61. FOC Country Profile - Libya Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c

62. Libya Resources Links to resources on travel, business, politics, history, culture and agriculture http://geocities.com/libyapage/

63. History history. References. For most of their history, the peoples of libya have been subjected to varying degrees of foreign control. The http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/libya/history.htm

Home Military World Libya ... Introduction History References Delights from the Garden Of Eden A Cookbook and a History of the Iraqi Cuisine For most of their history, the peoples of Libya have been subjected to varying degrees of foreign control. The Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines ruled all or parts of Libya. Although the Greeks and Romans left impressive ruins at Cyrene, Leptis Magna, and Sabratha, little else remains today to testify to the presence of these ancient cultures. The Arabs conquered Libya in the seventh century A.D. In the following centuries, most of the indigenous peoples adopted Islam and the Arabic language and culture. The Ottoman Turks conquered the country in the mid-16th century. Libya remained part of their empirealthough at times virtually autonomousuntil Italy invaded in 1911 and, in the face of years of resistance, made Libya a colony. In 1934, Italy adopted the name "Libya" (used by the Greeks for all of North Africa, except Egypt) as the official name of the colony, which consisted of the Provinces of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Fezzan. King Idris I, Emir of Cyrenaica, led Libyan resistance to Italian occupation between the two World Wars. From 1943 to 1951, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were under British administration, while the French controlled Fezzan. In 1944, Idris returned from exile in Cairo but declined to resume permanent residence in Cyrenaica until the removal in 1947 of some aspects of foreign control. Under the terms of the 1947 peace treaty with the Allies, Italy relinquished all claims to Libya.

64. World InfoZone - Libya Information - Page 2 Oil was nationalized and the leases for the USA and the British military bases in libya were not renewed. libya s history in recent years has been troubled. http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Libya&page=2

65. Mysteries Of Ancient History And Archaeology *** The Amazons *** The Amazons from libya. hough most of the ancient Amazon from libya. Is there archaeological evidence for Amazons in libya? In the http://www.myrine.at/Amazons/libya.html

The Amazons from Libya hough most of the ancient Greek writers report on the Amazons that they once had lived at the river Thermodon in Northern Turkey, beside it there is a tradition that Amazons once had existed in Libya in Northern Africa. However the Libyan Amazons should have lived long before the Amazons from Thermodon! There exists a picture on a Greek vase which obviously shows a negroid Amazon kneeling in front of an altar. Behind the altar you can see a palm-tree, so it is quite clear that the Greek artist depicted an African Amazon, apparently an Amazon from Libya. Is there archaeological evidence for Amazons in Libya? In the Southwest of Libya in the mountain area of Fezzan there were discovered very interesting and partly curious rock engravings. The engravings must be very old. Today this area is a stone dessert, where human life is impossible. This picture must have been made when living there was possible, long time ago. One of this engravings shows a female person. She wears a pointed cap , Amazons on Greek representations wear very similar caps . Furthermore this figure is armed with a bow - a popular weapon of the Greek Amazons. The conformity with the Greek Amazons is extremely striking, if it would not be certain that this picture was found about 1000 kilometers south of the Mediterranean coast in the heart of the African continent, you would suppose that these pictures belong together.

66. Country Study Libya Social Studies CIA The World Factbook libya A detailed look at libya including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. http://www.archaeolink.com/libya_history_culture_people.htm

Libya People History Culture Home Afghanistan Albania Algeria ... Vietnam You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations al Fajer al Jadeed English Newspaper (Libya) Online English language newspaper from Libya - From al Fajer al Jadeed English Newspaper http://www.alfajraljadeedeng.com/ CIA - The World Factbook Libya A detailed look at Libya including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ly.html Colleges and Universities - Libya List of schools with direct contact links. - From Robert-Jan Bulter - http://www.bulter.nl/universities/ly.htm Country Profile: Libya A general overview including history, political structure, culture, leaders, media, and more. "Oil was discovered in 1959, and with it the country was transformed into a wealthy monarchy. Ten years later, though, the king was overthrown in a coup led by the 27-year-old Muammar Gaddafi, and the country embarked on a radically new chapter in its history." - illustrated - From BBC - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/819291.stm

67. Find Out More About Libya Herodotus 480425 BC Wrote about libya Eratosthenes of Cyrene, Mathematician and Geographer A Chronology of Important Events in libya s history Rommel s WWII http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8744/mylinks1.htm

N E W S I would like to seize the opportunity today and declare before you ... that Libya is determined and committed to play a leading role in achieving world peace." Col. Qadhafi in Brussels, 27 April 2004 Statement by the White House: ... U.S. Eases Economic Embargo Against Libya 24 April 2004 (AFP/File/Fethi Belaid) Libya's Gadhafi to Visit EU Members Powell Says No Longer Sees Libya Terrorism Links Libya welcomes eased US sanctions Libya confirms first oil cargo to U.S. after ban ... Bush eases many sanctions on Libya in WMD reward BACKGROUND: Blair Offers Gaddafi the Hand of Friendship Washington lifts Libya travel ban Britain to help rebuild Gaddafi's military Libya gives up WMD ... View Breaking News re Libya's Renunciation of WMD document.write(''); from JANA: Wide scale international repercussions for the historic visit of the Leader of the Revolution Jana/1 Tripoli / 30 Al Tayr/ Jana The historic visit conducted by the Leader of the Revolution to the European Union Commission and Belgium has attracted widescale attention from various international media as tv, radio and satellite channels rushed to give prominence to the visit in the form of reports and detailed comments. The international media highlighted the extent of the warm welcome reserved to the Leader of the Revolution during his visit to the EU Commission and Belgium and the intense meeting with the President of the EU Commission and senior officials and with the Belgian Prime Minister and senior government officials.

68. Eratosthenes Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene which is now in libya in North Africa. The letter describes the history of the problem of the duplication of the cube and, in http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Eratosthenes.html

Eratosthenes of Cyrene Born: 276 BC in Cyrene, North Africa (now Shahhat, Libya) Died: 194 BC in Alexandria, Egypt Click the picture above to see a larger version Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene which is now in Libya in North Africa. His teachers included the scholar Lysanias of Cyrene and the philosopher Ariston of Chios who had studied under Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. Eratosthenes also studied under the poet and scholar Callimachus who had also been born in Cyrene. Eratosthenes then spent some years studying in Athens. The library at Alexandria was planned by Ptolemy I Soter and the project came to fruition under his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus. The library was based on copies of the works in the library of Aristotle . Ptolemy II Philadelphus appointed one of Eratosthenes' teachers Callimachus as the second librarian. When Ptolemy III Euergetes succeeded his father in 245 BC and he persuaded Eratosthenes to go to Alexandria as the tutor of his son Philopator. On the death of Callimachus in about 240 BC, Eratosthenes became the third librarian at Alexandria, in the library in a temple of the Muses called the Mouseion. The library is said to have contained hundreds of thousands of papyrus and vellum scrolls. Despite being a leading all-round scholar, Eratosthenes was considered to fall short of the highest rank.

69. Libya : Libyan Tourism And Travel At ART you will find everything you want to know about the libyan artists, paintings and art history in libya .. click here. libya, a land touched by history. http://www.libyaonline.com/libya/

Home About Libya Travel Guide Useful Places Gallery Links Libyan Cities At ART you will find everything you want to know about the Libyan artists, paintings and art history in Libya .. click here While you can listen to Libyan Music, find info about Libyan Musicians and print Lyrics at MUSIC click here Moreover, Everything you want to know about LITERATURE , Libyan writers, poets, and books is here Home Libya. Warm sun, warm hearts. A great country with a great history, a country of breathtaking beauty. High mountain chains are just one of the beauties of its fabulous landscape with green fields and sun-drenched Mediterranean beaches. The desert, watered by magnificent oasis, extends far into Africa. Fabulous villages and cities scattered amongst meadows, with oasis everywhere. Historical monuments forests, towering mountains... and a warm Libyan Arab welcome. Libya's strategic, geographical position and profound history make it a vital link between the eastern and western parts of the Arab world, and between Europe and Africa.

70. Libyaonline.com Information And Entertainment At Your Fingertips. This site focuses on libya s rich history, arts, music, literature, and natural beauty. libyaonline.com offers libyan related items for sale. http://www.libyaonline.com/libya/about.php

Home About Libya Travel Guide Useful Places Gallery Links Libyan Cities At ART you will find everything you want to know about the Libyan artists, paintings and art history in Libya .. click here While you can listen to Libyan Music, find info about Libyan Musicians and print Lyrics at MUSIC click here Moreover, Everything you want to know about LITERATURE , Libyan writers, poets, and books is here Home / About Libya Location Libya is a cultural and geographic bridge firstly between Egypt and the Arabian lands to the East, the mashreq and the territory of the Arab W, the maghreb. Secondly, Libya acts as a link between the Mediterranean/Europe and Saharan Africa. The Arabic spoken in Libya is generally different from the French-influenced Arabic of the Maghreb with its quite separate accent and dialect from the Arabic of the Nile valley. Climate Yahoo! Weather forecast, Libya

71. Mohammar Qaddafi; Libyan Strongman In 1959, he attended the University of libya and began to read the history and political science of Marxist thought. Although impressed http://www.emergency.com/qaddafi.htm

The Personal History of Mohmmar Qadaffi The role of Col. Mohmmar Qadaffi in numerous murderous attacks and in the training of several transnational terror organizations can not be easily contradicted. Reportedly, Qaddafi is to have been the financier of the "Black September Movement" which perpetrated the 1972 Munich Olympic massacre, was responsible for the direct control of the bombing of a German discotheque that wounded more than eighty U.S. Servicemen in 1986, and is said to have paid "Carlos-the Jackal" to kidnap and release several of the Saudi Arabian and Iranian oil ministers when it fit his purposes to do so. Col. Qadaffi's statements to the press should give the reader a clear understanding of his attitude toward America and the Western Democracies. He has been loosely quoted, on several occasions, as saying that "the streets of America will run red with blood" and "we consider ourselves at a state of war due to the provocations of the U.S. Sixth Fleet and the continued actions of American politicians." Although Qadaffi has been strangely silent since the U.S. F-111 raid on his compound and several key military targets, intelligence reports have verified his as having provided financial and logistical support for continued terror campaigns against America and her Allies. Several recent civilian airline bombings have all of the earmarks of Libyan involvement. Many mideast experts predict Qaddafi's major involvement in future attacks against the United States . Intelligence analysts point to the disclosure of an identified pharmaceutical plant located in a residential neighborhood, that in actuality may be a chemical munitions factory. Although denied by Qadaffi, this plant is believed to have the capability to produce nerve gases, which will add a new and most fearsome threat to the free world.

72. The Society For Libyan Studies The Society sponsors projects in libya within the subject areas of archaeology, education, geography, geology, history and Islamic law. http://britac3.britac.ac.uk/institutes/libya/index.html

73. Libya - Home Page history During the course of history at one time or another libya has been conquered and settled at by Greeks, Turks, Romans, Arabs and Berbers. http://www.africanet.com/africanet/country/libya/home.htm

Libya - Home page This section of Africanet has a lot less information than we would like. If there is anything you can add please let us know Language The official language is Arabic. History During the course of history at one time or another Libya has been conquered and settled at by Greeks, Turks, Romans, Arabs and Berbers. Libya was part of the Ottoman Turks empire from the middle of the 16th century until 1911, this was the Turks last remaining empire along the North African coast, due to the last minute bid for colonies the Italians took it from them. From 1945 to 1951 Libya was under UN trusteeship, in 1951 Libya became an independent nation. Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, led a military coup to overthrow King Idris in 1969, he changed dramatically Libya's status. British and American forces were compelled to leave bases which they had occupied since W.W.2 also thousands of colonial Italian decendents were also forced to leave. Oil exports bring the country an enormous income, the oil deposits are all gradually being taken over by the government, there was an attempt to form a cartel to resist this development, but by 1973 all foreign oil companies were forced to accept a minimum 51 per cent from Libyan participation. Libya then took the incentive to refine and distribute their oil, this stopped the need to import refined oil requirements.

74. Libie.StartTips.com history Highlights. ·libya and history. ·history Timeline. ·Historical Dates. Herodotos about libya. ·history of libya. ·history. ·history libyaWeb. http://www.libie.starttips.com/

Libie StartTips .com Libie.StartTips www.StartTips Jouw.StartTips De Mooie Onbekende van Afrika, met (voorlopig) als hoofdstad Tripoli, de Witte Bruid van de Middellandse Zee. Libya, Land van Geschiedenis en Zonneschijn. Een veilig land voor toeristen en geen fundamentalistische bevolking of regering, zoals sommigen ten onrechte menen. Libie is een land waar de reiziger voortdurend omver valt van verbazing. Global Country Info Libya Our World WorldInfoZone US-Africa Libya Info All Info about Libya (NL) ... zoek... History Chronology Mediterranean Chronology Middle East Complete History Libya and History ... zoek... Occupations Phoenicians Roman Empire Alexander the Great Ptolemaic Dynasty ... zoek... Wars Barbary Wars Barbary Wars – Barbary Coast Military Campaigns in North Africa Punic Wars ... zoek... Politics Constitution: Authority of the People Elections Revolutionary Commitees Heads of State ... zoek... Foreign Politics Politics of Libya Foreign Relations Relations Malta - Libya Arab League ... zoek... Oil Discovery of Oil National Oil Company of Libya Chemical Industry zoek... The Big River Kufra: Source of the GMMRP Great Man Made River Great Man Made River Project GMMRP 8th Wonder of the World ... zoek...

75. The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Libya The Virtual Jewish history Tour. libya. Jewish Foods of the World libya; The Jews of libya. http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/vjw/Libyatoc.html

The Virtual Jewish History Tour Libya Jewish Foods of the World - Libya The Jews of Libya

76. National Geographic Magazine @ Nationalgeographic.com The Scarecrow Press, 1998. Wright, John. libya A Modern history. Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. Wright, John. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0011/feature1/

Libya: An End to Isolation? Step into the world of writers and photographers as they tell you about the best, worst, and quirkiest places and adventures they encountered in the field. Map of Libya By Andrew Cockburn Photographs by Reza After three decades of international isolation, the nation works to shed its outlaw image. Get a taste of what awaits you in print from this compelling excerpt. Get the whole story in the pages of National Geographic Magazine This monthly special showcases a unique blend of imagery and sound. Photographer Reza describes the challenges of gaining access in an isolated outcast nation. Video 1: The Hardest Real Player Windows Media Video 2: The Worst Real Player Windows Media Video 3: The Tourists I Real Player Windows Media Video 4: The Tourists II Real Player Windows Media Video 5: Waiting for Qaddafi Real Player Windows Media Video 6: Meeting Qaddafi Real Player Windows Media Video 7: Photographing Qaddafi Real Player Windows Media We offer this forum board in Spanish and English. After owning up to terrorist acts, can Libya be trusted? Join the discussion Libya Mission to the United Nations www.un.int/libya/

77. Libya: News And Views - Letters The claim that libya s history started with the Arab conquest is similar to Gadafi s claim that libya s history started on 1 september 1969. http://www.libyanet.com/v19feb0e.htm

Libya: News and Views LibyaNet.Com Libyan music Libya: Our Home send previous letter next letter list of all letters Ezzwari has all the right I have read Ezzwari's letter recently. He presented his ideas in a rational way but I was shocked at the fierce attack on his person and ideas. We should try to respect the others' opinion, of course we have the right to differ, but it is best to concentrate on views and ideas, the issue is not the person but his views. Ezzwari has all the right to defend his Libyan origin and his point of view on Arabism and religion. We can not deny history and negate the existence of the Amazigh - the indigenous inhabitants of Libya. The claim that Libya's history started with the Arab conquest is similar to Gadafi's claim that Libya's history started on 1 september 1969. Most of us left Libya to be free and to have the right to choose our way of life, nobody has the right to force others to be nationalist, Muslim or whatever. In conclusion I would like to commend Mr.Ezzwari for his courageous position and thank Dr. Ibrahim for providing us with interesting tribune to discuss our issues. H. Raiani

78. A Short History Of Libya facts, maps, flags and pictures from countries around the world. A Short history of libya. Search Google for another short history of libya. http://www.abacci.com/atlas/history.asp?countryID=250

79. African Studies Center | Libya Page libya Our Home Comprehensive resources on libya including history, cultures, maps, photographs, books, music, sports, industry, etc. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Libya.html

Libya Page Country Map of Libya U.S. State Department Travel Advisories for Libya World Factbook entry for Libya Other On-Line Resources Related to Libya Libya The index has been created by The Norwegian Council for Africa, as part of its comprehensive effort to strengthen the knowledge of Africa and African affairs. The projects has been developed in cooperation with the information company Gazette, and wit h financial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Language s of Libya The Ethnologue is a catalog of the world's languages including information on alternate names, number of speakers, location, dialects, linguistic affiliation, and other sociolinguistic and demographic information. This database represents the 12th edition of the Ethnologue, published in 1992. The Green Book This presents the "Green Book" (Kitab al-Akhdar) of Muammar al- Qaddafy. It is presented with exact page breaks and line breaks, as originally published.

80. Libya. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 10. history. Through the Nineteenth Century. Throughout most of its history the territory that constitutes modern libya has been held by foreign powers. http://www.bartleby.com/65/li/Libya.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Libya Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Libya (l KEY Tripoli is the capital of Libya and its largest city.

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