141. Women & Smoking American Legacy Foundation tobacco education campaign features real women battling very real tobaccorelated illnesses light emphysema, lung cancer, and throat cancer, and highlights their real parting letters to their family and loved ones. http://women.americanlegacy.org/

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142. Bmj.com Hackshaw Et Al. 315 (7114): 980 The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. Histological type Several studies reported on the histological type of lung cancer. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/315/7114/980

Home Help Search/Archive Feedback ... Respond to this article Related letters in BMJ PubMed citation Related articles in PubMed Download to Citation Manager This article has been cited by other articles Citation Map Search Medline for articles by: Hackshaw, A K Wald, N J Alert me when: New articles cite this article BMJ Papers The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke A K Hackshaw lecturer a M R Law reader a N J Wald professor a a Correspondence to: Professor Wald njwald@mds.qmw.ac.uk Abstract Top Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Appendix References Objective: To estimate the risk of lung cancer in lifelong non-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Design: Analysis of 37 published epidemiological studies of the risk of lung cancer (4626 cases) in non-smokers who did and did not live with a smoker. The risk estimate was compared with that from linear extrapolation of the risk in smokers using seven studies of biochemical markers of tobacco smoke intake. Main outcome measure: Relative risk of lung cancer in lifelong non-smokers according to whether the spouse currently smoked or had never smoked.

143. Bmj.com Dobson 328 (7431): 70 Long term smokers increase their spouses' risk of developing lung cancer by more than 20%, according to a new report. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/328/7431/70-c

Home Help Search/Archive Feedback ... Table of Contents BMJ 2004;328:70 (10 January), doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7431.70-c Email this article to a friend Respond to this article Read responses to this article PubMed citation Related articles in PubMed Download to Citation Manager Search Medline for articles by: Dobson, R. Alert me when: New articles cite this article Collections under which this article appears: Smoking News extra Exposure to spouse’s smoking increases risk of lung cancer by over 20% Abergavenny Roger Dobson Long term smokers increase their spouses’ risk of developing lung cancer by more than 20%, according to a new report. Occupational exposure to secondary smoke increases the likelihood of developing the disease by a similar amount, says the report, which is being published in the International Journal of Cancer and was published online on 10 December 2003 ahead of print publication (see "Early View" on www3.interscience.wiley.com/ "This pooled analysis of two large studies of second-hand smoke and lung cancer provides firm evidence for a dose-response relationship between lung cancer risk and duration of exposure to second-hand smoke for the three main sources of exposure—spousal, workplace and social," wrote the authors of the international study, which was funded by the Department of Health, the US National Cancer Institute, the European Commission, and other agencies. "It provides more precise estimates of the effect of second-hand smoke on lung cancer risk in non-smokers from all sources than those previously obtained in individual studies and emphasises the importance of protecting non-smokers from second-hand smoke."

144. Lung Cancer Staging Staging lung cancer. Accuracy of mediastinal staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer. M1 evaluation. Published June 2000. Staging lung cancer. http://www.chestx-ray.com/StagingLungCa/LungCancerStaging.html

Published June 2000 Staging Lung Cancer Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths in men and women. Prognosis depends on the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis. Accurate staging, assessing the extent of local and distant disease, is necessary to determine resectability and overall prognosis. Surgical resection is the only curative hope for patients with lung cancer. One goal of staging is to classify properly operable patients and avoid surgery in those with unresectable disease. The TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) system is commonly used to classify the anatomic extent of disease. The interactive table below defines the currently accepted staging system for non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Current statistics on 5 year survival are also shown and examples of different stages are illustrated. Surgical options exist for patients up to Stage IIIA. In general, those with Stage IIIB and IV are considered unresectable. Accuracy of CT to detect lymph node metastases A meta-analysis of 42 studies published between 1980 and 1988 found (using a node size greater than 1.0 cm as abnormal) a pooled sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 81% and accuracy of 81%. The 20% false negative rate is largely due to microscopic metastases to normal sized lymph nodes and the 20% false positive rate is due to enlarged nodes from pre- or coexisting inflammatory disease. Larger series (see table below) have demonstrated even worse results.

145. Experimental Radiation Therapy Offers Hope For Lung Cancer Patients CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/07/03/targeting.lungcancer.ap/index.html

146. Latest Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatments This drug can help patients in the earliest stages of lung cancer. Our lung cancer transcript explains what packyears are. How http://www.cancergroup.com/em11.html

N O N - S M A L L C E L L L U N G C A N C E R The FDA has approved a new drug called "Photofrin" . This drug can help patients in the earliest stages of lung cancer. Our Lung cancer transcript explains what "pack-years" are. How Marijuana contributes to Lung cancer. How asbestos is linked to malignant mesothelioma. Did you know that smoking cigars or pipes doubles the risk of Lung cancer compared to the risk in non-smokers. Other substances associated with Lung cancer include nickel, chromium compounds, chloromethyl ether, and air pollutants. What are the signs to look for? A new cough, hoarseness, anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, are just a few of the tell tale signs to look out for. Distant metastases (spreading), are not uncommon and usually occur later on. Liver, Brain, and bone may be involved. How radiation exposure increases the risk of "small cell" Lung cancer. We explain all about Radon, which is an important cause of Lung cancer in non-smokers. We explain about Lymph nodes, Liver, Brain, Bone, and Bone Marrow. We talk about "oat cell" "Hexagonal cell" "lymphocytic", and "spindle cell" carcinomas.

147. Lung Cancer Dissertation By Will Roberts A scholarly work by Will Roberts, Medical Student at Leicester University, UK. http://willroberts.com/lungcancer/index.html

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148. What You Don't Know About Women And Lung Cancer We're more susceptible than men. It kills more of us than any other cancer. And our daughters are taking up smoking in record numbers. Read on. http://www.4woman.gov/editor/Apr01/Apr01.htm

Search our database by Health Topic or enter your own keywords Ellie McGrath We're more susceptible than men. It kills more of us than any other cancer. And our daughters are taking up smoking in record numbers. Read on. Karen Medina, a 44-year-old insurance agent in Tucson, Arizona, started smoking when she was 15 because "it was the cool thing to do in high school." Almost without her noticing, the stealthy puffs in the girls' bathroom became a pack-a-day habit. At 21, she finally decided to quit smoking-but lasted only three weeks before she lit up again. "I didn't know I was addicted until I tried to stop," explains Medina, a divorced mother with two children. She smoked steadily for the next two decades, even as scientific evidence about the dangers of smoking mounted, and it became less socially acceptable. With her son and daughter constantly begging her to quit, Medina was forced to sneak off for cigarettes as she had done when she was a teen. In February of this year, Medina began getting what she describes as the worst headaches of her life. A doctor diagnosed migraines. Unconvinced, a pain-stricken Medina drove herself to a hospital emergency room, chain-smoking the entire trip. There, she was given an MRI, a CT scan, and a death sentence: Medina had lung cancer, which had metastasized into multiple tumors in her brain. She was told she had less than a 15 percent chance of still being alive the following March.

149. Indoor Air - Radon - Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study (IRLCS) Iowa Radon lung cancer Study (IRLCS). FACT SHEET. Study Title Residential Radon Gas Exposure and lung cancer , American Journal of Epidemiology, June 2000. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/iowastudy.html

Indoor Air - Radon Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Air Indoor Air Radon ... Radon Links Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study (IRLCS) FACT SHEET Study Title: "Residential Radon Gas Exposure and Lung Cancer", American Journal of Epidemiology, June 2000 Authors: R. William Field, Daniel J. Steck, Brian J. Smith, et al Study Population: Female Iowa residents, age 40-84 years, both non-smokers and ever smokers, who had lived in their current home for at least 20 consecutive years and completed year-long radon measurements. Included 413 lung cancer cases (86.4% ever smokers) and 614 controls (32.5% ever smokers). Background: The Iowa radon lung cancer study had four major components: 1) rapid reporting of cases; 2) a mailed questionnaire followed by a face-to-face interview; 3) a comprehensive radon exposure assessment; and, 4) independent histopathologic review of lung cancer tissues The rapid case reporting allowed personal interviews with a high percentage (69 %) of cases, providing much more accurate information than can be obtained by interviewing relatives. This study represents the most detailed attempt, to date, to reconstruct total individual radon exposure. Exposure reconstruction included on-site measurements of home radon with year-long tests on every level of the home, in current & historical bedrooms, and in "in-home" work areas. These in-home measurements were linked with individual movements within the home. Outside exposure as well as exposures in other buildings were included in the reconstruction. The independent tissue review (performed on 96% of lung cancer tissues) provided a reliable classification of lung cancer cases.

150. CNN.com - Health - Tobacco Study: Quitting Really Does Lower Lung Cancer Risk - CDC measures reduced lung cancer as a result of California's reduced smoking. http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/11/30/lung.cancer/index.html

cancer Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Tobacco study: Quitting really does lower lung cancer risk November 30, 2000 Web posted at: 4:47 p.m. EST (2147 GMT) By Michele Dula Baum CNN.com Health Writer

151. Lung Cancer, UPMC | University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Information about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer from the health care experts at UPMC Cancer Centers, including specialized and http://lungcancer.upmc.com/

Home Lung Cancer Lung cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in the lungs. Read more UPMC is an international leader in cancer treatment, research, and education. UPMC Cancer Centers offer cancer treatments to patients throughout the Pittsburgh region and across the world; the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute carries out basic, translational, and clinical research. Cancer-related fact sheets Learn more about cancer UPMC Home Find a Doctor ... Contact UPMC Supplemental content provided by HealthGate Data Corp Terms and Conditions

152. OCAT - Ontario Campaign For Action On Tobacco Characterizes the risk and provides a bibliography of the research literature that establishes the risk. http://www.ocat.org/healtheffects/lungcancer.html

Home Health Effects Lung Cancer Lung Cancer The international consensus on cancer research conducted over the past decade has confirmed that second-hand smoke is a direct cause of lung cancer. The 1996 OMA position statement, Indoor Air Quality and Second Hand Smoke , notes that second-hand smoke is the third-ranking known cause of lung cancer after active smoking and indoor radon gas exposure, and that lung cancer kills more women then breast cancer, while being the leading cause of premature death for men. In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published a major assessment of the " Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking " (US Environmental Protection Agency. 1992) which concluded that exposure is responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in non-smoking adults, and impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of children. The 1997 California Environmental Protection Agency report concluded that second-hand smoke is a cause of lung cancer and is responsible for 3000 deaths annually in the United States. In 1998, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) conducted the largest European study ever examining the linkage between lung cancer and passive smoke ( click here to view the study ). The study found a 16% increase in the point estimate risk of lung cancer for non-smokers. An October 1998 editorial in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (7 October 1998. 90(19): 1416-1417) concluded that the International Agency's new study data, plus previous evidence, presented "an inescapable scientific conclusion...that second-hand smoke is a low-level lung carcinogen."

153. Your Cancer Risk: Preliminary Questions To estimate your risk of lung cancer, take about 2 to 3 minutes to answer some questions about your health, lifestyle and personal background. http://www.yourcancerrisk.harvard.edu/hccpquiz.pl?func=start&quiz=lung

154. CNN.com - Study: Scanning Technique Improves Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment - CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/07/27/lung.cancer.ap/index.html

cancer Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Study: Scanning technique improves lung cancer diagnosis, treatment (AP) Doctors can much more accurately judge whether patients with lung cancer should undergo surgery if they combine two scanning techniques to find how far the malignancy has spread, a new study found. Dutch researchers found that adding PET scans to the standard CT scans changed their decisions about the need for surgery in nearly two-thirds of patients studied. Using both kinds of scans could eliminate needless surgeries and save money.

155. Seattle Cancer Care Alliance: Lung Cancer lung cancer. lung cancer. These new treatments and therapies are improving the quality of life of people with lung cancer, and also improving survival rates. http://www.seattlecca.org/patientsandfamilies/adultCare/clinicalProgs/lung/

var QUICKLINKS = '' + '' + 'Quick Links' + 'Appointments' + 'Clinical Trials' + 'Symptom Management' + 'Maps/Driving Directions' + 'Radiation Oncology Services' + 'Lung Cancer Links' + '' if(document.layers) document.write(''); if(is.ns5) document.write(''); var OPENNODE = '1000,1004,1009,1010,1049,'; var CURRNODE = 1049 Home Adult Care Clinical Services > Lung Cancer Information by Diagnosis: Choose a Diagnosis Autoimmune Diseases Bladder Cancer Blood Disorders Bone Marrow Transplant Breast Cancer Breast Health Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer Endometrial Cancer Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Gynecologic Cancers Kidney Cancer Leukemia Liver Cancer Lung Cancer Lymphoma Melanoma Mesothelioma Multiple Myeloma Myelodysplastic Synd. Ovarian Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Pediatric Cancers Prostate Cancer Sarcoma Stomach Cancer Vulvar Cancer Lung Cancer Lung Cancer If you have lung cancer, you may have already decided to seek treatment at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, or you may be seeking a second opinion and want to discuss your treatment options with our team of lung cancer specialists. Our patients choose SCCA for our doctors' expertise. We can offer you leading-edge treatments and access to innovative therapies through clinical trials. These new treatments and therapies are improving the quality of life of people with lung cancer, and also improving survival rates.

156. EMedicine Health - Overview lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both women and men in the United States, Canada, and China. lung cancer, Overview, http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/15405-1.asp

Search June 10, 2004 Registration Healthcare Professionals High cholesterol can affect children. Is your child at risk? About 1 million people in the United States have Crohn disease. What are treatment options? Is there a connection between IBD and Crohn Disease? About one third of those with diabetes do not know they have it. Are you one? Two million or more Americans have schizophrenia. Is someone you love affected? One third of those with asthma are children. What are the symptoms and triggers? Asthma Cholesterol Crohn Disease Diabetes ... Mental Health You are in: Cancer and Tumors Lung Cancer Overview Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both women and men in the United States, Canada, and China. In several other countries, lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in men and the second or third cause among women. Only about 14% of all people who develop lung cancer survive for 5 years. Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a transformation that causes them to grow and multiply without normal controls. They form a mass or tumor that differs from the surrounding tissues from which it arises. Tumors are dangerous because they take oxygen, nutrients, and space from healthy cells. Most lung tumors are malignant. This means that they invade and destroy the healthy tissues around them.

157. BBC News | HEALTH | Lung Cancer Risk Greater For Women Women who smoke the same amount as men are twice as likely to get lung cancer. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1466188.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Health Front Page World UK ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Wednesday, 1 August, 2001, 00:00 GMT 01:00 UK Lung cancer risk greater for women Lung cancer is often fatal The female sex hormone oestrogen may be to blame for putting women at greater risk of lung cancer. US researcher Dr Jill Siegfried, from the University of Pittsburgh, has carried out an analysis of research into why women should be a greater risk of the killer disease. In both the UK and US, lung cancer now kills more women than breast cancer. The concentration of sex hormones may influence the growth rate of lung tumours Dr Jill Siegfried This is partly due to the fact there has been an increase in the number of women smoking since the 1960s. However, Dr Siegfried found that among people who smoke the same amount, women may be up to twice as likely to develop lung cancer as men. In addition, non-smokers who develop lung cancer are two and a half times more likely to be female than male. Adverse effect Dr Siegfried believes that the higher susceptibility of women to the adverse effects of tobacco could be associated with their higher levels of oestrogen.

158. BBC NEWS | Health | Lung Cancer 'different In Women' lung cancer different in women . SEE ALSO lung cancer 30 Jan 04 Medical notes. lung cancer grows among women 02 Nov 99 Health. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3621781.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes Last Updated: Tuesday, 13 April, 2004, 23:43 GMT 00:43 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Lung cancer 'different in women' Numbers of women smoking have risen Lung cancer is a different disease in women than it is in men, researchers have said. The female hormone oestrogen is partly to blame, according to a team at Northwestern University, Illinois. Rates of lung cancer in women have increased significantly in recent decades while those for men have remained stable. The research in the Journal of the American Medical Association also noted the effect of more women smoking. Female smokers have a greater chance of developing lung cancer, and a higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma, which is the most common form of the disease. But women also have better survival rates, the researchers said. Mounting evidence suggests that these differences could be due, in part, to oestrogen Dr Jyoti Patel Numbers of women smoking continue to increase, while rates among men are falling. Between 1990 and 2003 there was a 60% increase in lung cancer cases among women in the US. An estimated 68,500 American women will die from the disease this year.

159. Smoking And Respiratory Disease: Fact Sheet No. 5 - ASH ASHUK Factsheet on smoking and lung cancer, COPD, pneumonia. http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact05.html

factsheet no:5 Smoking and respiratory disease Action on Smoking and Health – March 2004 Introduction It is estimated that smoking causes some 114,000 premature deaths every year Lung cancer Lung cancer kills more people than any other type of cancer and at least 80% of these deaths are caused by smoking. In 1999, 29,406 people in England and Wales died of lung cancer. Although it has been declining slightly among men under 65 during the past 20 years, it is still rising in women. It is the most commonly found cancer in men in the UK and has now overtaken breast cancer as the leading cancer killer of women, responsible for 13,110 deaths in 1999 compared to 13,020 deaths from breast cancer. The risk of lung cancer increases directly with the number of cigarettes smoked. In a study of male British doctors, Number of cigarettes smoked per day Annual death rate per 100,000 men 78 (8 times that of non-smokers) 127 (13 times that of non-smokers) 25 or more 251 (25 times that of non-smokers) Increased risk of developing lung cancer Age at time of starting to smoke is important. The younger a person is when he or she starts smoking, the greater the risk of developing lung cancer. A recent US study found that smoking during the teenage years causes permanent genetic changes in the lungs and forever increases the risk of lung cancer, even if the smoker subsequently stops.

160. Lung Cancer Vaccine (GVAX) - Clinical Stage Portfolio Cell Genesys GVAX® lung cancer vaccine is a patientspecific vaccine designed to induce a systemic immune response against the patient s lung cancer. http://www.cellgenesys.com/clinical-lung-cancer.shtml

Clinical Stage Portfolio Cancer Vaccine Cancer Vaccine ... CG7870 (Prostate) (The data referenced in the preceding paragraphs represent the most recently announced data pertaining to this program.) D-0031: A Phase 2 Randomized Study of GM-CSF Gene-Modified Autologous Tumor Vaccine (CG8123) ("GVAX® Lung Cancer Vaccine") with and without Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Advanced Stage Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Back to Top About Us Product Progress Patient Information ... Contact Us

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