in children whose parents are poor. PEM occurs in one of every two surgical patients and in 48% of all other hospital patients. Types of PEM Primary PEM results from a diet that lacks sufficient sources of protein and/or energy. Secondary PEM is more common in the United States, where it usually occurs as a complication of

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