1. Malnutrition malnutrition. Meeting health. malnutrition is a term which covers problems of both under nutrition and over nutrition. UNDER NUTRITION. http://www.nutrition.org.uk/information/dietandhealth/malnutrition.html

MALNUTRITION UNDER NUTRITION Severe under nutrition is rare in developed countries but can be common in some developing countries. The body may adapt to a short period of under nutrition. Some nutrients such as fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body and stores can be used up if the diet does not provide enough. There is evidence that people become more efficient at absorbing and using some nutrients if they have low intakes. However, after a while signs of a poor diet may start to appear, eg the person may become more prone to infections, and eventually may develop a specific deficiency disease. Energy Weight loss is an obvious sign of a diet too low in energy. Children who do not meet their needs for energy may stop growing and gaining weight. To try to reduce the effects of a diet low in energy people usually become less active. In severe cases, a low energy intake results in starvation. Children, especially those under 5 years of age, suffer from the effects of starvation more quickly than adults. In severe situations, they can develop a condition which is life threatening called protein energy malnutrition. This means that their diet provides too little energy and protein. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are the two most common diseases caused by lack of protein and energy. In developed countries, diets very low in energy are rare. People who suffer from psychological problems, such as anorexia nervosa and older adults who are ill or have lost their appetite may reduce their food and energy intake.

2. MEDSTUDENTS-PEDIATRICS malnutrition. malnutrition may be due to inadequate food absorption or inadequate food intake (inadequate The diagnosis of malnutrition is not always apparent as in severe cases http://www.medstudents.com.br/pedia/pedia1.htm

PEDIATRICS KARINA LUISE GLASER Medstudents' Homepage Malnutrition Malnutrition may be due to inadequate food absorption or inadequate food intake (inadequate supply, increased requirements). The diagnosis of malnutrition is not always apparent as in severe cases. It depends on an accurate dietary history, evaluation of height, weight, head circumference and past rates of growth, measurement of midarm circumference and skinfold thickness and other tests. Acute nutritional disturbances: water and electrolytes. Chronic malnutrition: deficits of more than a single nutrient. There is usually associated immunologic insufficiency (white blood cell count < 1500/mm3 and anergy to skin test antigens). Marasmus (Infantile Atrophy, Inanition, Athrepsia) In most cases, marasmus is due to inadequate caloric intake, but may also be due to metabolic abnormalities or congenital malformations. Clinically, there is failure to gain weight followed by weight loss and finally emaciation. Fat is loss last from the cheeks. The abdomen may be flat or distended. There is muscle atrophy and hypotonia. The basal metabolic rate is reduced. The infant may be constipated or have the "starvation type" of diarrhea with mucus. Protein Malnutrition (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition, Kwashiorkor)

3. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 2, Malnutrition malnutrition results from imbalance between the body's needs and the intake of dependency, toxicity, or obesity. malnutrition includes undernutrition, in which nutrients are http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter2/2a.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 1. Nutritional Disorders Chapter 2. Malnutrition Topics [General] Starvation Protein-Energy Malnutrition Carnitine Deficiency ... Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency [General] Malnutrition results from imbalance between the body's needs and the intake of nutrients, which can lead to syndromes of deficiency, dependency, toxicity, or obesity. Malnutrition includes undernutrition, in which nutrients are undersupplied, and overnutrition, in which nutrients are oversupplied. Undernutrition can result from inadequate intake; malabsorption; abnormal systemic loss of nutrients due to diarrhea, hemorrhage, renal failure, or excessive sweating; infection; or addiction to drugs. Overnutrition can result from overeating; insufficient exercise; overprescription of therapeutic diets, including parenteral nutrition; excess intake of vitamins, particularly pyridoxine (vitamin B ), niacin, and vitamins A and D; and excess intake of trace minerals. See also discussions of obesity in Ch. 5,

4. Frontpage A look at this disorder which may result from eating an unbalanced diet, digestive problems or absorption problems. http://www.nutrition.uu.se/studentprojects/group98/malnutrition/

UNDERSTANDING MALNUTRITION Definition of malnutrition A condition caused by inadequate intake or inadequate digestion of nutrients. It may result from eating an unbalanced diet, digestive problems or absorption problems. Medical Encyclopedia. Applied Medical Informations, Inc, 1996.) CONTINUE

5. Malnutrition And Humanitarian Feeding Programs Nonprofit food technology organization specializing in low-cost dairy substitutes such as soy milk, hemp milk, oat and rice milk. http://www.malnutrition.org/

Background Why Food Technology? Food Products Technology/ Expertise ... Contact Us Malnutrition Matters is a Canadian-registered, non-profit organization, dedicated to providing sustainable low cost food technology solutions for malnutrition, primarily by using soya, but also cereals, grains, fruits and vegetables. These plant-based foods offer the greatest nutritional, environmental and economic benefits. Furthermore, soymilk and its derivative soyfoods are already well-known for their nutritional value, functionality and the sustainability of their agriculture and production. The services of this organization are primarily in support of NGO's / PVO's and small to medium-sized entrepreneurs to develop and expand nutrition and employment programs in developing countries. These services include: equipment supply, training and consulting for production and project management, food product development and related nutritional and agricultural issues. A main objective is to help create sustainable micro-enterprises centered on these affordable food technologies. The technologies and expertise relate to food production in aqueous extraction processes resulting primarily in dairy or milk-like food products and derivatives including beverages, yogurts, tofu, desserts, spreads, etc.

6. Malnutrition Poverty not insufficient global food production is the root cause of malnutrition. Poor families lack the economic, environmental http://www.wri.org/wr-98-99/malnutri.htm

Linking Environment and Health Malnutrition Poverty not insufficient global food production is the root cause of malnutrition. Poor families lack the economic, environmental, or social resources to purchase or produce enough food. In rural areas, land scarcity and degradation, water salinity due to overirrigation, soil erosion, droughts, and flooding can all undermine a family's ability to grow enough food. In urban areas, low wages, lack of work and underemployment, and rapid changes in food prices often place food supplies out of the reach of poor households. War and civil strife almost always cause upheaval in the food system and often result in widespread famine, as with the civil wars in Rwanda and Somalia. Although overall trends are positive, with the proportion of people with malnutrition declining, many remain at risk, and some regions are hit especially hard. (See Countries with Populations at Risk of Inadequate Nutrition .) Between 1990 and 1992, approximately 841 million people or 1 out of every 5 people in the developing world did not have access to enough food for healthy living (1). Countries with Populations at Risk of Inadequate Nutrition Source : See Environmental Risks to Human Health: New Indicators The health consequences of inadequate nutrition are enormous. According to one estimate, malnutrition contributed to roughly 12 percent of all deaths in 1990 (2). Although much of this toll stems from underconsumption of protein and energy, deficiencies in key micronutrients such as iodine, vitamin A, and iron also undermine health (3).

7. Micronutrients & Malnutrition A discussion about Vitamin A, iron and iodine deficiencies and some solutions to the problem. http://www.nutrition.uu.se/studentprojects/group98/micronut/micronut.html

M icronutrient M alnutrition I ntroduction M icronutrients are substances that are needed by the body in very small amounts because they can not be synthesized in the body. This means that they must be provided by the diet. These micronutrients are essential for the body to maintain its normal functions. Without them, the body can not function optimally and different health problems occur. If these micronutrients are missing during phases of rapid growth, the development of basic biological functions like intellect, and even life itself, can be threatened. This is why young children, and pregnant women are often among the risk groups for micronutrient deficiencies. A ll vitamins and most minerals are micronutrients. If some of these micronutrients lack in the diet eventually give rise to specific and recognizable signs, for example, lack of iodine can cause an enlarged thyroid gland (goitre), recognizable by the unsightly swelling on the throat, while other deficiencies may cause more general signs such as weakness, paleness and lack of resistance to infections, etc. T he three major micronutrient deficiencies emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO) world-wide are: Vitamin A, iron and iodine deficiencies.

8. The State Of The World's Children 1998 Overviews the scale of malnutrition and causes, lists solutions, gives a scientific role, and provides statistical tables . http://www.unicef.org/sowc98/

Home UNICEF in Action Highlights Information Resources ... PDF Version Carol Bellamy, Executive Director, UNICEF Malnutrition is largely a silent and invisible emergency, exacting a terrible toll on children and their families. The result of multiple causes, including a lack of food, common and preventable infections, inadequate care and unsafe water, it plays a role in more than half of the nearly 12 million deaths each year of children under five in developing countries, a proportion unmatched since the Black Death ravaged Europe in the 14th century. Malnutrition blunts intellects and saps the productivity and potential of entire societies. Poverty, one of the causes of malnutrition, is also a consequence, a tragic bequest by malnourished parents to the next generation. The State of the World's Children 1998 report details the scale of the loss and the steps being taken to stem it. Sentinels of progress are lighting the way: Nearly 60 per cent of the world's salt is now iodized, and millions of children every year are spared mental retardation as a result. Vitamin A supplementation is helping bolster disease resistance in children and may soon become an important measure in helping reduce maternal deaths around the world. Communities are working together to identify their problems, decide on their options and take action, with women emerging to play leadership roles that spark numerous other changes in people's lives.

9. EMedicine - Malnutrition : Article By Donna G Grigsby, MD The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance between supply Proteinenergy malnutrition (PEM), first described in the 1920s, is observed most http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1360.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Nutrition Malnutrition Last Updated: December 18, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: protein-energy malnutrition, PEM, protein-calorie malnutrition, kwashiorkor, marasmus, starvation, hunger, poor diet, nutritional deficiency AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 7 Author Information Introduction Clinical Workup ... Bibliography Author: Donna G Grigsby, MD , Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine Donna G Grigsby, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association American Academy of Pediatrics , and Kentucky Pediatric Society Editor(s): Maria Rebello Mascarenhas, MBBS , Director of Nutrition Support Service, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Robert Konop, PharmD

10. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Malnutrition malnutrition can occur because of the lack of a single vitamin in the diet, or it can be Starvation is a form of malnutrition. malnutrition can also occur when nutrients http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000404.htm

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Malnutrition Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Food guide pyramid Alternative names Return to top Nutrition - inadequate Definition Return to top Malnutrition means a person's body is not getting enough nutrients. The condition may result from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive difficulties, absorption problems, or other medical conditions. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Malnutrition can occur because of the lack of a single vitamin in the diet, or it can be because the person isn't getting enough food. Starvation is a form of malnutrition. Malnutrition can also occur when nutrients ARE adequately consumed in the diet, but one or more nutrients are not digested or absorbed properly. Malnutrition may be mild enough to show no symptoms or so severe that the damage it has done is irreversible even though the individual may be kept alive. Worldwide, malnutrition continues to be a significant problem, especially among children who cannot fend adequately for themselves. Poverty, natural disasters, political problems and war in countries such as Biafra, Somalia, Rwanda, Iraq, and many others have demonstrated that hunger and malnutrition are not strangers to this world.

11. Discovery Health Malnutrition malnutrition is an imbalance or deficiency of nutrients. This can come from not eating enough healthy foods or by using up toomany nutrients through activities. malnutrition can be identified by http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/1921.html

12. The Micronutrient Initiative Organization working to eliminate micronutrient malnutrition. Site has organization profile, current work, nutrition news, resources, contacts and career information. http://www.micronutrient.org

13. Famine And Malnutrition Famine and malnutrition. Health/AIDS. Human rights. Famine and malnutrition Background information, Europaworld is non profit making and relies on contributions. http://www.europaworld.org/Famine.htm

European Commission European Parliament European Goverments NGOs ... Trade and globalisation Famine and Malnutrition Background information Europaworld is non profit making and relies on contributions. If you find this service useful, please drop a coin or two in the box Latest articles: Drought-Hit Northern Somalia Faces Looming Disaster, UN Warns In previous issues: Escalating Food Crisis In Uganda Future Food Aid To Zimbabwe Jeopardized By Cancellation Of Food Assessment Mission Progress On Reducing Hunger Has Stopped, Says UN Expert UN Emergency Food Aid Suspended In Gaza ... Contact us

14. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 2, Malnutrition Chapter 2. malnutrition. malnutrition includes undernutrition, in which nutrients are undersupplied, and overnutrition, in which nutrients are oversupplied. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section1/chapter2/2a.jsp

15. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 2, Malnutrition Chapter 2. malnutrition. Topics. General. Starvation. ProteinEnergy malnutrition. A deficiency syndrome caused by the inadequate intake of macronutrients. http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section1/chapter2/2c.jsp

16. Aptmic.org - Association Pour La Prévention Et Le Traitement De La Malnutrition Buts et actions en cours de cette ONG francochilienne. R©sultats techniques qu'elle a obtenu dans le traitement de la malnutrition infantile. http://www.aptmic.org/

17. Autistic Teen's Death From Malnutrition Ruled Homicide CNN http://cnn.com/2002/US/03/20/malnutrition.death.ap/index.html

18. Malnutrition -- ECureMe.com UPDATED SARS INFORMATION Check health symptoms, make a self diagnosis, ask a doctor or veterinarian online, view an encyclopedia of diseases treatments, buy discount medical supplies. more about malnutrition. malnutrition describes a condition in which the body is Deficiencies associated with malnutrition. affect the normal functions of genes, immune system http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/Malnutrition.asp

DisplayAd("468","60"); Select a Health Topic ADD/ADHD Allergy Alternative Medicine Arthritis Asthma Beyond Dieting Body Aches and Pains Breast Cancer Cancer Awareness Cardio Health Children's Health Colon Cancer Contraception COPD/Emphysema Dental Health Diabetes Elder Care Emergency Room Epilepsy Erectile Dysfunction Eye Care Fertility Fitness Gastrointestinal Health Glands and Hormones Gynecologic Health Hair Loss Headache Healthcare Today Healthy Aging HIV and AIDS Infectious Diseases Kidney Health Leukemia Liver Health Lung Cancer Lymphoma Multiple Sclerosis Men's Health Mental Health Nutrition Osteoporosis Parkinson's Disease Sexual Health Skin Health Sleep Disorders Special Events Stroke Surgeries and Procedures Teen Health Thyroid Health Urologic Health Vascular Disease Women's Health Workplace Health June 10, 2004 Resource Links Physician Search Your Questions, E-mail Doctor ... Hospital Directory Malnutrition more about Malnutrition Malnutrition describes a condition in which the body is depleted of, or unable to utilize vital nutrients (e.g., Proteins , fats) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, minerals, etc.).

19. Argentina Renews Malnutrition Fight CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/americas/11/20/argentina.hunger.ap/index.html

20. El Salvador Youth Face Malnutrition CNN http://cnn.com/2002/WORLD/americas/10/22/children.elsalvador.ap/index.html

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