61. African Tribes luba. The ndako gboya appears to be indigenous; a spirit that affords protection There is a great diversity of sculptural tradition among peoples inhabiting the http://users.pandora.be/african-shop/tribe_info.htm

Home Up African-Antiques site map masks ... tribes Hear the news and discuss it, join African art goup in English or Discussions AntiquesAfricaines Français Join also our free monthly newsletter packed with auction news, fairs, exhibitions, recent items, new websites, stolen items, buying tips,... We Respect Your Email Privacy David Norden. Sint Katelijnevest 27. B2000 Antwerp. Belgium. Tel: +32 3 2273540 African tribes in African art. A complete African tribes art list, african sculptures and masks description. The visual, performing, and literary arts of native Africa, particularly of sub-Saharan, or black, Africa. The arts include the media of sculpture, painting, textiles, costume, jewelry, architecture, music, dance, drama, and poetry. visit Central Africa South Africa Madagascar Art West Africa Join our FREE MONTHLY NEWSLETTER packed with auction news, fairs, exhibitions, items descriptions, new websites, stolen items, buying tips,... African art Discussions in English A free group related on African art with more than 450 members. Share your love for African art.

62. African Folklore -- A-Z Entries Chokwe History and Folklore The luba History and The Horn ) Overview Nsibidi An indigenous Writing System. and Culture Heroes Nilotic peoples Orisha Orphan http://www.routledge-ny.com/folklore/african/azentries.html

Please note: List of entries is preliminary and may change prior to publication A B C D ... Z A Algeria Ancestors Angola Animals in African Folklore Arabic Folk Literature of North Africa Architecture Archives of Traditional Music Ashanti Astronomy back to top B Bamana Banjo: African Roots Bao Bascom, William Basketry, Africa Basketry, African American Beadwork Benin Birth and Death Rituals among the Gikuyu Blacksmiths: Dar Zaghawa of the Sudan Blacksmiths: Mande of Western Africa Body Arts: African American Arts of the Body Body Arts: Body Decoration in Africa Body Arts: Hair Sculpture Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi back to top C Callaway, Bishop Henry

63. The First Masks Over thirty thousand years ago, somewhere in africa, an indigenous Hunter the Latin, persona, which means mask. For early indigenous peoples, masks were a http://www.webzinemaker.net/africans-art/index.php3?action=page&id_art=28378

64. Art/Auctions: Arts Of Africa, Oceania And The Americas At Sotheby's, May 19, 200 guardian head, a Yombe flywhisk, a luba bowstand, a masking tradition among the Ekpeye people and has circular leather ear flaps with indigenous restoration. http://www.thecityreview.com/s01stamp.html

Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas Sotheby's Saturday, May 19, 2001, 10:15AM Sale 7659 By Carter B. Horsley This season Sotheby's has combined its Tribal Art, American Indian Art and Pre-Columbian Art auctions into one catalogue. The 87 lots of Oceanic Art start the auction at 10:15AM, Saturday, May 19, 2001, followed by 159 lots of the arts of Africa. The afternoon session, which starts at 2PM, will begin with 27 lots of American Indian Art, the smallest number in many seasons, followed by 148 lots of Pre-Columbian Art. While the sale recorded some good prices, only 75.66 percent of the 419 offered lots sold fora total of $6,767,745 including the buyer's premiums. Oceanic Art The Oceanic section of this auction has many fine works included a superb canoe prow, a fine canoe splash board, a wonderful dance paddle, an excellent gope board, a nice "pig killer," a fine ancestor plaque, and some good masks. Lot 38, canoe prow, 83 inches long, Geelvink Bay, Irian Jaya The canoe prow, shown, above, Lot 38, comes from the Geelvink Bay in Irian Jaya and measures 83 inches in length and has a conservative estimate of $60,000 to $90,000. It sold for $55, 375 including the buyer's premium as do all results mentioned in this article.

65. Africa (tw8)(afr1Page2) Bondo, Kongo, Suku, Chokwe, Lulua, Songye, luba.). part the country, people, religion, sociology, material examines the images of indigenous africa from the http://members.ozemail.com.au/~tribalbooks/afr1Page2.html

Africa page links Page 2 of 2 LUKLUK GALLERY index Koloss , Hans-Joachim. ART OF CENTRAL AFRICA . Masterpieces from the Berlin Museum fur Volkerkunde. BNo. 0-87099-590-1. First Edition, 1990 (pb). Pp: 87; 280mm x 215mm; 0.38kg. 18 col, 46 b/w, 6 fig, 1 map. Foreword, acknowledgments, introduction, bibliography, appendix. A very good paperback copy. Wrp: vg. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1990. (This book is a catalogue for an exhibition of art from Zaire and adjacent parts of Angola and the People's Republic of Congo.) (Keywords: Ethnology, artefacts, Azande, Bondo, Kongo, Suku, Chokwe, Lulua, Songye, Luba.). Book Code: AU index Leuzinger , Elsy. AFRICA . The Art of Negro People. BNo. n/a. First Edition, 1960. Pp: 247; 225mm x 175mm; 0.70kg. 63 col, 144 fig, 4 maps. Table of cultures, bibliography, glossary, index. A very good part the country, people, religion, sociology, material, technique and form are discussed. In Part II all the main style regions are covered. The author has selected some 64 examples of African art which are illustrated in full colour) (Keywords: Ethnology, sociology, Africa, Baule, Guro, Banum, Bakota

66. Cartographic History the encounter with nonwestern peoples (and the of a wide variety of indigenous African mapping including Tabwa scarification patterns and luba lukasa boards http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/cartohis.htm

Library Catalog The History of Cartography related to Africa Maps and the history of science The history of western mapping and cartography is interwoven with many important themes and trends: the history of navigation and exploration, economic development and the expansion of European mercantile interests, the encounter with non-western peoples (and the subsequent re-introduction of classical traditions into the west), the rivalries of competing European interests, the relationship of scholars and elites within and among nation states, the development of printing, the increasing need for control over the newly encountered territories from the contact period through colonialism, along with the technology of integrating text and graphics in printed works, the economics of commercial publishing, and so many more topics that one way or another impact upon this story. Herodotus (c. 484-425 BC) is considered the first known historian of the western world. He reported (quite skeptically) the Phoenician circumnavigation of Africa (Waterfield 1998, 4:42). He also documented a scribe's account of the sources of the Nile, which was accepted until the late 19th century: "The account of Herodotus, based on a story told him by a scribe, that the Nile had its source between the two conical peaks of Crophi and Mophi and flowed in two channels to the north and south had considerable influence on future geographers. It accounted for the undue prolongation of the Nile to the south and for the erroneous ascription of the same source to the Nile and the Zambezi" (Lane-Poole 1950:3). The tenacity of this account is truly astounding, as evidenced by the fact that David Livingstone "was still pursuing the Herodotan myth" in the middle of the 19

67. DOCUMENT 4TH_WRLD.TXT FOURTH WORLD NATIONS CONFLICTS AND to achieve recognition of indigenous peoples rights to United States); Tibetans and indigenous Taiwanese (China Warlpiri (Australia); Shaba, luba, and Kasai http://www.cwis.org/fwdp/International/4th_wrld.txt

usaoffice@cwis.org OCR Software provided by Caere Corporation

68. Operation World - Detailed Information Swahili in east and south, luba in centre 8 The Pygmy peoples have long been despised and by Congolese and largely neglected by indigenous denominations, yet http://www.gmi.org/ow/country/conz/owtext.html

Congo-DRC Democratic Republic of Congo (Formerly Zaire) April 14-15 Africa Quick Find Home About Us Authors Calendar CD Developer CD-ROM Contact Information Errata Web Links Factbook FAQ Feedback GMI Maps OM Literature One Hundred Days Operation World book Other Languages Overhead Transparencies OW Team Paternoster Permissions Policy Pray Today Prayer Resources Publisher Technical Support Technical Specifications Updates Wall Map Web Developer Window on the World Home Pray Today Summary Religion ... Tech Support click to enlarge GEOGRAPHY Area 2,344,858 sq.km. Congo contains most of the Congo River system and much of the vast Central African rainforest. Population Ann.Gr. Density 22 per sq.km 30 per sq.km 45 per sq.km Large areas are sparsely populated. Capital Kinshasa 5,950,000. Other major cities: Lubumbashi 1,050,000; Mbuji-Mayi 1,050,000. Urbanites PEOPLES An estimated 450 ethnic and linguistic groups; numerous sub-groups. Bantu 82.4%. Over 300 ethnic groups speaking over 150 languages in centre and south. Largest: Luba(2) 8mill.; Kongo and Kituba 7.9m; Lingala 1.9m; Tetela 1.1m; Songe 1.0m; Swahili 1.0m; Shi 980,000; Nkundu 910,000; Nandi 900,000; Yombe 780,000; Chokwe 750,000; Ngala 735,000; Lega(2) 700,000; Mongo 675,000; Phende 630,000; Haavu 595,000; Tabwa 590,000; Lala-Bisa 540,000; Banyamulenge (Tutsi living in Congo) 500,000. Sudanic 13%. Possibly 100 peoples speaking more than 50 languages in north. Largest: Ngbaka 1.27m; Mangbetu 910,000; Lugbara 840,000; Lendu 800,000; Azande 730,000.

69. PRECOLONIAL METALWORKING IN AFRICA : A BIBLIOGRAPHY. The Zulu people as they were before the white man came. In Roberts, MN Roberts, AF eds Memory luba art and indigenous African metallurgy nature and culture http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RBurt/MinHistNet/Africa.html

PRECOLONIAL METALWORKING IN AFRICA : A BIBLIOGRAPHY. Originally compiled by Dr Tim Maggs and staff of the Natal Museum, Private Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa. Maintained and updated by Dr Duncan Miller, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. This version dated: 30 May 1998 June 1, 1998. The archaeology of Africa - food, metals and towns :750-833. London: Routledge) which contains numerous references not listed below. If you find this bibliography useful please cite it as a reference in publication as: Pre-colonial metalworking in Africa, especially southern Africa: a bibliography :1-67. Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town (African Studies Library). ABUKAKAR, N. 1992. Metallurgy in northern Nigeria: Zamfara metal industry in the 19th century. In Thomas-Emeagwali, G. ed Science and technology in African history with case studies from Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, and Zambia :55-78. Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press. ACKERMAN, D. 1983. Marale van groot argeologiese belang.

70. Met Special Topics Page | Ways Of Recording African History by the mbudye association of the luba peoples from what is they conveyed to the rest of luba society through written in Ge ez, the indigenous written language http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ahis/hd_ahis.htm

Related Timeline Content Timelines Central Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. Eastern and Southern Africa, 1400-1600 A.D. Eastern Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. Guinea Coast, 1600-1800 A.D. Southern Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. Western and Central Sudan, 1000-1400 A.D. Western and Central Sudan, 1400-1600 A.D. Western and Central Sudan, 1600-1800 A.D. Special Topics African Christianity in Ethiopia African Lost-Wax Casting Calligraphy in Islamic Art Empires of the Western Sudan Exchange of Art and Ideas: the Benin, Owo, and Ijebu Kingdoms Inland Niger Delta Kingdoms of Madagascar: Maroserana and Merina The Kuba Kingdom The Luba and Lunda Empires Origins and Empire: the Benin, Owo,and Ijebu Kingdoms Political African Women of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries Portraits of African Leadership Trade and the Spread of Islam in Africa Trade Relations Among European and African Nations Maps World Map, 1600-1800 A.D. Africa Map, 1600-1800 A.D. British Museum, London Ndop Figure of King Shyaam aMbul a Ngoong, late 18th century Wood; H. 21 1/2 in. (54.6 cm) www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk

71. Musées Afrique indigenous Knowledge in South Biombo, Salampasu, Lwalu, Tshokwe, luba, Zela, Hemba Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya . http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html

MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town Gold of Africa Museum . Martin Melck House 96 Strand Street Bijoux d'or d'Afrique de l'Ouest (coll Barbier-Mueller); objets d'or des civilisations d'Afrique australe Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12

72. Africa Update Archives classificat ion of African languages; indigenous African pictographic which means all these people. (26) This For example, Tshiluba (Congo) and luba Kasai http://www.ccsu.edu/Afstudy/upd4-3.html

Vol. IV, no. 3 (Summer 1997) Pan-African Language Patterns Revisited. HOME ARCHIVES Table of contents Editorial: Pan-African Language Patterns Revisited by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Chief Editor Dr. Katherine Harris, Central Connecticut State University African Languages and Ebonics Pan-African Language Patterns Revisited In the Spring issue of Africa Update we included perspectives on African-French linguistic interaction as well as Afro-Jamaican language patterns. We complete the discussion of the pan-African linguistic system by examining the African-American dim ension. In response to our request for an up-to-date account of the "Ebonics" debate and aspects of continental African impact on African-American speech patterns, Dr. Katherine Harris has provided us with a scholarly detailed analysis which we are proud to include in this issue. She provided us with more than seventy references but because of our limited space we found it necessary to reduce these to a few selected references. Readers who are interested in the full body of references should fe el free to contact us for this. Dr. Harris argues that the Ebonics debate intersects some important issues such as the geographical configurations of Africa in the 1500's and after; the linguistic heritage of those Africans that were EXPATRIATED to the Americas; the ongoing classificat ion of African languages; indigenous African pictographic and other systems of writing; and the interesting issue of vocabulary retention. She informs the reader of a wide range of terms that are of continental African origin, and which have become embedd ed in African-American speech in particular and American speech in general. There is also emphasis on some of the structural changes which have also taken place.

73. Africa Individual Country Information 4 largest tribes • Bantu – largest • Mongo, luba, Kingo 45 Sunni Muslim 79% (in north), indigenous belies 25 AIDS of living 3 million people • HIV/AIDS http://www.diplomacy.org/africa3.html

Libya Chad Central African Republic Niger ... Tanzania Libya **facts taken from the CIA website, for more details click on link below www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/ly.html Location: Climate: Population: Ethnicities: Religion: Language: Government: Capital: Independence: National Day: No Libyan Embassy in the United States Economy: - wheat - barley - olives - dates - citrus - vegetables - peanuts - soybeans - cattle - petroleum Currency: Disputes: top Chad **facts taken from the CIA website, for more details click on link below www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/cd.html Location: Climate: Population: Nationality: Ethnic: Religion: Language: Government: Independence: Economy: Currency: Disputes: top Central African Republic **facts taken from the CIA website, for more details click on link below

74. Correctional Service Canada - International Indigenous Symposium On Corrections stressed, similar to what is found elsewhere in africa. proverbs, which come from the luba society studied Nonregistered indigenous people from neighbouring http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/forum/international/int_e-18_e.shtml

Some Aspects of Civil Liability in the Traditional Law of the Democratic Republic of Congo Paper Presented by Emmanuel Lussambo Attorney General Supreme Court of Justice INTRODUCTION I will be speaking today about some aspects of civil liability in the traditional law of the Democratic Republic of Congo. I will only be looking at some aspects because traditional law covers a broad range of traditions belonging to more than two hundred and fifty ethnic groups or tribes that make up the Congolese people, each of them having their own system for resolving problems. In the absence of a codification or exhaustive systematic studies of all the country's customs, traditional law can be understood only by focusing on those aspects that have been studied by a small group of well known researchers and authors including A. Sohier, E. Possoz, J. Vansina, E. Lamy, Cl. Mafema, and B. Kalongo Mbikayi. Moreover, because of time constraints at this symposium, it is obvious that I cannot present all aspects of traditional law. Thus I will consider only the following topics: 1 . The concept of civil liability in traditional Congolese society

75. BELGIAN CONGO Among the different indigenous peoples who opposed a major Baron Dhanis 1862 1909 (5) Other peoples who opposed among others the Budja, the luba-Katanga, the http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Belgian_Congo.html

BELGIAN CONGO See also CONGOLESE PROVINCES 1885 - 1945 ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN CONGO 1885 - 1945 LADO ENCLAVE 1894 - 1910 BELGIAN EAST AFRICA 1916 - 1945 RUANDA - URUNDI 1916 - 1945 CONGO FREE STATE In 1876, as a result of an International Geographical Conference held in Brussels, at the initiative of Leopold II, King of the Belgians, (1835 - 1909 the Association Internationale Africaine charged with the "propagation of civilisation among the peoples of the Congo region by means of scientific exploration, legal trade and war against the "Arabic" slavetraders" was established. The actual work was entrusted to the different National Committees which were set up soon afterwards. Among these, the Belgian National Committee started its activities in 1877. At first these were limited to the eastern parts of later Congo, but soon it also started to show interest for the Lower Congo region. Taking advantage of these activities in the western parts, Leopold II set up, in 1878 an "international commercial, scientific and humanitarian committee", the Comité d'Études du Haut Congo - C.E.H.C.

76. Our Story 2,000 years ago, displacing or absorbing indigenous hunters and Immigrants came primarily from the luba and Lunda in the 19th century by Ngoni peoples from the http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~trsck/Our Story.htm

Home About Us Education Contact Us ... Zam Facts design by Clement Katulushi email: trsck@leeds.ac.uk A bit of HISTORY on Friday 15 November 1996 100 years ago A special correspondent to the Mercury in Chambezi, Northern Rhodesia, reports the capture of several Arab caravans entering the country with guns and ammunition, and others passing through to the coast with slaves. The Zambian Flag : Brief description - green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag The Zambian flag was hoisted for the first time at midnight, 23rd October, 1964. It symbolizes patriotism and the nation's wealth. Its basic color is green with an orange colored eagle in flight over a rectangular block of three vertical stripes in red, black, and orange (left to right). Red represents the struggle for freedom; black, the people of Zambia; orange, the country's mineral wealth; and green, the natural resources. The eagle in flight symbolizes the freedom in Zambia and the ability to rise above the country's problems. National Anthem Stand and sing of Zambia, proud and free, Land of work and joy in unity, Victors in the struggle for the right, We have won freedom's fight. All one, strong and free.

77. Democratic Republic Of The Congo / DRC (Kinshasa) An annotated guide to internet resources on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. luba and Kuba, the Yoruba and the States of Ife and Oyo, by Professor Giblin, Department of History, University http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html

Countries Democratic Republic of the Congo Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: DRC News ABC Nightline - Heart of Darkness Site for the five-part TV series hosted by Ted Koppel. Program transcripts, a journal by the producer of life in the Eastern Congo, people profiles, relief efforts, the link between coltan, cell phones and the DRC. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/nightline/ Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-mer (Bruxelles, Belgium) In French, English, Dutch. "The Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences was founded in 1928 with the aim of promoting scientific knowledge in overseas regions" [esp. Congo-Kinshasa]. "The Academy is divided into three Sections: the Section of Moral and Political Sciences, the Section of Natural and Medical Sciences and the Section of Technical Sciences." Publishes Biographie belge d'Outre-Mer (first pub. in 1941, formerly la Biographie Coloniale Belge . Publishes three series of . http://users.skynet.be/kaowarsom/ Aequatoria Archives Research Project Based at the Research Center of the International Pragmatics Association, University of Antwerp, and works with the

78. Indigenous Peoples Of The World - The Chewa The Chewa ethnolinguistic minority people in words and pictures. http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/index.jsp

79. Minorities At Risk (MAR) to Conakat came from other luba elements indigenous to the in the region as well as the people of Katanga and agrarians, or the fact that the lubaKasai, who http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/drclunda.htm

Lunda-Yeke of Zaire Group Population (1998): 980 000 (2% of total population) Group Type: Communal contender Click here to view General Chronology Risk Assessment Analytic Summary At independence from Belgium, the Lunda leader Moise Tshombe and his organization Conakat (Confederation of Katangan Associates) fought for the secession of the Katanga region. Conakat supporters were essentially drawn from the Lunda and Yeke ethnic groups. These two peoples were highly resentful of the Luba-Kasai who had been brought into Katanga by the Belgians in the mid-twentieth century to work the mines. Over time, the Luba-Kasai also became administrative and business leaders in the region which further fueled the resentment of the Lunda and Yeke who described themselves as "authentic Katangans." In 1957, the Luba-Kasai scored another victory in the region by winning the majority of urban council seats in the 1957 election. Tshombe unsuccessfully attempted to oust the Luba-Kasai from the region as part of his secessionist strategy. Under the Mobutu Sese Seko regime, the Lunda and Yeke were often used as pawns, on the one hand being encouraged to drive out the Luba-Kasai (in 1992-93, it is estimated that at least 10,000 people, mostly Luba-Kasai, were killed and 250,000 left Shaba for Kasai), but on the other gaining little representation within the central government. The economic dimension is critical in the region as well as the people of Katanga have wanted a degree of autonomy largely because their region produces most of the wealth of Zaire, and yet its wealth is not translated into local prosperity (ECDIS00 = 2).

80. The Colonial State the Chokwe began to attack the luba as well and to gain military superiority over the indigenous population of Once they conquered a people, the Chokwe rapidly http://www.congo2000.net/english/history/kingdom.html

The Former Kingdoms The western bantou are at the origin of more Ancient kingdoms in Democratic Republic of Congo, the most known is the Kongo kingdom (15th century) and the other one is probably the Kuba kingdom (17th century). The oriental bantou began with the kingdoms Luba (16th century) and Lunda (17th century). The Kongo, Lunda, Luba, and Kuba state systems shared certain common features, I.The Kongo kingdom The Kongo Kingdom was the first state on the west coast of Central Africa to come into contact with Europeans. Portuguese sailors under Diogo Cao landed at the mouth of the Congo River in 1482 . Cao traveled from Portugal to Kongo and back several times during the 1480s, bringing missionaries to the Kongo court and taking Kongo nobles to Portugal in 1485. In the 1490s, the king of Kongo asked Portugal for missionaries and technical assistance in exchange for ivory and other desirable items, such as slaves and copperwares a relationship, ultimately detrimental to the Kongo, which continued for centuries. Competition over the slave trade had repercussions far beyond the boundaries of Kongo society. Slave-trading activities created powerful vested interests among both Africans and foreigners; the Portuguese and later the Dutch, French, British, and Arabs.

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