41. Welcome To The City Of Lebanon Tennessee Community profile, history, information about city services, and some links. http://www.citybridge.com/lebanon/

42. Lebanon (History) - Was A Response To The Nationalist Aspirations Of The Predomi lebanon (history) was administered by France, under a League of Nations mandate, until independence was declared. arab search engines. lebanon history. http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/lebanonhis.htm

Home page Arab Info Lebanon Info Lebanon Government ... Links to Lebanon Lebanon - History The new state was a response to the nationalist aspirations of the predominant Christian population in the area, but it included territories traditionally considered to be part of Syria, with largely Muslim populations. Lebanon was administered by France, under a League of Nations mandate, from 1920 until independence was declared on 26 Nov. 1941. A republic was established in 1943, and full autonomy was granted in January 1944. After the establishment of Israel in 1948, and during the Arab-Israeli wars, thousands of Palestinians fled to Lebanon, where most of them were housed in refugee camps in the south of the country. Following the creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964, military training centres for Palestinian guerrilla fighters were established in the camps. From 1968 the fedayin ("martyrs"), as the guerrillas were known, began making raids into Israel, provoking retaliatory attacks by Israeli forces against targets in southern Lebanon. In March 1978 a raid by forces of the Palestine National Liberation Movement (Al-Fatah), the main guerrilla group within the PLO, provoked retaliatory action by Israel, whose forces advanced into southern Lebanon.

43. The Official City Of Lebanon, Ohio Web Site Official site providing history, calendar of events, government, business, and community information. http://www.ci.lebanon.oh.us/

City of Lebanon, Ohio! Are you new to Lebanon or in need of information about city utilities and services? Call for information. Need directions to City Hall? Click Here! Summer is here! Click here for City of Lebanon Recreation Programs. Quick Navigation Cable TV Geographic IS Electricity Internet Service Telephone Water Service City Council Fire Division Police Division IT Department Contact Us Feedback Form Newsletter Projects Events Employment Lebanon History Home Select destination... Lebanon Take a moment and use our web site to get to know us a little better. Our Mission To enhance the quality of life in our community by providing high quality and cost effective public services, while maintaining the public trust through sound stewardship of our public resources. Our Vision To be a leader among cities in delivering outstanding quality services through citizen involvement, innovation, and efficient use of resources. City Services Engineering Department Click here to report a possible water pollution violation.

44. Columbus World Travel Guide - Middle East - Lebanon - History And Government World Travel Guide lebanon - history and Government - includes information on the constitution and politics. http://www.travel-guide.com/data/lbn/lbn580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/MiddleEast/Lebanon/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Lebanon hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Middle East /Lebanon LEBANON History and Government History: The Lebanon, over the course of history, provided an inaccessible haven for tribes and religious groups escaping from repression and persecution in other parts of the Middle East. The principal groupings in the country are: the Maronites, Christians who – uniquely among Eastern Christians – maintained links with, and secured support from, their co-religionists in Europe; the Greek Orthodox Christians; the Shia Muslims, who arrived in Lebanon to escape persecution from the Sunni majority elsewhere in the Islamic world; and the Druze, a heretical Muslim sect founded in the tenth century. The colonial powers that subsequently occupied Lebanon – the Ottoman Turks and the French – were content to leave these sects more or less to themselves. The Turks took control of the area in the 16th century during the major expansion of the Ottoman Empire and remained there until the end of World War I. With the dissolution of that empire, the French were granted a League of Nations mandate to administer Lebanon until independence in 1941. From that time the disparate communities cohabited in relative peace with political power divided between Christians, Shia and Sunni Muslims. On this basis, Lebanon developed a thriving economy based on providing business services – banking and finance, transport and trade facilities – for other countries in the region. This situation prevailed until the 1970s when the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), which had been expelled from Jordan in 1971, established itself in Lebanon with the tacit agreement of the Lebanese.

45. History Of Lebanon 1943 December France agrees to the transfer of power to the Lebanese government with effect from 1 January 1944. lebanon. Time Line history. history. http://www.lebanonembassyus.org/Kids/History.htm

Back to Embassy of Lebanon Lebanon Home Page History Facts Time Line History Timeline: Lebanon A chronology of key events: 1 September - After the League of Nations grants the mandate for Lebanon and Syria to France, the State of Greater Lebanon is proclaimed. It includes the former autonomous province of Mount Lebanon, plus the provinces of north Lebanon, south Lebanon and the Biqa, historically part of Syria. 23 May - The Lebanese Representative Council approves a Constitution and the Lebanese Republic is declared. - Lebanon comes under the control of the Vichy French government. - After Lebanon is occupied by Free French and British troops in June 1941, independence is declared on 26 November. March - The foundations of the state are set out in an unwritten National Covenant which states that Lebanon is an independent Arab country with ties to the West but which cooperates with other Arab states while remaining neutral. The 1932 census which had shown that Christians were 54% of the population is used as the basis for the distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies (later to be called the National Assembly) on a ratio of 6 to 5 (later extended to other public offices). The President is to be a Maronite Christian, the Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies a Shi'i Muslim. Independence December - France agrees to the transfer of power to the Lebanese government with effect from 1 January 1944.

46. Lebanon's History: Civil War lebanon s history. Civil War. The Beginning of the War Syrian Involvement The Riyadh Conference The Sarkis Administration http://www.ghazi.de/civwar.html

Lebanon's History Civil War The Beginning of the War Syrian Involvement The Riyadh Conference The Sarkis Administration, 1976-82 ... The Election 1992 The Beginning of the War The spark that ignited the war occurred in Beirut on April 13, 1975, when gunmen killed four Phalangists during an attempt on Pierre Jumayyil's life. Perhaps believing the assassins to have been Palestinian, the Phalangists retaliated later that day by attacking a bus carrying Palestinian passengers across a Christian neighborhood, killing about twenty-six of the occupants. The next day fighting erupted in earnest, with Phalangists pitted against Palestinian militiamen (thought by some observers to be from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine). The confessional layout of Beirut's various quarters facilitated random killing. Most Beirutis stayed inside their homes during these early days of battle, and few imagined that the street fighting they were witnessing was the beginning of a war that was to devastate their city and divide the country. Despite the urgent need to control the fighting, the political machinery of the government became paralyzed over the next few months. The inadequacies of the political system, which the 1943 National Pact had only papered over temporarily, reappeared more clearly than ever. For many observers, at the bottom of the conflict was the issue of confessionalism out of balanceof a minority, specifically the Maronites, refusing to share power and economic opportunity with the Muslim majority.

47. Lebanon's History: Phoenician Beginnings lebanon s history. Phoenician Beginnings. The Phoenicians Assyrian Rule Babylonian Rule and the Persian Empire Summary . The Phoenicians. http://www.ghazi.de/phonecia.html

Lebanon's History Phoenician Beginnings The Phoenicians Assyrian Rule Babylonian Rule and the Persian Empire Summary The Phoenicians The area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 3000 B.C. as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. It was inhabited by the Canaanites, a Semitic people, whom the Greeks called "Phoenicians" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as "men of Sidon" or the like, according to their city of origin, and called the country "Lebanon." Because of the nature of the country and its location, the Phoenicians turned to the sea, where they engaged in trade and navigation. Each of the coastal cities was an independent kingdom noted for the special activities of its inhabitants. Tyre and Sidon were important maritime and trade centers; Gubla (later known as Byblos and now as Jbail) and Berytus (present-day Beirut) were trade and religious centers. Gubla was the first Phoenician city to trade actively with Egypt and the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (2686-2181 B.C.), exporting cedar, olive oil, and wine, while importing gold and other products from the Nile Valley. Before the end of the seventeenth century B.C., Lebanese Egyptian relations were interrupted when the Hyksos, a nomadic Semitic people, conquered Egypt. After about three decades of Hyksos rule (1600-1570 B.C.), Ahmose I (1570-45 B.C.), a Theban prince, launched the Egyptian liberation war. Opposition to the Hyksos increased, reaching a peak during the reign of the pharaoh Thutmose III (1490-36 B.C.), who invaded Syria, put an end to Hyksos domination, and incorporated Lebanon into the Egyptian Empire.

48. FOCUS On LEBANON - History Welcome to the Focus on the World Online Magazine s pages on lebanon. This page is about the history of lebanon. lebanon Icon history of lebanon. http://www.focusmm.com/lebanon/lb_hist.htm

HISTORY of LEBANON T he first written artifacts from the ancient Lebanon tell us about the first known occupants of the land, Phoenicians. As long as 5000 years ago, people known also as Canaanites of the Bible were living here. Ancient Greeks called them Phoenicians. They were living in cities like Byblos, Sidon and Tyre and involving with commercial and maritime activities. These three cities were among the most important port-cities of the ancient times. Tyre was considered to be the most important of the Phoenician city-states. The ancient people of the city built a business empire nearly 3000 years ago. They founded Carthage in the 9th century B.C. and reached the Straits of Gibraltar. They colonized part of Cyprus, Rhodes and the Aegean Islands. They founded Tashish, a great commercial colony, on the coast of Spain. After reaching most remote parts of the Mediterranean region, they sailed around Africa. Starting from the Gulf of Aqaba they returned to Egypt. E gyptian domination of the Phoenician cities started in about 1500 B.C. and continued for many centuries. Only there was a period during which the Hittites, an Indo-European civilization from Anatolia, dominated the areas covering Syria and Lebanon. After a short period the Egyptians took over the control of Lebanon again. A s the Egyptian domination ceased to exist, Phoenicia enjoyed a period of independence. This was interrupted by the Assryians. This Assryian domination was very brutal. The relative prosperity came back only after the Persian king Cyrus' conquering of Phoenicia in 538 B.C. The Phoenician fleet became a major weapon in the hands of Persian kings to conquer the rest of the Mediterranean region during the following centuries.

49. Greater Lebanon Chamber Of Commerce history. King George III of England formally signed the Charter for the Town of lebanon on July 4, 1761, and colonists began settling the area almost immediately http://www.lebanonchamber.com/community.html

Community Nestled in the Connecticut River Valley midway up state, Lebanon, New Hampshire, is a healthy and thriving community that enjoys both the quiet everyday living of rural life, and the cultural experience of the big city. Appearing more than once in Prentice Hall's The 100 best Small Towns in America, a Nationwide Guide to the Best in Small Town Living, often in the top four, Lebanon's 12,568 residents are living testimonials that this recognition is richly deserved. Welcome to the Crossroads of New England. History King George III of England formally signed the Charter for the Town of Lebanon on July 4, 1761, and colonists began settling the area almost immediately. With such easy access to the Connecticut River and the smaller Mascoma River, Lebanon provided the perfect location for transporting the resources necessary for running mills; textiles manufacturing became an obvious source of commerce. With the evolution of the railroads along the waterways and their direct route to Boston, the textile trade positively flourished, becoming Lebanon's greatest source for employment; the rail industry itself served as a close second. Textiles manufacturing continued to be Lebanon's primary employer until the 1950's. At that time, foreign imports and a change in the nation's economy forced Lebanon to turn from the faltering mills and railroads to cleaner industries with their advanced technologies. As a result, Lebanon is now home to software companies, high-tech research facilities and manufacturers, and state-of-the-art medical facility, a nationally acclaimed cancer center, and the most advanced plasma-cutting technology company in the world.

50. Davis Langdon Lebanon - History history of Davis Langdon lebanon Mission Statement, Davis Langdon Seah International launched an associate office in Beirut to http://www.davislangdon.com/dllebanon/html/dllebanonabout2.html

51. Overview Overview. history. Early times Under the Ottoman Empire, Modern times. Geography. Introduction Beirut. Links to lebanonoriented web sites. http://www.arab.net/lebanon/

Overview History Early times Under the Ottoman Empire Modern times Geography Introduction Map Topography Climate ... Fauna Business The effect of the war Culture People Education The arts Media Government National Regional Transport Private cars Buses Car rental Rules of the road Tour Guide Visas Customs regulations Departure tax Travel documents ... Links to Lebanon-oriented web sites

52. NebulaSearch Encyclopedia Lebanon---Lebanon/History Lds ..Lebou lebanonlebanon/history. lebanon/Economy; lebanon/Geography; lebanon/Government; lebanon/history. NebulaSearch Directory. http://www.nebulasearch.com/encyclopedia/contents/136234-136259-Lebanon-Lebanon/

NebulaSearch Top Encyclopedia Top NebulaSearch Encyclopedia Index Main Index Lapland_War..................Lepidosauria Lds..................Lebou Lebanon-Lebanon/History Lebanon Lebanon,_Connecticut Lebanon,_Dodge_County,_Wisconsin Lebanon,_Illinois ... Lebanon/History NebulaSearch Directory

53. FREE LEBANON - HISTORY Consequently, when his term expired on September 23 rd of that year, he appointed Army Commander General Michel Aoun as lebanon s Prime Minister. http://www.generalaoun.org/history.html

In 1988, President Amin Gemayel's term of office was nearing its end , and the different Lebanese factions could not agree on a candidate to be his successor. Consequently, when his term expired on September 23 rd of that year, he appointed Army Commander General Michel Aoun as Lebanon's Prime Minister. General Aoun formed a government that worked toward the reunification of all parts of Lebanon, freeing Lebanon from all foreign armies, and the restoration of democracy and freedom in Lebanon. Meanwhile, Gemayel's acting prime minister, Salim al Huss, also continued to act as the de facto prime minister. As a result, Lebanon was divided between a Syrian-backed government in west Beirut, and the constitutionally legal government of General Aoun in east Beirut. In March 1989, an attempt by Prime Minister General Michel Aoun to close all illegal seaports, and stop all kinds of drug production and smuggling, led to what has come to be known as "Hareb al Tahreer" or Liberation War. Syrian forces in the occupied parts of Lebanon opened fire on the liberated areas in order to bring down the Lebanese government's agenda. Lebanon's army under the command of Prime Minister General Michel Aoun defended the liberated areas against the Syrian attacks. Shelling by the Syrians and their counter-parts caused nearly 1000 deaths and several thousand injuries, and further destruction of Lebanon's economic infrastructure. In May 1989, the Arab League empowered a High Committee on Lebanon, composed of Saudi King Fahed, Algerian President Benjidid, and Moroccan King Hassan, to work toward a solution in Lebanon. In July 1989, the committee issued a report accusing Syria of assailing Lebanon's freedom and independence. After further discussions, the committee arranged for a cease-fire in September, followed by a meeting of Lebanese parliamentarians in Taef, Saudi Arabia.

54. Embassy Of Japan/Links To Lebanon/History Heinrich Schiffmann, Historische Photographien Libanon. World history Archives, lebanon. A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia. Back. Ambassador. http://www.lb.emb-japan.go.jp/history.htm

The Embassy of Japan in Lebanon Home Page Ambassador Bilateral Relations Trade with Japan Grassroots Grant ... Home History Zeno of Sidon, A Mathematician Cedars in the Bible A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia Lebanon @ Bibo's If you want to learn Phoenician ... Home

55. History Of Lebanon Chonology history of lebanon, Chronology. BC 9000 First traces of coastal settlements. 3000 Trade with Egypt. 2000 Invasion by the Amorites, coming from the east. http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/chrono.html

History of Lebanon, Chronology. BC 9000 First traces of coastal settlements. 3000 Trade with Egypt. 2000 Invasion by the Amorites, coming from the east. 1800 City states of Phoenicia become vassals under Egypt. 1100 Egypt looses its control over Phoenicia, independence is regained. Tyre expands and becomes the leading city state. 867 Phoenicia is subjugated by Assyria. 612 Breaks away from Assyrian control. 590 Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylonia conquers most of Phoenicia. Tyre resists. 539 Phoenicia is conquered by Persia. 333 Phoenicia is conquered by Alexander. A siege of Tyre begins. 332 After 7 month of siege, Tyre gives in. 2,000 men are crucified, 30,000 are sold as prisoners. 64 Becomes part of the Roman Empire, Beirut grows into becoming a city of major importance. AD 0 The birth of Christ. 35 Disciples go to Lebanon to preach the word of Christ. Conversion to Christianity begins. 410: The death of St. Maroun

56. Lebanonwire/Links To Lebanon/History 1958. Heinrich Schiffmann, Historische Photographien Libanon. World history Archives, lebanon. A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia. Back. http://www.lebanonwire.com/linkleb/history.asp

Lebanon News Mideast News World News Medical News ... Search History Zeno of Sidon, A Mathematician Cedars in the Bible A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia Lebanon @ Bibo's If you want to learn Phoenician ... A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia

57. SkiCentral - By Region - Lebanon - History Of Skiing Sites By Region lebanon history of Skiing, 2 websites. 1. Mountain Chalet Gifts Novelties Mountain Chalet offers the most extensive http://skicentral.com/lebanon-history.html

Search by Region Site Map Select a Ski Package Aspen Banff / Lake Louise Beaver Creek Breckenridge Copper Mountain Crested Butte Deer Valley Lake Tahoe Jackson Hole Keystone Park City Salt Lake City Snowmass Streamboat Springs Sun Valley Sundance Telluride Vail Whistler/Blackcomb Winter Park The #1 Search Site for Skiing and Snowboarding Snow Reports Snowcams Ski Packages Home ... Lebanon History of Skiing 2 websites Mountain Chalet offers the most extensive collection of vintage ski items available! Items include Books and Videos on the History of Skiing, Vintage Skis, Vintage Welcome Signs and much more! History of Skiing in Lebanon Article about skiing in Lebanon where you can ski in the morning and swim in the Mediterranean in the afternoon. [an error occurred while processing this directive] Home About New Sites Faqs ... Contact

58. History Of Lebanon lebanon s history from independence can be defined largely in terms of its presidents, each of whom shaped lebanon by a personal brand of politics Sheikh http://www.worldrover.com/history/lebanon_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Lebanon HISTORY Lebanon is the historical home of the Phoenicians, Semitic traders whose maritime culture flourished there for more than 2,000 years (c. 2700-450 B.C.). In later centuries, Lebanon's mountains were a refuge for Christians, and Crusaders established several strongholds there. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the five Ottoman provinces that had comprised present- day Lebanon were mandated to France by the League of Nations. The country gained independence in 1943, and French troops werewithdrawn in 1946. Lebanon's history from independence can be defined largely in terms of its presidents, each of whom shaped Lebanon by a personal brand of politics: Sheikh Bishara al-Khoury (1943- 52), Camille Chamoun (1952-58), Fuad Shihab (1958-64), Charles Helou (1964-70), Suleiman Franjiyah (1970-76), Elias Sarkis (1976-1982), and Amine Gemayel (1982-88). From the end of the term of Amine Gemayel in September 1988 until the election of Rene Moawad in November1989, Lebanon had no president. The terms of the first two presidents ended in political turmoil. In 1958, during the last months of President Chamoun's term, an insurrection broke out, aggravated by external factors. In July 1958, in response to an appeal by the Lebanese Government, U.S. forces were sent to Lebanon. They were withdrawn in October 1958, after the inauguration of President Shihab and a general improvement in the internal and international aspects of the situation.

59. Lebanon Maps, Pictures, History And More lebanon. Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us http://www.worldrover.com/country/lebanon_main.html

Travel Books Used Books Bestsellers Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Lebanon Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if you have any questions or suggestions. Search the Net for: Travel Guides source: CIA World Factbook 1999 Vital Statistics Brief History Embassy Info Travel Guides Search Net: Term Paper Search Net: Travel Free Clip Art w/ Flags! Slash your student loans 53%!! Thanks Uncle Sam!! home ... embassies

60. Travel In Saida - Lebanon - History - WorldTravelGate.net®- WorldTravelGate.net®Information about Saida,lebanon,history,Gallery,Photos,Restaurants,Hotels,Car Rental,Rentals,Campings,Travel Agencies.! Saida - history. http://www.mideasttravelling.net/lebanon/saida/saida_history.htm

Saida - H istory Saida (Sidon), ancient Sidouna, one of the famous names in ancient history, was an open city with many cultural influences, including the Egyptian Pharaohs and the Greeks. Of all of Lebanon's cities this is the most mysterious, for its past has been tragically scattered and plundered. The city is located on the eastern Mediterranean shoreline in the Republic of Lebanon, 30 miles south of the capital Beirut. As most Phoenician cities, Saida was built on a hill facing an island, which sheltered its fleet, and provided refuge from inland invaders. Sidon was the wealthiest and most entrepreneurial of all ancient Phoenician cities. Its large-scale glass production was such that the invention of glass -known to be Phoenician- is often attributed to the Sidonians. Saida is of immense antiquity, but few remains of the ancient city have survived the ravages of time. There is evidence that Saida was inhabited as long ago as 4000 B.C., and perhaps even earlier in Neolithic times. Its aggressive commercial nature placed it as the city of choice for obtaining the Royal Purple Dye, or to commission ships and crews to furnish naval fleets.

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