101. Appendices METHODOLOGY FOR VOLUNTEER/SCHOOL MONITORING PROJECTS USING lichens. One sampleprotocol for an environmental monitoring study by schoolchildren. Appendices. http://www.eman-rese.ca/eman/ecotools/protocols/terrestrial/lichens/part14.html

METHODOLOGY FOR VOLUNTEER/SCHOOL MONITORING PROJECTS USING LICHENS One sample protocol for an environmental monitoring study by schoolchildren Appendices (a) Handlens - The 'Richardson' handlens A simple handlens can be constructed out of an old pair of binoculars which has damaged prisms or has become corroded. These can be purchased second hand from camera shops or may be lying around at home. Unscrew the large lenses together with their cone-like supports from the end opposite the eye pieces. In some binoculars these won't unscrew and you may have to say them off with a hacksaw, holding the eye-piece end in a vice. Tape the unscrewed or cut ends of the two lenses together with heavy masking tape or duct tape. You then have an excellent wide field handlens with from 5-10 x magnifying power that is of better quality (and cheaper) than any purchased in general stores. (b) Lichen data sheet (sample) (c) Lichen data report form (d) Lichen grid sheet Bibliography Selected from the references given above.

102. Lichens On Woody Shrubs And Trees Return to the IPM Alabama Homepage lichens on Woody Shrubs and Trees. AustinHagan, Extension Plant Pathologist. lichens can cause other plant problems. http://www.aces.edu/department/ipm/lichens.htm

103. Key To Genera Of Foliicolous Lichens A KEY TO FOLIICOLOUS lichens AND THEIR LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI A. PART I FOLIICOLOUSlichens. Robert LÜCKING. KEY TO MAIN GROUPS OF FOLIICOLOUS lichens http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/departments/planta2/ass/robert/lichens/key_genera.htm

A KEY TO FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS AND THEIR LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI A PART I: FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS Robert LÜCKING *Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany [Version: October 31st, 2000] As a complement to the Checklist of foliicolous lichens and their lichenicolous fungi , this KEY TO FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS AND THEIR LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI is a semi-interactive tool allowing for the identification of genera, species and subspecific taxa of lichens commonly found on leaves (typically or regularly foliicolous lichens). This key is also provided as a counterpart to a forthcoming interactive key using the LIAS database in cooperation with Gerhard Rambold [RAMBOLD, Biblioth. Lichenol. 68: 67-72 (1997)]. In a second part, keys to genera and species of lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens will also be included. The key is divided into a main key leading to subkeys allowing for the identification of genera, and keys to species and subspecific taxa for each genus. With some few exceptions, the keys are divided into modules containing no more than 20 units. Keys are strictly dichotomous and corresponding key couples are paired and consecutively numbered. In order to provide a homogeneous wording, a simplified terminology is used. Ascomata are named either perithecia or apothecia, irrespective of their ontogenetical or structural differences. Accordingly, all interascal hyphae are termed paraphyses (including paraphysoids and pseudoparaphyses). All campylidioid conidiomata are named campylidia even if they are not homologous organs. The term "bitunicate" is generally used for fissitunicate asci.

104. Australian Biological Resources Study - Flora Of Australia - Glossary - Lichens Flora of Australia GLOSSARY lichens. DJ.Galloway. Back to Glossaries. lichenicolousgrowing on lichens. lignicolous growing on decorticated wood. http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/glossaries/lichen/

Skip Navigation WHAT'S NEW CONTACTS COMMENTS ... SEARCH BIODIVERSITY Australian Biological Resources Study Go back to: DEH Home Biodiversity ABRS ... Lichens Flora of Australia GLOSSARY - Lichens D.J.Galloway Back to Glossaries This general Glossary contains terms likely to be used in the volumes of the Flora of Australia dealing with the lichens (Volumes 54-58). Specialised terms that are crucial to the understanding of the account of an individual family or genus, but not of wide application, will be defined as appropriate in the relevant volumes. As far as possible the definitions provided here conform with those used for vascular plants, but there are some instances where the meanings differ and long-standing practice is accepted. It is the policy of the Flora Editorial Committee to keep the use of technical terms to a minimum so as to make it easy for the reader to use the Flora without constant reference to the Glossary. Words explained accurately, for botanical purposes, in The Macquarie Dictionary have generally not been included in the Glossary unless much more widely used in English in a different sense.

105. LICHENS—An Unlikely Source Of New Herbicides News , lichens—An Unlikely Source of New Herbicides. As a successful alliancebetween these two organisms, lichens live as a single organism. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan01/lichen0101.htm

Advanced Browse Help About Us ... Careers Printer Friendly Email this page News Magazine  Subscriptions Editorial Staff ... News > of New Herbicides In their search for new and more environmentally friendly herbicides, scientists are leaving no proverbial stone unturned. Now Agricultural Research Service scientists in collaboration with the National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi-Oxford, have found a natural compound in lichens that may be a potential new herbicide. "Lichens are unusual and intriguing organisms," says Franck E. Dayan, a plant physiologist in the ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit at Oxford, Mississippi. "They're a hybrid of two kingdoms—the quintessential symbiosis of a fungus and an alga. "As a successful alliance between these two organisms, lichens live as a single organism. Both inhabit the same body, or thallus, with each doing what it does best and thriving as a result of the natural cooperation." "The scientific names of lichens are based on the fungal parts, which are very diverse taxonomically, with over 20,000 different species," says former ARS plant physiologist Joanne G. Romagni. She worked with Dayan at the Oxford lab and is now on the faculty of St. Thomas University in Houston, Texas.

106. Geotimes - October2001_News Notes News Notes Paleobotany and climate lichens in the Precambrian Accordingto the fossil record, fungi and plants first colonized the http://www.geotimes.org/oct01/old_lichen.html

News Notes Paleobotany and climate Lichens in the Precambrian According to the fossil record, fungi and plants first colonized the land about 460 to 480 million years ago. Studies using molecular clocks — which use knowledge of gene mutations to determine when a species originated — had suggested an older date of 600 million years, reasonably close to what the fossil record indicates. But in work published in the Aug. 10 Science, a team led by evolutionary biologist Blair Hedges at Pennsylvania State University suggest that fungi had colonized the land by about 1 billion years ago and that vascular plants followed at about 700 million years ago. It is the latest in a series of studies showing that molecular clocks can yield dramatically different evolutionary time scales than those suggested by the fossil record alone. The finding also offers an explanation for the cause of two of the most dramatic episodes in Earth’s history: the global glaciation, or Snowball Earth, of the late Precambrian and the rapid diversification of animal groups known as the Cambrian Explosion. Hedges and his research team evaluated scores of genes for use as molecular clocks and found 119 that could time fungi mutations, 48 for green algae and 54 for land plants. As with a radiometric clock for dating rocks, the individual events measured — mutations, in this case — are random. But in large numbers, they average to a constant rate for each gene, Hedges says. The team calibrated their estimates against well-documented events in the fossil record.

107. Checklists Of Lichens - Index Index of checklists of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. Version 1 May 2004. Malawi In SWINSCOW KROG 1988 some lichens are mentioned for this country. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/4863

Index of checklists of lichens and lichenicolous fungi Version 1 May 2004 A B C D ... Afghanistan - data compilation by T. Feuerer. The checklist contains 201 taxa based on material from 12 collectors . 7 of 12 relevant publications are evaluated. About 350 species are expected for this country. Albania collectors . 2 of 6 relevant publications are evaluated. About 400 species are expected for this country. Aldabra - see Seychelles Aldabra Algeria - data compilation by A. Thell. The checklist contains 124 taxa based on material from 3 collectors . 17 of 22 relevant publications are evaluated. About 350 species are expected for this country. American Samoa see USA American Samoa Andorra - there is no data compilation for this country presently. About 400 species are expected for this country. Angola - data compilation by A. Thell. The checklist contains 98 taxa based on material from 8 collectors . 10 of 12 relevant publications are evaluated. About 500 species are expected for this country. Anguilla see Great Britain Anguilla - There are no records of lichens for this country. Annobon see Equatorial Guinea Annobon Antarctica collectors . 3 of 340 relevant publications are evaluated. About 250 species are expected for this country.

108. Lichens Of The Pacific Northwest Southern Oregon University Department of Biology. lichens of the Pacific Northwestphotodocumentation helpful. Basic knowledge of lichens is assumed. http://www.sou.edu/biology/Faculty/Jessup/Lichens/lichens.htm

Southern Oregon University Department of Biology Lichens of the Pacific Northwest: photodocumentation of species with comments on field recognition Dr. Steven L. Jessup The diverse assemblege of symbiotic fungi and algae known as lichens reveals itself through these pages for the purpose of promoting a broader understanding and appreciation of this other major lineage of terrestrial photosynthetic organisms. Lichens inhabiting a wide spectrum of habitats in the Pacific Northwest are photodocumented and their salient field characters are briefly described. This site is intended to facilitate learning the lichen flora in the region through the use of macro- and photomicrography of features that can be visualized in the field with a hand lens. Notes on laboratory procedures and microscopic details are also included where helpful. Lichens can be learned fairly quickly with the assistance of this web-based visual guide that goes beyond the printed-medium limitations on visual information by providing multiple images, including details of diagnostic features as well as habit illustration. Visual information and descriptions on this site, when used in conjuction with printed guides to the lichen flora, will hopefully accelerate learning these beautiful and rugged creatures. This site is intended primarily for students in Bi 442/542, Bryophytes and Lichens

109. Checklist Of The Vascular Plants Of Wisconsin WISCONSIN VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES. Presented by the Wisconsin State Herbarium,University of Wisconsin Madison, and Partner Herbaria Statewide. http://www.botany.wisc.edu/wisflora/

W ISFLORA : W ISCONSIN V ASCULAR P LANT S PECIES Presented by the Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin - Madison and Partner Herbaria Statewide Welcome to the fully searchable web site of Wisconsin's vascular plant species; including photos, habitat information, distribution maps, herbarium specimen data and more. This site presents data to the public from the Wisconsin Botanical Information System. SEARCH BROWSE Name Habitat Status County ... Common Names MORE INFORMATION Family with Genera Checklist Wisconsin Herbaria Plant Specimens Wisconsin Biomapper Website Information ... Partners and Other Resources Wisconsin State Herbarium - 160 Birge Hall - 430 Lincoln Drive - Madison, Wisconsin U.S.A. 53706-1381 Tel.: 608/262-2792 - Fax: 608/262-7509 Botanical questions : Ted Cochrane, tscochra@wisc.edu and/or Mark Wetter, mawetter@wisc.edu Web technical issues : Dr. Glen Barry, grbarry@wisc.edu Wisconsin State Herbarium Department of Botany University of Wisconsin - Madison Last updated: June 8, 2004 web logs

110. Home.wanadoo.nl/sparrius/ http://home.wanadoo.nl/sparrius/

top.location = "http://www.biodiv.nl/lichens";

111. TERC About TERC Contact Us Search. TERC in Print. A selection of recent publicationsauthored, coauthored or edited by TERC staff. full story . http://www.terc.edu/

TERC in Print A selection of recent publications authored, co-authored or edited by TERC staff full story Winners of Annual NASA Student Involvement Program Competitions Announced Commission on Adult Basic Education Honors TERC Researcher Mary Jane Schmitt eClassroom ... Hands On! Magazine 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02140 communications@terc.edu May 20, 2004/ds

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