81. History Macedonia - 39 Of The Best Sites Selected By Humans Pages PZ, 4 Columns. history macedonia. CBEL Society ( 39 links, lastupdate 12 April 2004 ) * = new links WWWVL history, macedonia. http://www.cbel.com/history_macedonia/

Pages A-G 2 Columns Pages H-O Order by Alphabet Ordered by Theme Order by Popularity 3 Columns Pages P-Z 4 Columns History Macedonia CBEL Society ( 39 links, last update: 12 April 2004 ) * = new links [Find on this page] A Nation Divided - The Plight of Macedonian ... Alexander of Macedon Alexander The Greats Mother Tongue ... Hellenic Macedonia (part 2) History of Macedonia History of Macedonia History of Macedonia FAQ History of the Macedonian People from Ancien... ... Macedonians in Greece (part 3) Makedonika MyMacedonia.net Philip of Macedon Reality Macedonia : Proposal For Resolution ... ... WWW-VL History, Macedonia Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Also visit CB Travel Guide Atmosphere Oxopia

82. Russia And East Europe macedonia Through the Ages Narrative of macedonian history supplemented by illustrativedocuments sponsored by the State Archives of the Republic of macedonia. http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/History/tm/russia.html

General Sites Cold War Balkan States Baltic States ... Ukraine General Sites Directory of Internet Resources on Central and Eastern Europe and Russia Collection of selected resources arranged by region. Maintained by the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at the University of London. REESweb: Russian and Eastern European Studies Internet Resources Comprehensive listing of Internet sources dealing with Russia and Eastern Europe. Maintained by the University of Pittsburgh. Russian and East European Network Information Center Collection of links managed by the Center for Post-Soviet and East European Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. Cold War Analytic Reports Produced by the Directorate of Intelligence on the Former Soviet Union More than 800 declassified CIA reports dating from 1951 to 1991 released for a March 2001 conference at Princeton University. Cold War International History Project Project of the Wilson International Center for Scholars provides PDF formatted primary documents, a bulletin and discussion group. Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact "In response to the progressing declassification of NATO documents and the growing availability of documents from the archives of the former Soviet bloc, the Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP) seeks to collect, analyze, and interpret these premier sources for the study of contemporary international history."

83. Macedonia | Alexander The Great On The Web Also covers related aspects of Greek, macedonian, Persian and Hellenistic history,art and culture. Amazon. A history of macedonia by Malcolm Errington. http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/alexander/20.html

Top 5% History Web Biographies Individual Topics Sources Maps Academic Articles and Papers Other Academic Books and Reviews The Major Published Biographies Other Books The Image of Alexander Art, Ancient and Modern Literature and Music Movies, Television, Video Use and Abuse Religious Pages Nationalists Also of Interest Kids Discussion Groups Foreign Language Goods and Services ... Miscellaneous Related Topics Macedonia Persia Hellenistic Age General Classics Links The Useless Stuff Awards and Links to Me Search this site Gift Ideas About This Site Macedonia Articles Amazon. In the Shadow of Olympus by Eugene N. Borza, also available in hardcover . Nationalistic review. Review by Waldemar Heckel, BMCR Elizabeth Carney's triple review of Errington, Borza and Hammond ( The Macedonian State ) for AHB "Of the three works, Borza's has the richest bibliography and the most detailed scholarly discussions. He prefaces his chronological narrative with four chapters dealing with Macedonian historiography, a lovingly detailed description of the geography of Macedonia, the prehistory of Macedonia, and an analysis of the question of the ethnic, cultural and linguistic identity of ancient Macedonians." Amazon.

84. Macedonia - Atlapedia Online MODERN history WWII TO 1993 Prior to independence macedonia s history was closelytied with that of the Federative People s Republic of Yugoslavia. On Nov. http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/macedon.htm

OFFICIAL NAME: Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia CAPITAL: Skopje SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Unitary Multiparty Republic AREA: 25,713 Sq Km (9,928 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION: LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE: Macedonia has a transitional climate from Mediterranean to continental with hot dry summers and moderately cold winters. Average annual precipitation varies form 1,700 mm (67 inches) in the western mountainous area to 500 mm (20 inches) in the eastern area while the central valleys and plains only receive 450 mm (18 inches). Average temperature ranges in Skopje are from -1 degrees Celsius (30 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 23 degrees Celsius (74 degrees Fahrenheit) in July. PEOPLE: The principal ethnic majority are the Macedonians who account for 66% of the population while 21% are Albanians. Other ethnic minorities include Bulgarians and Turks. DEMOGRAPHIC/VITAL STATISTICS: Density; 80 persons per sq km (208 persons per sq mi) (1993). Urban-Rural; 53.9% urban, 46.1% rural (1981). Sex Distribution; 50.7% male, 49.3% female (1981). Life Expectancy at Birth; 68.0 years male, 72.0 years female (1982). Age Breakdown; 29% under 15, 27% 15 to 29, 20% 30 to 44, 15% 45 to 59, 7% 60 to 74, 2% 75 and over (1981). Birth Rate; 16.9 per 1,000 (1990). Death Rate; 7.0 per 1,000 (1990). Increase Rate; 9.9 per 1,000 (1990). Infant Mortality Rate; 35.3 per 1,000 live births (1990). RELIGIONS: Mostly Christians of the Orthodox Church while the Albanians are Muslims. In addition, there are also religious minorities of Protestants, Greek or Uniate Catholics and a small number of Jews.

85. Macedonia - Pan-Macedonian Network 4000 Years of Greek civilization in Greek macedonia. Contains information on history, organizations, news, culture, sports, tourism, geography and general information. http://www.macedonia.com/

W ELCOME TO P AN- M ACEDONIAN N ETWORK The official Web Server of Macedonia A plethora of historical, cultural, geographical and general information about both ancient and modern Macedonia can be found here. Please select the language of your choice, or a text-only version. Pan-Macedonian Network , a non-profit organization.

86. Internet Resources On The Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia London. history macedonia Through the Centuries; WWW Virtual Library history Index macedonia. Regions and cities Skopje Online; http://www.ssees.ac.uk/macedon.htm

SSEES Home Contact Us Academic Departments and Centres ... SSEES Intranet INTERNET RESOURCES ON THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Content of these pages is maintained by SSEES Library staff in consultation with academic staff in the School. SSEES Library is part of UCL Library Services Government and official information Elections Economics and statistics ... Other resources Government and official information: Agency of Information, Republic of Macedonia CIA World Factbook - Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia Government of the Republic of Macedonia ... OSI-Macedonia Home Page (from the Open Society Institute, Skopje) President of the Republic of Macedonia United Nations Development Programme - Macedonia Elections: Election Reports - Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (from the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) Political Parties and Organizations - Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia State Electoral Commission Economics and statistics: Economic Chamber of Macedonia Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and the IMF Macedonian Privatization Agency Macedonian Stock Exchange ... Statistical Office of Republic of Macedonia News and media: BBC World Service - Macedonian Dnevnik Macedonia Crisis (In-depth reports from BBC News Online) Macedonian Information Agency Makedonika: Online Journal of Macedonian History and Culture Makfax News Agency Nova Makedonija ... Southeast European Times Academic sites:

87. Untitled Document history are shining too. macedonia is an awesome place to visit withall of its features and its history as well. Spencer Shell. http://tps.dpi.state.nc.us/connecteurope/macedonia/history.html

Macedonia The Republic of Macedonia has a population of about 2,160,000 is about 9,930 sq. mi. in size, and has a thrilling history. It is bordered by Yugoslavia on the north, Albania on the west, Greece on the south, and Bulgaria on the east. The capital and largest city is Skopje. The other main cities are Tetovo, Bitola (Bitoj), and Prilep. In conclusion, Macedonia has had some awesome periods, but then the Macedonians have had horrible times. Macedonia is still shining in its glory and the big things the have done to have a major impact on history are shining too. Macedonia is an awesome place to visit with all of its features and its history as well. Spencer Shell

88. MACEDONIAN HISTORICAL EVENTS From the down of history, various races have inhabited macedonia,and ancient civilisations have flourished on these lands. The http://www.f1.net.au/users/igortoni/histeve.html

MACEDONIAN HISTORICAL EVENTS From the down of history, various races have inhabited Macedonia, and ancient civilisations have flourished on these lands. The chronology of Macedonia, from the time of the Argeadai Dynasty, was founded by a powerful Kingdom around 725 BC. The more recent petition between Greece, Bulgarian and Serbia on 10 August 1913, can be seen below. BC 724-512: The establishment and development phase of the Macedonian Empire. BC 512-497: The Persian Invasion. BC 479-360: The recovery of the Macedonian Kingdom. BC 399-336: The Macedonian Kingdom of Philip II. BC 333-323: The reign of Alexander the Great BC 306-168: The reign of the Antigonos Dynasty. BC 214-148: Macedonian Wars. First, Second, Third, Fourth War. BC 148-AD: Macedonians defend their rights firstly as a Roman province, then as a province administered by the Roman Senate. AD 178: Invasion of the Goths. AD 434: Invasion of Huns. AD 478: Invasion od Ostrogoths. AD 500: Invasion of Bulgars. AD 527: Invasion of some Slav tribes. AD 855: Kiril and Metodij create the first alphabet.

89. Nikolaos Martis: MACEDONIA Documents of Ancient Greek, Hebrew and Roman writers. Excerpts from the Old and New Testament and other sources. Athens, April 1995. The Author Foreword Contents. http://www.hri.org/Martis

Documents of Ancient Greek, Hebrew and Roman writers. Excerpts from the Old and New Testament and other sources. Athens, April 1995 The Author Foreword Contents

90. CNN.com - Fresh Violence In Macedonia - March 5, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/03/05/macedonia.bulgaria.02/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Fresh violence in Macedonia DEBELDE, Yugoslavia Further clashes have broken out on Macedonia's border with Kosovo, a day after three soldiers were killed. Troops in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia exchanged fire with ethnic Albanian guerrillas in the hills near Tanusevci, around 20 miles north of the capital Skopje. The renewed violence came as Bulgaria offered to send troops to Macedonia to try to secure stability in the region. And U.S. peacekeepers in neighbouring Kosovo sent helicopters and armoured vehicles to the Serbian border village of Debelde to patrol the area and observe all movements in Macedonia. MESSAGE BOARD Peace in the Balkans "We have indications that there are armed groups that have entered Kosovo and are using some of the villages around here to get out of their uniforms, leave their weapons behind and infiltrate the civilian population," said Major Jim Marshall, a spokesman for U.S. peacekeepers. "We are taking steps right now to prevent that from happening."

91. MAKEDONIKA Online Journal on Macedonian history and Culture. MAKEDONIKA. Web Site.HLA genes in Macedonians and the subSaharan origin of the Greeks. http://www.makedonika.org/

DIGNITY Arhiv na Makedonija Archives of Macedonia Online Journal on Macedonian History and Culture MAKEDONIKA Web Site HLA genes in Macedonians and the sub-Saharan origin of the Greeks Abstract: HLA alleles have been determined in individuals from the Republic of Macedonia by DNA typing and sequencing. HLA-A, -B, -DR, -DQ allele frequencies and extended haplotypes have been for the first time determined and the results compared to those of other Mediterraneans, particularly with their neighbouring Greeks. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms and correspondence analysis have been performed. The following conclusions have been reached: 1) Macedonians belong to the ``older'' Mediterranean substratum, like Iberians (including Basques), North Africans, Italians, French, Cretans, Jews, Lebanese, Turks (Anatolians), Armenians and Iranians, 2) Macedonians are not related with geographically close Greeks, who do not belong to the ``older'' Mediterranenan substratum, 3) Greeks are found to have a substantial relatedness to sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) people, which separate them from other Mediterranean groups

92. CNN.com - Macedonia President Rejects Talks - May 2, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/05/01/macedonia.clashes.02/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Macedonia president rejects talks A funeral procession for Bosko Najdovski, killed by ethnic Albanian rebels WASHINGTON Macedonian President Boris Trajkovski has rejected talks with ethnic Albanian rebels who killed eight of his security troops over the weekend. He made the announcement after a meeting in Washington with U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell, who expressed U.S. "solidarity" with Macedonia. IN-DEPTH Macedonia: Hurdles to peace Balkan hotspots Interactive map Macedonia's military ... In-Depth: Kosovo The meeting took place as riots erupted on the streets of Bitola, Macedonia's third largest city that is situated 170 kilometres southwest of capital Skopje. Crowds of mostly young people set fires and destroyed cafes and shops owned by ethnic Albanians. Four people were admitted to hospital, one of them allegedly a rioter who was shot by a store owner. The rioting came after the funerals of the eight Macedonian soldiers and policemen who were killed at the weekend.

93. Ancient Macedonians Broad information about ancient macedonia and macedonians from ancient and modern sources. http://www.macedon.org/anmacs/frame.htm

94. CNN.com - Breakthrough At Macedonia Talks - August 1, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/01/macedonia/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Breakthrough at Macedonia talks Leotard and Pardew are hopeful of a final peace deal being reached quickly OHRID, Macedonia (CNN) A peace agreement for Macedonia has moved closer after a tentative deal on the use of the Albanian language was reached on Wednesday. The language issue has been one of the key sticking points in negotiations to end months of fighting between ethnic Albanian rebels and the Macedonian government. The two sides are scheduled to gather again on Friday "with the aim of quickly reaching a final agreement on the remaining issues," an aide to U.S. envoy James Pardew told CNN. The ethnic Albanian leaders want the status of their language to be enhanced, but some on the government side fear it would be a step which could contribute to the break-up of the country. Among those remaining issues is the inclusion of Albanians in police patrols. MORE STORIES West under fire in Macedonia IN-DEPTH Macedonia: Hurdles to peace Balkan hotspots Interactive map Macedonia's military ... In-Depth: Kosovo A break in the talks is taking place to allow Macedonian leaders attend commemorations on Thursday of the creation of a Macedonian republic in Yugoslavia in 1945 by communist leader Josep Broz Tito.

95. Makedonika Collection of articles on Macedonian history, culture, and struggles for independence, from antiquity through modern times. http://www.macedon.org/makedonika

96. Introduction To Macedonia macedonia constitutes the northern cradle of the Hellenic civilisation, and itshistory, just as that of the rest of Hellas, is covered by the mist of http://www.anemos.com/Diaspora/macedonia/Introduction_To_Macedonia.html

An introduction to Macedonian history Adapted from the 1993 Calendar of the "War Museum" of Athens, titled "Macedonia: Land Hellenic." The Calendar's texts were written by War Museum's historian Mr. James Aktsoglou. Contents Ancient Macedonia Macedonia in the Byzantine period Macedonia under the Ottoman yoke The Macedonian Struggle for freedom ... [Previous Page] Ancient Macedonia Macedonia constitutes the northern cradle of the Hellenic civilisation, and its history, just as that of the rest of Hellas, is covered by the mist of prehistory. The archaeological finds and historic evidence show that the first Hellenic-speaking tribes settled in the area of Northern Pindos in 2200-2100 BC. During the following centuries, various groups of these tribes, i.e. Ionians, Achaians, Minyes etc. moved to the south, while some of the Macedni tribe (i.e. the Dorian tribe which characterises Macedonians by its name) moved to Sterea Hellas and Peloponnesus and others settled in today's West, South and Central Macedonia. These tribes spoke the Hellenic language, with a local dialect, in the same way to what happened in the other parts of Hellas. The Macedonians' cultural development reached its peak in the era of King Amyntas, Philip B' and Alexander the Great when their Kingdom expand significantly. The fact that ancient Macedonians belonged to the Hellenic world is no longer disputed, for this is proved by new finds (excavations, inscriptions, etc.), linguistic research and, most importantly, the spread of the Hellenic language and civilisation to all the then known world by the Macedonians of Alexaner the Great.

97. CNN.com - Macedonia Rebels Die In Clashes - June 1, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/06/01/macedonia.fighting/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Macedonia rebels die in clashes Government forces and ethnic Albanian militants continue to face off in Macedonia's northern villages SKOPJE, Macedonia Clashes with rebels in the mountains near Macedonia's second city on Friday cast a shadow over government peace overtures. President Boris Trajkovski has offered to grant ethnic Albanian militants an amnesty if they lay down their arms. However, violence in the region has continued, and eight rebels were killed on Friday near the village of Lisec, outside Tetovo. CNN.com Europe More news from our Europe edition IN-DEPTH Macedonia: Hurdles to peace Balkan hotspots Interactive map Macedonia's military ... In-Depth: Kosovo COUNTRY PROFILES At a glance: Macedonia Provided by CountryWatch.com Army and police sources had earlier reported that fighting had spread to the hills above Tetovo, west of the capital Skopje, where the latest insurgency to endanger Balkan stability first erupted in late February. The initial fighting in the area lasted a few weeks, before government troops declared what turned out to be a premature victory. After a brief lull, fighting broke out again a few weeks ago east of Tetovo.

98. CNN.com - Macedonia Calm Shattered By Shells - July 2, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/07/01/macedonia.rebels/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Macedonia calm shattered by shells Pardew will work with EU peace envoy Francois Leotard SKOPJE, Macedonia Heavy shelling and machine gun fire has erupted around Macedonia's western town of Tetovo and near a village northwest of the capital Skopje after a weekend of calm. Eyewitnesses told Reuters that two Mi-24 helicopter gunships flew towards the village of Radusa on Macedonia's western border with Kosovo on Sunday evening. At least 10 loud explosions came from the area before the helicopters returned, flying over Skopje. The village, occupied by ethnic Albanian guerrillas, has been a flashpoint in the four-month old conflict between the rebels and the Macedonian army for about two weeks. IN-DEPTH Macedonia: Hurdles to peace Balkan hotspots Interactive map Macedonia's military ... In-Depth: Kosovo PROFILE Francois Leotard Eyewitnesses in Tetovo said they heard artillery and automatic gunfire in the area around the hillside villages of Gajre and Sipkovica to the west of the mainly-Albanian town.

99. Republic Of Macedonia: The First Macedonian WWW Page Politics and geography of this country. http://www.b-info.com/places/Macedonia/republic/

Links News Places Studies ... Balkan Info Home Republic of Macedonia Useful links The Balkan NewScan page uses JavaScript and Java applet technologies to list current news articles on the WWW related to the Balkans. The Macedonian NewScan page same as above, but related to Macedonia. For more news reports, check the links from the Macedonian News Collection Republic of Macedonia : State Symbols Constitution Anthem Flag Republic of Macedonia : Facts and Figures From CIA World Factbook 1994 From CIA World Factbook 1993 State Department Travel Information Republic of Macedonia : ... In Pictures Republic of Macedonia : Major Cities Skopje Ohrid Sveta Sofija (The Holy Wisdom) Church ... Veles Republic of Macedonia : Other Places of Interest Struga Krushevo Kratovo Lake Ohrid Lake Dojran Mavrovo and St. John Bigorski Monastery A newer page dedicated specifically to Mavrovo was made available by Stefan Buzharovski and Dragica Vasileska Republic of Macedonia : Related Documents and Materials Domestic Constitution Political parties International Speech of President Kiro Gligorov at the UN Denko Malski - Permanent Representative to the UN UN Report on Direct Meeting with Greece Republic of Macedonia : Culture The Macedonian movie Before the Rain was nominated for an Oscar in 1995 in the foreign film category. Here are some related WWW links:

100. CNN.com - Bulgaria Offers Troops To Macedonia - March 5, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/03/05/macedonia.bulgaria/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Bulgaria offers troops to Macedonia SOFIA, Bulgaria Bulgaria has offered to send troops to aid Macedonia as fighting continues along the tense border with Kosovo. Bulgarian President Petar Stoyanov extended the offer during a telephone conversation with President Boris Trajkovski, president of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Three Macedonian soldiers were killed in the border region on Sunday which has seen an upsurge in guerrilla activity blamed on ethnic Albanians. Stoyanov said he would raise the issue of using Bulgarian armed forces to secure stability in the region in parliament if requested by Macedonia or international organisations. AUDIO Journalist James Pettifer: Mediation missions are being planned AIFF or WAV sound A Macedonian interior ministry spokesman said the country had closed the border to tighten security. Defence Ministry spokesman Georgi Trendavilov added: "We have taken all precautionary measures and the state authorities have already adopted directions for additional measures and we expect that those measures will be taken overnight."

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