61. The Night Sky In The World A comprehensive atlas of satellite images and artificially created maps of different light pollution measurements covering the globe. http://www.lightpollution.it/dmsp/

Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute The night sky in the World Home Page How we surveil the situation of the night sky with satellites The DMSP satellite and its Operational Linescan System The World Atlas of sea level artificial night sky brightness ... The night sky live All rights reserved The night sky in the World Satellite monitoring of the artificial night sky brightness and the stellar visibility The interest for the protection of the night sky from light pollution is growing every day. A global scale periodic monitoring of the situation is necessary. Nighttime images of the Earth at night have been obtained from the Defense Metereological Satellite Program (DMSP) of the US Air Force since early '70. The first global image was obtained by Woodruff Sullivan in late '80. These images only showed the geographic distribution of the sources on the Earth surface because the satellite detectors were saturated by the strong flux emitted by them and no quantitative measurements were possible. Since 1998 unsaturated data become available, allowing quantitative measurements of the upward light flux emitted by sources.

62. Travel Column: Hotels Cut Light Pollution, See Stars Travel Column Hotels Cut light pollution, See Stars TravelWatch JonathanB. Tourtellot National Geographic Traveler Updated March 19, 2004. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0318_040319_travelwatch.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story Travel E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Win a National Geographic photo workshop in Santa Fe Looking for the ideal gift for Dad or Grads? Send the gift of National Geographic for a special price of $19! Travel Column: Hotels Cut Light Pollution, See Stars TravelWatch Jonathan B. Tourtellot National Geographic Traveler Updated March 19, 2004 Read the full Gas station and restaurant signs glow against a sunset in Eucla Station, Western Australia. More News Kids News The Environment Travel National Geographic Channel Special Series Emerging Explorers TravelWatch National Geographic Out There Oceans ... Pulse of the Planet At 3 a.m. my wife felt the call, pulled on some clothes, stepped outside, and stopped cold. "Come here!" she whispered. I did. She simply pointed up. "Blazing with stars" doesn't capture it. Stars upon stars upon stars, a million far-flung suns, in a night so silent it seemed you could almost hear the sky. Most of us rarely see such stars. They hide shrouded not only by cloud and haze but by the reflected glare of excessive lighting, even when we travel to countryside destinations.

63. Light Pollution And Boating Safety Presentation explaining the problem that unshielded lighting presents to boat crews and how it can cause boating accidents. Requires Microsoft Powerpoint http://members.aol.com/copernicanview/LP_Boating.ppt

ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿnðš¤5§o ë,ÿ  <‘îʌþ‡ v€ ( € ( € ( €)ßòbü¥Z² ÎN¿ýôj.ΎH’ysœ¿ýôƞ¤Ú™÷þûÿßF•Ù^Î#í?ãå½×?­R1šIè^¦@P @P @P @ NûïEõ?ғwDHÛ0ãÖ êjê¢É“~p É?ç֚­k b <¯ñòÿK5̱±±ÙÙÙÝÝݳ³³MÿÆëû«¯ÿQ¿ðW_ÿemÿäää‡Øý®ÏÝÆÑׁ¹¹¹^ƒšžê,½ýH!ÇÊÿ666ÔÔԓ <í™tô«+-ñ™ItðúþúàÕ¸KÊV <ÍʹèÿŸëMϕØÄ ù¥ŸÿӛktgB»7ɔ0 !‰]2Ó$½ÖA˖½nr¾ñžF‚Ä–/#!Ú/ªr«µ¯AÝ@iͧjviáLDn¢ŠåøÑÑ-³ <šQ(FG%äáV@äµ <;ß`C <l  <ӄY• <ì¼²ÆL_úû‚ØጏQÄéò€sp–¤£rÎ!Q–ñJãbHd—_ž/»Ø¼ŽYSê³øY»¥€èûç <®L`ÙK Ý# ° så‡XDa©×mÑQÙ4] ¥]üáç^û‹ÀΠÕè"V <ºt f3Œ‚’Èɞõ¦o:Šéä€mËG+· yËi^6 WÖE먟/ùˆ®è(´ 8=ðªU „F9;ämäîáŽà ㄀»udªaiæh'6šeE9mtx"·¸]â <á ˆþ ¯ O6d§@êS¸ë‡þêþ·]¿ÝJË ù“KöQô"söSŠÚ0ùúƒ~ÙW$בj0Il“å[ +¡^ <I¥M$nJO8H¥Q‰O®¾ÖmùÆ8‹w`¡t` O6ÕP$† MB%ä îâ£B¢‚îCœ/n°² ÞÏ1 <äz¢¤_ðs”Aà w¢LZÉÐ+@$É ¦­+œðAë <4(ÚJ,ΦÖû½M‘žùZì4½4P¥Q?Sü€ýóì0úJ¬(f‰b§‘_

64. BuildingGreen.com - Light Pollution EBN Feature Article light pollution is something that few of us give muchthought to. light pollution Efforts to Bring Back the Night Sky. http://www.buildinggreen.com/features/night/nightlight.html

Search for: articles GreenSpec case studies reference ... log in Light Pollution: Efforts to Bring Back the Night Sky From EBN Volume 7, No. 8 September 1998 Understanding Light Pollution Ecological and Health Risks of Light Pollution Lamp Characteristics Outdoor Lighting, Safety, and Crime ... Minimizing Light Pollution: A Checklist for Action Light pollution is clearly evident in this composite nighttime satellite photo of the United States (1978). Source: International Dark-Sky Association Understanding Light Pollution Light pollution has been brought to our attention primarily by astronomers who are increasingly unable to view the night sky. Many of our most important research observatories built over the past century are severely compromised today. Mount Wilson's 100-inch (2.5 m) telescope near Los Angeles is virtually useless for deep-sky observations. The Palomar Mountain Observatory, with its 200-inch (5 m) telescope, was built 50 years ago far from any city, but it is now at risk of being unable to continue many key types of research due to light pollution from San Diego and Escondido. Even Hawaii's Mauna Kea observatory, at an elevation of 14,000 feet (4,300 m), is beginning to be affected by light pollution. According to astronomy professor Arthur Upgren of Wesleyan University, about 2,500 individual stars should be visible to the human eye in an unpolluted sky. In a typical suburb with moderate illumination, only 200 to 300 stars are visible. And in cities we can usually see only a few dozen. The reason for this is that the light pollution competes with the light from the stars. Even in a rural village, artificial light is likely to be twice the brightness of the night sky; in a typical suburb, light pollution may exceed the night-sky brightness fivefold, and in a moderate-size city, such as Middletown, Connecticut, where Upgren teaches, the difference is 20- to 25-fold.

65. Go Light On The Pollution - An Introduction To The Problem Of Light Pollution. Simplywritten site where one can learn the cause of this threat to our environment, economy and society, and how to be part of the solution to the light pollution problem. http://userpages.umbc.edu/~fmorga1/lp/en/index.html

An Introduction to Light Pollution Light pollution is the emission of artificial light into areas where it is unneeded or unwanted. It is caused by obtrusive outdoor lighting (residential, commercial, or other) that wastefully casts light upward into the sky or into the horizontal plane. You will not be able to enjoy this page fully because your web browser does not support frames. Main Problems Solutions Glossary ... More Info

66. BuildingGreen.com - Light Pollution Mitigation For Vermont Prison EBN News Item The State of Vermont and a regional astronomy club have agreedupon an innovative plan for mitigating light pollution from a new prison in http://www.buildinggreen.com/news/stellafane.html

Search for: articles GreenSpec case studies reference ... log in Light Pollution Mitigation for Vermont Prison Story in Environmental Building News Vol. 10, No. 6 June 2001 When a regional astronomy club based in Springfield, Vermont raised opposition to a new state prison slated for the town, the state hired lighting engineer (and new EBN Advisory Board member) Nancy Clanton to come up with a plan for reducing light pollution in the prison design. While her firm came up with an outdoor lighting plan for the prison that uses state-of-the-art technologies and designs to minimize light pollution to the extent possible, generating a certain amount of excess outdoor light is unavoidable with a prison. So Clanton suggested something novel: light pollution mitigation. If the state would pay for measures to reduce light pollution from area businesses to compensate for all of the additional light pollution that will result from the new prison, everybody should be happy. It looks as if they've pulled it off, making this the first example of light pollution mitigation that EBN is aware of anywhere. The 100-member astronomy club, Stellafane, agreed to the plan in mid-May, clearing the way for issuance of the Act 250 permit. (Act 250 is Vermont's 30-year-old development control law.) "The State and Stellafane have come to a really good understanding," according to Maryann Arrien, Chair of the Light Pollution Committee of Stellafane and the Club's president when this issue surfaced. Stellafane has observatories just 4 miles (6.5 km) from the new prison site.

67. BBC NEWS | Politics | Action Call Over Light Pollution Ministers come under fire for their inconsistent approach to light pollutionas MPs call for serious action . Action call over light pollution. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3167276.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Programmes Last Updated: Monday, 6 October, 2003, 13:00 GMT 14:00 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Action call over light pollution Street lights are clearly visible from the International Space Station ( Image by Nasa Serious action is needed from ministers to tackle light pollution, a group of MPs have said. The House of Commons science and technology committee have criticised the government for an "inconsistent approach" to the issue. In their latest report, the MPs also criticise local authorities for failing to tackle the issue of light pollution. "There are too many local planning authorities which have not taken the issue of light pollution seriously." The politicians highlight the impact of light on astronomy while drawing attention to the way such pollution affects people's enjoyment of star-filled skies. Clamp down Home Office evidence that suggests public lighting reduces crime is also questioned in the report. The MPs called on the government to address energy waste caused by over-powerful lighting and to clamp down on growing light pollution. Their recommendations include: Making obtrusive light a statutory nuisance and enabling action against neighbours who seriously light pollute.

68. Light Pollution Information about the problem in Croydon. http://www.croydonastro.org.uk/lights.htm

The Croydon Astronomical Society Light Pollution Campaigns to control light pollution Report Home Page , with links to PDF file. Report in HTML Page and link to written evidence and Written Evidence You can see a copy of the CAS submission in the Written Evidence section of the committee web site. House of Commons Reproduced from the Committee Report th February 2003. The consultation document can be found here . Look for Section F4, Dealing with nuisance lighting pages 39 and 40. Our submission can be seen here Petition to The European Council The following is intended for Chairmen / Committees of UK Astronomical Societies The EMAIL below was circulated requesting astronomical societies to petition the European Council to issue a directive to reduce light pollution. Date: 29/01/2003 19:25 PM RE: An initiative of the European astro amateurs for the safeguard of the night sky Dear Sir/ Madame P lease find attached an invitation to support the 'Appeal to the European Council' for the safeguard of the night sky to fight light pollution. Your Association is strongly invited to sign the attached appeal form that should be returned to our postal address within February 15th, 2003

69. Environment Agency - Light Pollution light pollution has reduced our ability to view the night sky and causesimpacts on wildlife. England is light pollution. Outdoor lighting http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/pollution/152227/?version=1&lan

70. The Astronomical Society Of Malta [Sub Groups] Explains how light pollution can and is been controlled in Malta. Lots of links. LPAG is a part of The Astronomical Society Of Malta. http://www.maltastro.org/lpag/

Introduction The LPAG has been recently formed within The Astronomical Society of Malta. Its aims are to create first of all an awareness about light pollution and its adverse effects on man and on local fauna and flora. This will be done by the publication of several leaflets about the subject, together with the publication of an update to the guidance for outdoor lighting booklet which the Society had issued back in 1995. Many outdoor lights waste energy by spilling much of their light where it is not needed, such as up into the sky. This waste results in high operating costs. L.P.A.G. has come up with a set of guidelines for the protections of our night skies. Click here to read the guidelines. Together with local Environmental Groups in Malta The LPAG is studying the effects of light pollution on the Flora and Fauna. Various studies show that light pollution threatens the natural environment. Click here to read some of the studies.

71. Enlighten Maryland - What Is Light Pollution galactic neighbors. Besides robbing us of the stars and universe, lightpollution has many other effects on the world. Here are a few. http://www.enlightenmaryland.org/what_light_pollution/effects.asp

June 10, 2004 11:10 PM EST Light Pollution What is Being Done Effects Glossary For the past two million years, humans have looked up at night in awe of the beauty of the Milky Way. We have wondered where we came from and if we were alone. Only in the past hundred years have we realized that we are made of stardust. But ironically, the industrial age has started to take away wonders of the night sky, making it more difficult to see the stars from which we came and hindering our search for galactic neighbors. Besides robbing us of the stars and universe, light pollution has many other effects on the world. Here are a few. Bird Migration Nobody is certain of the total number killed across North America. But Michael Mesure of the Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP), a Toronto organization working to publicize the problem, estimates that at least 100 million birds are killed annually by manmade structures. "More birds die each year through collisions than died in the Exxon Valdez spill," he says. A tall building in the path of a migration can claim hundreds of lives. One example: From 1982 to 1996, 1,500 migrating birds have smacked into Chicago's McCormick Place Exposition Center.

72. Southeast Michigan Light Pollution Issues. Information and links relevant to SouthEast Michigan, United States. Covers local regulation. http://www.umich.edu/~lowbrows/light/dexter-issues.html

Southeast Michigan Light Pollution Issues by Dave Snyder Updated: August 2001 Southeast Michigan Light Pollution Issues Lighting from buildings, streetlights and so on create light pollution which makes it difficult to view the night sky. This page discusses light pollution issues affecting Dexter Township (located in Southeast Michigan) and other communities in Southeast Michigan. More information about Light Pollution. Existing Light Pollution Ordinances Many communities have created ordinances to control lighting in response to increased public awareness of light pollution. Not only does this reduce light pollution, it reduces costs and is better for the environment. The following is a list of existing light pollution ordinances from communities in Southeast Michigan. Brighton Township Light Pollution Ordinance. Scio Township Light Pollution Ordinance. Livonia Light Pollution Ordinance. More information on light pollution including a list of other light pollution ordinances. Proposed Light Pollution Ordinances A number of communities are considering implementing light pollution ordinances. If you are concerned about light pollution and you live in the city of Ann Arbor or Livonia, show your support for ordinances that have been proposed but not implemented in these two cites. If you live in other cities, find out if there is any light pollution ordinances for your city. If there aren't find out why.

73. Enlighten Maryland - What Is Light Pollution Merriam Webster s defintion of light pollution n(1971) artifical skylight(as from city lights) that interferes with astronomical observation. http://www.enlightenmaryland.org/what_light_pollution/

June 10, 2004 11:10 PM EST Light Pollution What is Being Done Effects Glossary Merriam Webster's defintion of light pollution: n(1971) artifical skylight (as from city lights) that interferes with astronomical observation. The sky around Cassiopeia as photographed from Wardensville, WV. The glow on the horizon is not dawn, but Washington, DC, 100 miles away. (by Brian Eney on Sept 9, 1999; 30 sec exposure on Fuji Superia 800 film with a 28 mm lens) The sky around Cassiopeia as photographed from Baltimore, MD. Not a single star is visible, despite identical exposure, film, and camera. No flash was used: the Observatory dome glows from the city lights. (by Brian Eney on Sept 23, 1999) Our definition of light pollution: Webster's definition is true, but incomplete. Light pollution affects much more than just astronomical observation: bird migration, nocturnal animals, marine life migration, driver safety, public security, the environment, and the budget. Causes of Light Pollution: Globe lights likes these look fine during the daytime, but nighttime is a different story.

74. Light Pollution Awareness Community - Www.lightfromabove.org light pollution Awareness Community where you can discuss light pollutionand become more aware through our online forum. Copyright http://www.lightfromabove.org/

-== Last Updated: Wednesday, May 26, 2004 HOME LINKS TAKE ACTION ABOUT LFA ... 'Stellar' Quotes Throughout History (Quote Count - 81:Updated 3/29/2004) T hroughout history, the night sky has inspired writers of poetry literature and song, infusing people with a sense of wonder and spirituality around the world. Assembled here are some of the great works that mention the splendor of the heavens. Please send us your contributions to this continually growing list of quotes. Featured Quote "Sirius, the brightest star in the heavens.... My grandfather would say we're part of something incredibly wonderful - more marvelous than we imagine. My grandfather would say we ought to go out and look at it once in a while so we don't lose our place in it." Robert Fulghum The Milky Way, As seen from Pecos, NM. This view, rarely seen from urbanized areas, could be your reward. The solution to Light Pollution begins with your own home. When choosing lighting for your home, be considerate of your neighbors. Properly shielded lighting will prevent Light Pollution (e.g. glare, light trespass and sky glow) resulting in a safer and more enjoyable night time environment for everyone. See More Wonderful AstroPhotography - SkyChasers.net

75. The Salt Lake Tribune -- Light Pollution light pollution. We are eighthgrade students at Hillside Middle School.In our problems. We chose to research light pollution. Many http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Feb/02132003/public_f/28994.asp

THURSDAY February 13, 2003 document.write(Banner("area=slt.opinion.position0/adsize=banner1",468,60)) Quick Search Commentary Public Forum Utah Politics Online Poll ... Religion Light Pollution We are eighth-grade students at Hillside Middle School. In our English class we have been researching environmental problems. We chose to research light pollution. Many people are unaware of light pollution and what it does to our environment. Light pollution is misused or misdirected light. This misused light puts a glare over the night sky which makes it harder to see the stars at night. Not everyone likes to go stargazing, but there are other problems caused by light pollution. It is said that in a few years we will not be able to see the Milky Way due to the glow effect over the sky. Light pollution wastes $1.5 billion dollars every year. Not only does light pollution waste money, it also wastes fossil fuels used to generate electricity. By generating more electricity, the air we breathe is polluted. We encourage people to use motion detectors around their property instead of timed lights. Business owners should turn off their neon or lighted signs when business hours are over. Homeowners should use lighting outside their house only where it is needed. If your street has light posts, there should be as few as possible. Every house doesn't need a light post in front of it. You can also put lower-watt light bulbs in your fixtures.

76. Edmonton Area Light Pollution Awareness & Abatement - Homepage Explanatory information, links, news, photographs, a mailing list, FAQ's and personal stories from this region of Canada. http://www3.telus.net/~hgibbins/lightpollution/

Focus of the Site The goal of this site is to raise awareness of the general public, government, and business about the effects of light pollution. By learning more about the topic, we can help to prevent it from spreading, and begin to reduce it. Last Revised: Sept 16, 2003 Howard A. Gibbins a member of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada If you have any comments, or suggestions, please E-mail the Webmaster at hgibbins@telusplanet.net

77. Light Pollution Report light pollution Contributed by Geoff Dudley. 1. What is it? light pollution buildings.3. How much does light pollution cost the community? Light http://www.asv.org.au/sections/lpoll.htm

Light Pollution Contributed by Geoff Dudley 1. What is it? Light pollution is a general term which encompasses all unwanted and unnecessary outdoor night lighting effects including glare, trespass, confusion, and sky-glow. 2. Why is it a problem? Little attention has been directed toward the environmental and economic costs of light pollution. It is estimated that 2.5 percent of the total Australian electricity production is expended on nighttime outdoor lighting. About 30 percent of all outdoor nighttime lighting ends up in the night sky. This is equivalent to almost a billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, more than the individual electrical production of many countries, including Chile, Cuba, Hungary, Ireland, Indonesia, Israel, Libya, Peru, Syria, or Vietnam. About one half of light pollution arises from direct upward lighting and one half from reflections off the ground and buildings. 3. How much does light pollution cost the community? Light pollution directly costs the country at least eighty million dollars a year in unnecessary electricity charges, in addition to the associated environmental harm from the mining and burning of fossil fuels to generate this wasted electricity. The equivalent of 397 million kilos of coal (or 266 million litres of oil) are burned annually in the Australia simply to light up the night sky. The proper use of full cut-off shielding, timers, and appropriate light levels, if widely installed, could reduce the overall urban sky glow by at least a factor of four in the next few decades.

78. Star Light. Night Bright. image. All this light is wasted, say astronomers, who argue that reducinglight pollution would also save money. Courtesy International http://whyfiles.org/shorties/055darksky/

RELATED WHY FILES: Radioastronomy X-ray astronomy Infra-red astronomy The Eastern Seaboard and Midwest glow in this satellite image. All this light is wasted, say astronomers, who argue that reducing light pollution would also save money. Courtesy International Dark Sky Association The Mount Wilson Observatory, high above the Los Angeles basin in the San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California. Courtesy of NASA How much light does it take to sell a car when the store is closed? POSTED 20 APRIL 2000 Feeling light-headed In most cities, there's little point in gazing at the sky unless you're fascinated by the sight of a few stars and some airplanes against a glowing background. If you have not seen a truly dark sky, you may not know that the urban glow conceals a network of uncountable stars in intriguing constellations. Whether or not you've given the subject a second thought, astronomers are certainly having nightmares about the rapid brightening of the night sky. Already, light pollution has ruined major observatories like California's Mount Wilson for deep-space astronomy. An equally pressing but invisible problem emanates from radio-wave pollution. As the world lunges toward a wireless future, the transmitters and satellites at the backbone of the global network are drowning faint signals from distant galaxies.

79. Fatal Light Awareness Program Home Page Information on how light pollution affects birds, and what steps must be taken to save the lives of birds by reducing lighting. http://www.flap.org/

Welcome This site is best viewed at 1024 X 768 pixels.

80. Manchester Astronomical Society Forthcoming Events A short page explaining how lighting can be made to reduce the astronomical effects of pollution by Manchester Astronomical Society. http://www.u-net.com/ph/mas/light_pollution.htm

A Solution for the Problem of Light Pollution by Ashley Knowles In association with the Manchester Astronomical Society Introduction As we approach the millenium, most amateur astronomers are acutely aware of the problems of light pollution and the difficulties associated with observing the night sky in heavily populated areas. They also probably feel that things will only get worse. Light pollution is a rather all-encompassing expression describing the light which hinders observation. It has several sources, including natural ones such as the light generated by the bombardment of the upper atmosphere by solar radiation. However, the most pervasive source of light pollution is the glare associated with the street lighting in built up areas. Short of moving house, there is little the individual urban amateur astronomer can do to eliminate this problem. There is some hope, however. Filtering the light pollution and viewing only the wavelengths of light of interest is one way of achieving good results. A recent lecture at Manchester Astronomical Society illustrated the manufacturing technology which is used to make filters to reject the unwanted light. This brief paper describes the efforts under way in Manchester to make routine light pollution filtering a realistic goal.

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