161. Plasmodium (malaria) Plasmodium spp. (malaria). malaria has been recognized persons die each year. Four species of Plasmodium infect humans and cause malaria. http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/plasmodium.html

Plasmodium spp. (malaria) Malaria has been recognized as an important parasitic disease of humans for centuries, having been described by the early Egyptians in the third millennium B.C. Despite the introduction of control programs in many parts of the world over the past few decades, the impact of malaria on human populations continues to increase. Recent estimates suggest (1) that 1.5 billion persons live in areas of the world where malaria is an endemic disease, (2) that the number of infected humans exceeds 500,000,000, and (3) that 1-2 million persons die each year. Four species of Plasmodium infect humans and cause malaria. All species are vector borne diseases, being spread by anopheline mosquitoes , and the disease is distributed throughout much of the world ( view distribution ). In the human host the parasite is found primarily inside of the red blood cells (RBC). The parasite reproduces asexually inside of the RBC, and following this the RBC breaks open releasing many new parasites (merozoites). These parasites then infect more RBC's, and this ultimately leads to the destruction of massive numbers of RBC's. The characteristic "chill and fever" (paroxysm) associated with malaria occurs when the parasites are released from the RBC's, and since the release of parasites is periodic, the paroxysms are periodic. For examples, the paroxysms associated with a tertian malaria (e.g., Plasmodium vivax ) occur about ever 48 hours, and those associated with a quarten malaria (e.g.

162. Genetic Resistance To Malaria Traced CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/06/21/gene.warfare.ap/index.html

163. Register At NYTimes.com World health agencies are racing to acquire 100 million doses of a Chinese herbal drug that has proved effective against malaria. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/10/health/10MALA.html

Welcome to The New York Times on the Web! For full access to our site, please complete this simple registration form. As a member, you'll enjoy: In-depth coverage and analysis of news events from The New York Times FREE Up-to-the-minute breaking news and developing stories FREE Exclusive Web-only features, classifieds, tools, multimedia and much, much more FREE Please enter your Member ID: Please enter your password: Remember my Member ID and password on this computer. Forgot your password? Choose a Member ID: Choose a password: (Five character minimum) Re-enter your password for verification: E-Mail Address: Remember my Member ID and password on this computer We'll keep your information private. The following fields are required. NYTimes.com respects your privacy , so we will never share any personal information without your consent. Gender: Year of Birth: Male Female (Click here if you are under 13) Zip Code: Country of Residence: United States Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegowina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso

164. Malaria - Reisemedizin Info - Andreas Kaunzner Translate this page malaria. Die malaria ist eine der gefährlichsten Infektionskrankheiten in den Tropen und nimmt wieder zu. Experten haben ausgerechnet http://members.aol.com/reisemed/krank/malaria.htm

Malaria Home Allgemeines Impfungen Krankheiten ... Autor Die Malaria sterben allein in Deutschland etwa 10 bis 20 Menschen Die Plasmodien Malaria-Endemiegebiete die Vorbeugung streng beachtet werden. Es stehen wirksame , die sog. Expositionsprophylaxe und die , die Chemoprophylaxe Malariaprophylaxe muss anhand des konkreten Reisezieles sowie der Reisezeit , der Reisedauer und des Reisestils vom Arzt individuell Malariasymptome Inkubationszeit einem einfach anzuwendenden Schnelltest M alaQuick Malariaendemiegebiete eine wertvolle Entscheidungshilfe beim Auftreten von Fieber sein. Die Entscheidung, ob eine Stand-by-Medikation Weitere Informationen zum Test erhalten Sie hier. Eine Impfung als Schutz gegen die Malaria gibt es nicht. Die Bestrebungen der letzten Jahre hatten leider keine grossen Erfolge. Einen Impfstoff wird es auch in absehbarer Zukunft nicht geben. Der erste Schritt eine Malria vorzubeugen, ist ein konsequenter Schutz gegen Insektenstiche (Expositionsprophylaxe) Weiterhin werden verschiedene Medikamente zur Vorbeugung und Therapie eingesetzt. Die meisten Infektionen stammen aus Zentralafrika, insbes.

165. Johns Hopkins Gets $100 Million To Fight Malaria CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/05/07/malaria.institute.ap/index.html

166. SAA Netcare Travel Clinics - Malaria WHAT IS malaria? malaria is a potentially fatal illness of tropical and subtropical regions. The continent. WHICH AREAS HARBOUR malaria? http://www.travelclinic.co.za/html/malaria_2k.asp

Home Malaria Where to find us Immunisations ... Cholera in South Africa - What every tourist should know. WHAT IS MALARIA? Malaria is a potentially fatal illness of tropical and subtropical regions. The disease is caused by a parasite which is transmitted to human beings bitten by infected mosquitoes. The disease is widespread in Africa, and over one million people die of malaria every year on the continent. WHICH AREAS HARBOUR MALARIA? Within South Africa's borders the disease is encountered mainly in northern and eastern Mpumalanga, northern Kwa-Zulu Natal, and the border areas of the Northern and North West provinces. Considering South Africa's neighbours, malaria is also considered to be a threat to travellers visiting the lower lying areas of Swaziland, while it is encountered throughout Mozambique and Zimbabwe, and much of Botswana. Northern Namibia is also a malarious area. Within South Africa's borders, malaria transmission is at its highest during the warmer and wetter months of November through to April. From May through to October the risks of acquiring malaria are reduced. Click image for larger map.

167. Malaria Factsheet with causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/Malaria.html

Malaria The malaria parasite attacks the blood and causes recurring chills, fever, and sometimes jaundice and anemia. Malaria is very common throughout the world. In the United States, the main risk is to persons traveling to tropical and subtropical countries where malaria is a problem. No vaccine against malaria is available. Travelers can protect themselves by using anti-mosquito measures and by taking drugs to prevent malaria. Malaria is a disease of the blood that is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Malaria is very common throughout the world. In the United States, the main risk is to persons traveling to tropical and subtropical countries where malaria is a problem. What is the infectious agent that causes malaria? Malaria is caused by any one of four species of one-celled parasites, called Plasmodium . The parasite is spread to people by the female Anopheles mosquito, which feeds on human blood. Although four species of malaria parasites can infect humans and cause illness, only malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is potentially life-threatening.

168. Malaria Prevention In Travelers - May 1, 1999 - American Academy Of Family Physi May 1, 1999 AFP. malaria Prevention in Travelers. TABLE 1 Drugs for malaria Prophylaxis. Drug, Areas of effective use, Adult dosage, Pediatric dosage, http://www.aafp.org/afp/990501ap/2523.html

Advanced Search Malaria Prevention in Travelers GREGORY JUCKETT, M.D. West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, West Virginia A patient information handout on preventing malaria, written by the author of this article, is provided on page 2535. The prevention of malaria in travelers is becoming a more challenging clinical and public health problem because of the global development of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains of malaria and the increasing popularity of travel to exotic locales. Travelers can reduce their risk of acquiring malaria by using bed netting, wearing proper clothing and applying an insect repellent that contains N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Chloroquine, once the standard agent for weekly malaria prophylaxis, is no longer reliably effective outside the Middle East and Central America because of the emergence of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Mefloquine is now the most effective and most recommended antimalarial agent on the U.S. market; however, the side effects of this agent have begun to limit its acceptance. Doxycycline is effective for malaria prophylaxis in travelers who are unable to take mefloquine. Daily proguanil taken in conjunction with weekly chloroquine is an option for pregnant patients traveling to sub-Saharan Africa. Terminal prophylaxis with two weeks of primaquine phosphate can eliminate an asymptomatic carrier state and the later development of malaria in newly returned long-term travelers with probable exposure to

169. Scientists Battle Brazilian Malaria Outbreak CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/world.report/1999/9911/08/index.html

170. NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Malaria . . malaria. What is malaria? malaria is an illness caused by infection of the red blood cells with the parasite Plasmodium. Who gets malaria? http://www.state.nj.us/health/cd/f_malaria.htm

Disease Index NJ InTouch What You Should Know About. . . Malaria What is Malaria? Malaria is an illness caused by infection of the red blood cells with the parasite Plasmodium . There are four types (species) of Plasmodium that can infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale . Each causes slightly different symptoms. Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious and may be life-threatening if not treated quickly. P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae require a second medication after primary treatment to prevent relapses. Who gets Malaria? Nearly anyone can get malaria, however there are certain genetic traits that do provide some protection from malaria. Most black Africans show a natural resistance to infection with Plasmodium vivax due to the absence of a specific factor on the surface of their red blood cells. Persons with sickle cell trait also have resistance to Plasmodium falciparum and are relatively protected from severe illness. How is Malaria spread?

171. Malaria Centre Home The LSHTM malaria Centre facilitates malaria research both in the School and in malaria endemic areas, offers training in various aspects of malaria research and control and contributes to global efforts to control malaria infection. http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/malaria/

Contact People Sitemap A-Z ... Departments You are here: Home Departments Malaria Centre About us Annual Report Contact us Staff and students ... Publications Seminars and events Vacancies and studentships Studying Information sources and links: Other information sources about malaria Last updated: Wed 17-Mar-2004 10:02 GMT About this page

172. Malaria Special - Main News Page The malaria Business. By the time you have read the first article on this page, six children in subSaharan Africa will have died http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=670

173. CNN.com - Technology - Net Access Aids Malaria Study - April 19, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/04/19/malaria.online.idg/index.html

technology > computing Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web TECHNOLOGY TOP STORIES Consumer group: Online privacy protections fall short Guide to a wired Super Bowl Debate opens on making e-commerce law consistent MORE TOP STORIES More than 11,000 killed in India quake Mideast negotiators want to continue talks after Israeli elections MORE BUSINESS ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Net access aids malaria study From... April 19, 2000 Web posted at: 10:19 a.m. EDT (1419 GMT) by Dan Caterinicchia (IDG) Malaria is one of the toughest diseases for scientists to battle because it is most prevalent in remote areas of Africa, where electronic communications are either outdated or nonexistent.

174. The Multilateral Initiative On Malaria (MIM) An alliance of organizations and individuals concerned with malaria. MIM aims to maximize the impact of scientific research against malaria in Africa, through promoting capacity building and facilitating global collaboration and coordination. MIM will hold the 3rd PanAfrican Conference on malaria in Arusha, Tanzania in November 2002. http://www.mim.su.se/

MIM Entomology survey MIM Entomology survey

175. CNN.com - Health - Fruit Fly May Help Scientists To Better Fight Malaria - June CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/06/29/fly.malaria/index.html

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Fruit fly may help scientists to better fight malaria June 29, 2000 Web posted at: 2:05 p.m. EDT (1805 GMT) From staff reports (CNN) The lowly fruit fly, so well studied that its genetic map was decoded before the human one, now promises to help scientists to better understand malaria.

176. Malaria malaria, its symptoms, treatment and prevention. http://www.mamashealth.com/malaria.asp

Mamashealth.com Home Category Links About Us Allergies Blood Diseases Cancers ... Read Health Books Links Email Mama What is Malaria? Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Worldwide, the disease affects between 300 and 500 million people get malaria each year. About a 1,000 of these cases are in the United States. Symptoms? There are many symptoms of malaria and not every individual experiences all the symptoms. They symptoms are divided into three distinct states. The first stage is called the cold stage. Symptoms of this state are sudden chills, and sometimes violent shaking. The second state is called the hot state. This state is characterized by a high fever The third stage is called the wet state. This stage is characterized by excessive sweating. Causes? Malaria is caused by a bite from the female Anopheles mosquito. Then the female bites, she injects the malaria parasites into the bloodstream of the victim. There are four types of parasites that cause malaria. They are: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. falciparum. When the parasite is in the bloodstream, they travel to the

177. Aktuelle Reisemedizin : Elfenbeinküste - Informationen über Malaria, Hepatitis Informationen ¼ber malaria, Hepatitis Impfungen und Tropenkrankheiten. http://www.fitfortravel.de/reisemedizin/reiseziele/L0042.htm

Elfenbeinküste aktuelle Hinweise Landesweit besteht eine erhöhte Infektionsgefahr für diverse Infektionskrankheiten (z.B. Hepatitis A, Typhus, Bakterienruhr, Amöbenruhr, Lambliasis, Wurmerkrankungen) die durch verunreinigte Speisen oder Getränke übertragen werden. Daher sollten stets sorgfältige Nahrungsmittel- und Trinkwasser-Hygienemaßnahmen durchgeführt werden. Bei Reisen in Länder mit einem erhöhten Hepatitis A-Vorkommen ist ein Hepatitis A-Impfschutz generell empfohlen. Bei Reisen unter einfachen hygienischen Bedingungen, in Regionen mit erhöhten Typhusvorkommen, ist ein Typhus - Impfschutz sinnvoll. Vor dem Verzehr und Kauf von Lebensmitteln aus billigen Straßenrestaurants und von Märkten wird gewarnt. Cholera Erkrankungsfälle werden gelegentlich aus diversen Landesteilen u.a. den Distrikten Abidjan, Adzope, Bondoukou, Boundiali, Dimbokro, Ferkessedougou, Korhogo, Man, San Pedro, Seguela und Toouba gemeldet. Die Infektionsgefahr bei Touristen ist jedoch als sehr gering (ca. 1 : 500.000) einzustufen. Daher ist eine Impfung in der Regel nicht empfohlen, sorgfältige Hygienemaßnahmen sollten stets eingehalten werden. Landesweit besteht ein erhöhtes Gelbfieber Übertragungsrisiko. Die letzten Erkrankungsfälle wurden aus der Stadt Abidjan und den umliegenden südlichen Regionen, sowie aus dem Westen des Landes gemeldet. Ein sorgfältiger Mückenschutz und eine Gelbfieberimpfung sind medizinisch unbedingt ratsam.

178. Medicine-Worldwide: Tropenkrankheiten Darstellung vieler Tropenkrankheiten wie Cholera, Ebola, Gelbfieber, malaria und Typhus mit Empfehlungen zu Vorbeugung und Behandlung. http://www.m-ww.de/krankheiten/tropenkrankheiten/

Sie befinden sich hier: startseite krankheiten tropenkrankheiten Tropenkrankheiten ... Über uns Tropenkrankheiten Henri Rousseau (1844 - 1910) "Unvorbereitetes Wegeilen bringt unglückliche Wiederkehr." (Goethe) Ratgeber Meldungen zum Thema: Kinder der Welt in einem erschreckenden Gesundheitszustand Wenn einer eine Reise tut ... Alle Meldungen Weitere Infos finden Sie hier: Berlin Hamburg : Hygieneinstitut Hamburg, Impfzentrum, Tel.: 040-428 544 420 Leipzig Stuttgart : Landesgesundheitsamt, Tel.: 0711-184 9223 Link - Tipps: www.die-reisemedizin.de www.drtm.de Buch-Tipps Praktische Tropenmedizin und Reisemedizin Diesfeld, Hans J.; Krause, Gerard; Teichmann, Dieter Beratung vor der Reise: Tropentauglichkeit, Impfprophylaxe, Besonderheiten bei Schwangeren und Kindern, individuelle "Risikostratifizierung": Clubreise, Individualreise, längerer Aufenthalt, Begleiterkrankungen, Schwangere, ältere Reisende, Kinder, alle wichtigen Reiseziele im geomedizinisch-epidemiologischen Länderverzeichnis; Die wichtigsten Tropenkrankheiten: "Steckbriefe" der 50 wichtigsten Krankheiten der Tropen und Subtropen; Untersuchung von Tropenrückkehrern: Übersichten häufiger Leitsymptome (z.B. biphasisches Fieber, Durchfall etc.), die häufigsten Fragen der reisemedizinischen Sprechstunde, Adressen tropenmedizinischer Einrichtungen und vieles mehr ; Neu in der 2. Auflage: noch mehr Tabellen und Checklisten, umfassend aktualisierte Diagnose- und Therapieempfehlungen, 22 Seiten geomedizinisches Länderverzeichnis

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