21. Research Wizard - Keyword List By Discipline | Research | University Library Access to tools and resources for Internet and Library research including electronic indexes. Homeresearchresearch Wizard SubjectsQuick Reference http//www.commerce.net/research/stats. Internet demographics by Contains official documents, legal texts, publications, as well http://revelation.unomaha.edu/research/wizard/disclist.php3?discipline=22&al

22. State Of California, Department Of Finance, Demographic Research Unit Reports and research Papers, SR 912 State populations and Changes 1970, 1980 and 1990; US legal Immigration to California in 2002 — NEW; legal Immigration to http://www.dof.ca.gov/HTML/DEMOGRAP/repndat.htm

California Home Department of Finance California Budget Monthly Finance Bulletins ... Search www.dof.ca.gov Department of Finance Demographic Research Unit 915 L Street Sacramento, CA 95814 My CA Reports and Research Papers See ' Viewing Documents ' for information on accessing the Excel, .pdf, and Word file formats provided here. Jump to: Estimates Projections Census and Surveys Immigration and Migration ... Reference Estimates E-1 City / County Population Estimates NEW E-2 California County Population Estimates and Components of Change

23. State Of California, Department Of Finance, Demographic Research Unit Department of Finance Demographic research Unit 915 L majority of persons granted legal permanent residence The state and county populations are independently http://www.dof.ca.gov/HTML/DEMOGRAP/E-2text.htm

California Home Department of Finance California Budget Monthly Finance Bulletins ... Search www.dof.ca.gov Department of Finance Demographic Research Unit 915 L Street Sacramento, CA 95814 My CA E-2 California County Population Estimates and Components of Change July 1, 2000-2003 February 2004 OFFICIAL STATE ESTIMATES Acknowledgments Suggested Citation State of California, Department of Finance, California County Population Estimates and Components of Change, July 1, 2000-2003 Sacramento, California, February 2004. Press Release (.doc, 48k) E-2 County Population Estimates and Components of Change, July 1, 2000-2003 (.xls, 96k) See ' Viewing Documents ' for information on accessing the Excel and Word file formats provided here.

24. Statistics | Data @ LSNC.net Housing Coalition big picture summary stats re low March 2003) @ UCLA Center for Health Policy research; Firefox 0.8 Copyright © 1997-2004 legal Services of http://www.lsnc.net/statistics.html

@import url (styles/ie.css); Accessibility Skip Na v igation ... oogle Search LSNC.net Posting Archive C alifornia Courts California St ... Health Statistics California Statistics Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) - census data for the Bay Area, including Sonoma, Marin, San Francisco, Solano, Napa, Contra Costa, Alameda, and Santa Clara Counties. California Census Records @ Census Finder California Census Research Data Center @ UCLA California Census State Data Centers @ U.S. Census Bureau California Department of Education California Department of Finance - source for budget, fiscal, economic and demographic data. California Demographic Data California Financial and Economic Data California County Profiles California Economic Indicators ... California Fair Market Rents @ HUD California's Growing Latino Population: Census 2000 Dismantles Stereotypes (Lisa Catanzarite: March 2003) @ UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center (CSRC) California Institute for County Government (CICG) - joint project of the California State Association of Counties (CSAC) and the California State University, Sacramento offering county-oriented financial, economic and demographic statistics. County Data The Changing Face of Child Poverty in California (August 2002) @ National Center for Children in Poverty - current analysis of persistently high rates of childhood poverty in California.

25. Research Tools -- Prisonsucks.com Fed stats Statistical Reference Shelf; MotherJones Interactive Prison Atlas MotherJones.com, July but can not help with termpaper research or legal questions http://www.prisonsucks.com/tools.shtml

June 10, 2004 Skip Site Map Search PrisonSucks.com Research on the crime control industry Home Research Factsheets Books ... Visitor Links Research Tools Categories Starting places State Department of Corrections Obscure research tools and links Other National/Federal Sites Starting places National Institute of Justice Publications The Statistics Homepage (very handy electronic textbook) Fed Stats Statistical Reference Shelf MotherJones Interactive Prison Atlas MotherJones.com, July 2001. (Click on a state to see how much its incarceration rate has grown, how its spending on prisons and higher education has changed, what proportion of its prisoners are drug offenders, and the racial disparity between its general and prison populations.) U.S. Census Census Gazetteer Census Bureau American Factfinder Bureau of Justice Statistics ... BJS Data for Analysis page. (see the data online section) Statistical Abstract of the United States Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice The United States General Accounting Office ... UK Home Office Research Development Statistics Bureau State Deparartment of Corrections links Alabama Department of Corrections Alaska Department of Corrections Arizona Corrections Department Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections ... New Hampshire Department of Corrections, Correctional Industry

26. Current Population but only to the named persons, their heirs, or legal representatives. Source Census Bureau and the Indiana Business research Center stats Indiana. http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/www/isl/rl/sdcfaq.html

document.write(""+list[j]+""); Our Site Our Catalog The Web 140 N. Senate Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46204 Indiana State Data Center Frequently Asked Questions Q. Can I get Census records about individuals? A. The U.S. population census records contain a wealth of information about people. Individual records from the Federal population censuses are confidential for 72 years, by law (Title 44, U.S. Code). In April 2002 the National Archives opened the 1930 records to public use. The Census Bureau can release details from recent files in the form of official transcripts, but only to the named persons, their heirs, or legal representatives. There is a congressionally mandated fee for this service. Since by law, this census information is confidential and collected only for statistical purposes, it is exempt from the disclosure provisions of the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act. This means that no one can gain access to confidential census records or avoid the search fees through these acts. Transcript applications forms may be obtained from the Indiana State Data Center. The form and contact information are also on the Internet.

27. Child Abuse Research Resource a whole section on the statistical research on the www.syspac.com/~casa/stats.htm. content areas Behaviors in victimized children; legal information; resources http://people.bu.edu/croteaug/Bolen/C_ABUSE_LINKS_R.htm

INTERNET RESOURCES: Research www.jimhopper.com/abstats/ Sponsoring agency: Jim Hopper, Ph.D. - child abuse statistics, research and resources; Assistant director of Research and Postdoctoral Fellow at the Trauma Center of HRI Hospital in Brookline Massachusetts. Target audience: Open Primary content areas: Sexual abuse of boys Brief description of site: This site gives information on the prevalence of sexual abuse of boys plus additional information on the lasting effects of child sexual abuse in the lives of males. This site also gives statistics of substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect with specifics in victim demographics. Top of Page www.prevent-abuse-now.com/stats.htm Sponsoring agency: "Pandora's Box" - The Secrecy of Child Sexual Abuse. By: Dr. Nancy Faulkner Target audience: Open Primary content areas: Statistics on disclosure, allegations, substantiated cases, victims, sex offenders and child pornography. Brief description of site: This site gives research statistics from numerous research study sources including Finkelhor, Williams, Tsai and Wagner, Mendel, CCPCA, The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, and the U.S. Department of Justice. This site contains over 270 pages of child protection and abuse information.

28. Studies Of Welfare Populations: Data Collection And Research Issues: Access And Studies of Welfare populations Data Collection and research Congruence of research Agency Goals Demonstrated Benefits to The legal or Statutory Authority 12. http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/welf-res-data-issues02/08/08.htm

Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues Access and Confidentiality Issues with Administrative Data Henry E. Brady, Susan A. Grand, M. Anne Powell, and Werner Schink Main Page of Report Contents of Report Printer friendly version (PDF format) Contents Administrative Data, Confidentiality, and Privacy: Definitions and Legal Framework Administrative Data, Matched Data, and Data Linkage Data Sharing Privacy ... Endnotes The passage of welfare reform in 1996 marked a significant shift in public policy for low-income families and children. The previous program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), provided open-ended cash assistance entitlements. The new program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), ended entitlements and provided a mandate to move adult recipients from welfare to work within strict time limits. This shift poses new challenges for both monitoring and evaluating TANF program strategies. Evaluating the full impact of welfare reform requires information about how TANF recipients use TANF, how they use other programssuch as child support enforcement, the Food Stamp Program, employment assistance, Medicaid, and child protective servicesand how they fare once they enter the job market covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) system. Administrative data gathered by these programs in the normal course of their operations can be used by researchers, policy analysts, and managers to measure and understand the overall results of the new service arrangements occasioned by welfare reform. Often these data are aggregated and made available as caseload statistics, average payments, and reports on services provided by geographic unit. These aggregate data are useful, but information at the individual and case levels from TANF and other programs is even more useful, especially if it is linked with several different sets of data so that the histories and experiences of people and families can be tracked across programs and over time. Making the best use of this individual level information will require major innovations in the techniques of data matching and linking for research and evaluation.

29. Studies Of Welfare Populations:  Data Collection And Research Issues: Preexit B Studies of Welfare populations Data Collection and research at the Institute for research on Poverty is disproportionately made up of legal immigrants, Asians http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/welf-res-data-issues02/13/13.htm

Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues Preexit Benefit Receipt and Employment Histories and Postexit Outcomes of Welfare Leavers Michele Ver Ploeg Main Page of Report Contents of Report Printer friendly version (PDF format) Contents Description of the Data and Key Variable Definitions Who Is in the Data Set? Definition of a Leaver Welfare History Variables ... Endnotes The author is grateful to the Wisconsin State Department of Workforce Development and the Institute for Research on Poverty at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for making the data used in this paper available. Ingrid Rothe, Daniel Ross, and Allison Hales-Espeweth of the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Institute for Research on Poverty, and Barbara Wolfe, Director of IRP deserve special thanks for making the data available and assisting with use of the data. Thanks also to Karl Johnson, who provided research assistance from the project. Finally, the author is grateful to Robert Moffitt for valuable comments on the paper as it developed. The enactment of time limits, work requirements, and sanctions, among other rules of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), caused many observers to wonder how welfare recipients would respond: Would they leave welfare? Would they find jobs? Would they face hardship or would their economic and family situations improve? These questions prompted numerous studies of "welfare leavers," or those who stopped receiving welfare benefits.

30. School Research Topics Statistics Available for Download / Office of research and Statistics. http//dcj.state.co.us/ors/stats.htm. the related law and current inmates legal situation. http://www.cde.state.co.us/stateinfo/slstpschbib.htm

Colorado Department of Education SCHOOL RESEARCH TOPICS Notable Internet Resources from State Government prepared as a public service by the staff of the State Publications Library at the Colorado State Library Colorado Department of Education Revised Winter 2004 The Staff of the State Publications Library, Colorado State Library, is pleased to publish this list for educators, librarians, students, and parents. The Internet is a valuable resource in education. The State Publications Library tracks computerized reports, statistics, and other educational information from state agencies as part of its many services. While the sites listed below are all available via the Internet, the State Publications Library can help you find publications in printed format, too, deliverable to you via interlibrary loan or your closest depository library Web site URLs may have changed since the printing of this list. If a web address does not connect, go to http://www.colorado.gov and search by subject keyword. As with any use of the Internet by minors under the age of 18, educators and parents may want to monitor children’s use. General Information Corrections Criminal Justice System Driver Information ... Social and Mental Health Programs GENERAL INFORMATION: Colorado Data Book / Office of Economic Development http://www.state.co.us/oed/bus_fin/facts.html

31. Tobacco Research messages and materials appropriately for different populations. Policy Developments Important social, legal, and public in tobacco control research to ensure http://2002.cancer.gov/scptobacco.htm

In Brief 2002 Budget Request Scientific Priorities for Cancer Research Introduction ... Molecular Targets Research on Tobacco Cancer Communications Links to Related Information Infrastructure Needed for Cancer Research Planning Disease-Specific Research ... Links Scientific Priorities for Cancer Research: Extraordinary Opportunities Print this page Email this page Define terms on this page Research on Tobacco and Tobacco-Related Cancers Goal Opportunity Progress in Pursuit of Our Goal 2002 Plan and Budget Request ... Links to Related Information Goal Understand the causes of tobacco use, addiction, and related cancers and apply this knowledge to their prevention and treatment. Opportunity Supporting information: Identifying and Targeting Populations at High Risk for Tobacco Use Developing Optimal Smoking Prevention and Cessation Strategies Capitalizing on Social, Legal and Public Policy Developments Tobacco Statistics Identifying and Targeting Populations at High Risk for Tobacco Use We have made enormous progress in understanding at the molecular level the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell following exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Scientists have: Identified many cancer-causing agents contained in tobacco smoke.

32. NIOSH/National Occupational Research Agenda / Special Populations At Risk Funding Opportunities Relating to Special populations (ie, groups genedisease interactions, ethical, legal and social and Urban Poverty research Program (at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nrspop.html

Special Populations at Risk Occupational hazards are known to be distributed differentially, and workers with specific biologic, social, and/or economic characteristics are more likely to have increased risks of work-related diseases and injuries. The relative proportions of these special populations (such as older workers, women, and minorities) within the U.S. workforce are increasing, and it is important to focus on these populations, particularly as they have been largely underserved in the past. Research is needed to define the nature and magnitude of risks experienced and to develop appropriate intervention and communication strategies. TEAM MEMBERS TEAM SUMMARY POSTER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Importance Although the nature and magnitude of risks experienced by people of color have not been thoroughly studied, data on occupational injury deaths indicate that blacks have the highest rates per 100,000 workers compared with those of whites and workers of other races. Data on mortality (not necessarily occupationally induced) have consistently demonstrated higher cancer and overall mortality rates for blacks than for whites. In the limited number of occupational studies that can assess cancer risks in both white and black men, the latter were twice as likely to demonstrate significant excesses of cancer. Environmental justice issues are also important, as initial research indicates that workers of color or low income may disproportionately work in unsafe and unhealthful conditions without appropriate notification of risks, training, or protection.

33. State-Specific Pregnancy Rates Among Adolescents -- United States, 1992-1995 by Behavioral Epidemiology and Demographic research Br and the ethnic composition of state populations is an legal induced abortions reported to CDC may http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00053654.htm

State-Specific Pregnancy Rates Among Adolescents United States, 1992-1995 In the United States during 1985-1990, the pregnancy rate for persons aged 15-19 years increased 9% (1). From 1991 to 1992, however, the rate declined substantially in 31 of the 42 states * for which data were available (2); from 1992 through 1995, the birth rate declined steadily (3), and state-specific abortion rates decreased annually (4,5). This report presents estimated state-specific pregnancy rates for 1992-1995 ** for adolescents aged less than or equal to 19 years by age and race and the percentage change in state-specific pregnancy rates for persons aged 15-19 years for 1992 to 1995. The findings indicate a downward trend in pregnancy rates for persons aged 15-19 years during 1992-1995 for all 43 states for which data were available. Rates were calculated as the number of pregnancies per 1000 females aged 15-17, 18-19, or 15-19 years. Because most pregnancies (98% of live-born infants and 94% of legal induced abortions) among persons aged less than 15 years occur among those aged 13-14 years (CDC, unpublished data, 1995; 7), the number of persons aged 13-14 years was used as the denominator when the rate was calculated for the less than 15-year age group. Legal induced abortions for which mother's age or race was unknown were included in categories based on the distribution of mothers with known age or race. Changes in pregnancy rates for persons aged 15-19 years from 1992 to 1995 were tested for statistical significance at pless than 0.05.

34. ACS :: Research Aimed At Poor And Underserved Populations American Cancer Societ in poor and underserved populations, says John suffering from cancer, through research, education, advocacy Help About ACS legal Privacy Information http://www.cancer.org/docroot/MED/content/MED_2_1X_Research_Aimed_at_Poor_and_Un

Home Community Get Involved Donate ... Search GetRandomImage("headerImage", "jpg", 121, 77, 30); My Planner Register Sign In Despite the recent declines in cancer incidence and mortality indicating progress against cancer, some Americans continue to bear a disproportionate share of the cancer burden. Press Room Press Releases Media Relations Contacts Online Press Kit ... About the American Cancer Society Research Aimed at Poor and Underserved Populations American Cancer Society Announces New Funding Emphasis Atlanta 1999/02/17 -Despite the recent declines in cancer incidence and mortality indicating progress against cancer, some Americans continue to bear a disproportionate share of the cancer burden. In response to concern about this disparity, the American Cancer Society has approved a plan to target up to 10% of its research budget to research directed at poor and underserved populations. It is estimated that $8 million per year, or $4 million per funding cycle, will be available for funding in this area. The first grants will be announced in October 1999. "The American Cancer Society has identified a critical need for research on the prevalence, early detection, prevention, and treatment of cancer in poor and underserved populations," says John Stevens, MD, vice president for extramural grants for the American Cancer Society. "Poor Americans, irrespective of race, have a 10% to 15% decreased rate of survival from cancer compared to the general population," says Dr. Stevens. "Smoking has become increasingly concentrated among socioeconomically disadvantaged Americans. Among adults with less than a high school education, smoking decreased by only 14% compared to 58% among adults with at least a college degree."

35. TIGER Youth. legal / Legislative. Data / research. Newsletters. OP DWI Cultural and Message Information for at Risk populations. 2004 Traffic Safety Legislative Posting. http://www.dps.state.la.us/tiger/

DWI enforcement works... for every 1000 hours of DWI enforcement 4 lives are saved in Louisiana. DWI enforcement works... for every 100 SFSTs conducted 3 lives are saved in Louisiana. Welcome to T.I.G.E.R. T.I.G.E.R. Archive Hot Links New Occupant Protection Youth Legal / Legislative ... Buckle Up Links with an asterisk ( ) next to them are external links and will open in a new browser window. To return to TIGER just close the new window. Related Links Highway Safety Calendar of Events Screen name: highwaysafetycom Password: lhsc FREE Stuff - Order Online New 2004 Traffic Safety Legislative Posting Media Advisory for Kickoff of National Seatbelt Campaign ... No Excuses Buckle Up Press Package Louisiana Safe Kids v Don't Kid Around Program Child Safety Seat Inspection v LA Child Safety Seat Inspection Stations v LA Child Passenger Safety Technicians By State or Zip Code v Return to Top LSP 2003 Intox/SFST/Radar Training Dates Study Says Alcohol a Major Campus Killer Citing DUI Death Increase, MADD Gives Nation "C"

36. ADEPT Available Resources General stats on culture and diversity, culturally competent Drug testing at work; legal issues and requirements. injury in the workplace research and reports; http://www.ochealthinfo.com/adept/resources.htm

ADEPT home Calendar Links Prevention Programs ... Resources Health Promotion- ADEPT 405 W. 5th Street, Ste. 211 Santa Ana, CA 92701 Telephone: Fax: ADEPT Available Resources Video Lending Library Over 700 videos are available in English and Spanish to residents and organizations of Orange County, California. How do I check out a video? Call to reserve a video at least 3 days in advance. The phone number is (714) 834-4058. All orders are processed on a first-come, first-served basis You may check out up to 4 videos at a time. Videos may be checked out for a period of 7 days at a time. Videos are picked up and returned to the ADEPT office, between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. Download video list here PDF version 163k PDF format allows you to view your form electronically on most computers. The freely available Adobe Acrobat reader is required to view and print PDF files. Note: Windows NT users must have administrative privileges to install Adobe Acrobat. Download video list here Microsoft Excel version 575k Microsoft Excel is needed to run this program.

37. F.W. Olin Library: Criminology Resources contains several factsheets about the prison populations, information about in judicial decisions, law reform, legislation, legal research, policy related socio http://library.drury.edu/subjects/criminology.htm

Admission DU Students Alumni CGCS ... Athletics Criminology Resources Swan ERES Interlibrary Loan Satellite Campuses ... Subjects = full text = Trial Basis Databases Academic Search Premier A multidisciplinary full text database that includes nearly 250 journals in law and criminology. Criminal Justice Abstracts The core index to periodical literature in criminology and criminal justice. PsycARTICLES Access to the full-text of 45+ journals available through the APA; includes searching and browsing capabilities. PsycINFO 1887 Psychology and related fields since 1887 Web Resources NonGov Orgs Gov. Agencies Stats/DBases/Ezines Other ... Lists Nongovernmental Organizations, Societies, and Associations The American Society of Criminology The official homepage of the American Society of Criminology. American Bar Association The homepage of the American Bar Association highlights its purpose, events, news, and publications. Justice Technology Information Network This organization makes available its four other major pages in the areas of law enforcement, corrections, forensics, and criminal justice. Each of these pages provides further links within its subject category, as well as to its official publications and research and media updates.

38. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent most difficult aspects of conducting research with doubly such as family members, legal guardians, professional to access vulnerable populations, may require http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01205.x/abs/

 Home An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie A cookie is a small amount of information that a web site copies onto your hard drive. Synergy uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page. If the cookie cannot be set correctly, then Synergy cannot determine whether you are logged in and a new session will be created for each page you visit. This slows the system down. Therefore, you must accept the Synergy cookie to use the system. What Gets Stored in a Cookie? Synergy only stores a session ID in the cookie, no other information is captured. In general, only the information that you provide, or the choices you make while visiting a web site, can be stored in a cookie. For example, the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it. Allowing a web site to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer, and only the site that created the cookie can read it. Please read our for more information about data collected on this site.

39. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent Interpreting DNA mixtures in structured populations. J. Forens. Sci. 5, 4489. JSTOR Abstract. •, National research Council Report (1996). Int. J. legal Med. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9469.2004.00376.x/enha

 Home An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie A cookie is a small amount of information that a web site copies onto your hard drive. Synergy uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page. If the cookie cannot be set correctly, then Synergy cannot determine whether you are logged in and a new session will be created for each page you visit. This slows the system down. Therefore, you must accept the Synergy cookie to use the system. What Gets Stored in a Cookie? Synergy only stores a session ID in the cookie, no other information is captured. In general, only the information that you provide, or the choices you make while visiting a web site, can be stored in a cookie. For example, the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it. Allowing a web site to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer, and only the site that created the cookie can read it. Please read our for more information about data collected on this site.

40. About Psychology how to conduct research on psycholegal issues advisor to acquire expertise with particular problems and populations. to be involved actively in research at all http://w3.fiu.edu/psych/Graduate Program 02 10 04.htm

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY Knowledge, Teaching, Service Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199 305-348-2880 (phone) 305-348-3879 (fax) Dr. Marvin Dunn, Chairperson Home About Psychology at FIU Undergraduate Program Graduate Programs ... FIU home page FIU Psychology Department : Graduate Programs Welcome to the Psychology Department's Graduate Programs The Psychology Department offers an MS and Ph.D. in Psychology, organized into the following five foci: life span developmental science legal psychology mental health counseling, and behavioral analysis. Page Map Overview of Graduate Programs Developmental Legal Industrial/Organizational Mental Health ... Behavior Analysis Our discipline has been historically divided into two factions; those who seek knowledge for knowledge sake, and those who wish to use what we know in applied ways and settings. The Department of Psychology at FIU reflects this divide, as do most departments. There will not come a time, nor should it, when the discipline, or the Department, will be either totally research oriented or applied in our orientation. The Department reflected this division when it began over thirty years ago and it continues to reflect it divide today in our faculty interests and productivity. This is one of the strengths of the Department. Because of it, the Department is in a unique position to capitalize on and contribute to many basic and applied issues that contemporary culture will face in the new century.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 96    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20