1. Alvaro Aguilar - SURVEY OF CHALLENGES FOR E-COMMERCE LEGISLATION IN LATIN AMERIC Challenges facing efforts in latin America to regulate ecommerce and electronic contracts latin americans use the Internet for a number of Key Infrastructure (ICP-gov). The ICP-gov infrastructure is led http://www.geocities.com/WallStreet/4245/e-comleglat.htm

SURVEY OF CHALLENGES FOR E-COMMERCE LEGISLATION IN LATIN AMERICA by Alvaro Aguilar-Alfu Member of the Panama Bar; Associate at ; LL.B. Universidad Santa Maria la Antigua of Panama, 1990; LL.M. Washington College of Law, 1992. Draft version without footnotes. Citation or reproduction for commercial or non-commercial purposes prohibited without express consent of the author. The business environment in most developed countries as undergone a drastic transformation with the appearance of interconnectivity systems that allow the execution of transactions via electronic means. Businesses and individual customers have increased their efficiency by arranging for the purchasing of goods and services in a more secure and cost-effective manner by means of e-commerce capabilities. Even the individual customer that sought goods down in “Main Street” (or at “La Plaza”), now is able to seek, compare and purchase products from throughout the world with a few mouse clicks. The global aspect of this e-commerce revolution has reached in varying degrees the countries in Latin America. The region previously was known for its authoritarian governments, closed economies, and very limited empowerment options for its population. However, it has undergone modernization in various aspects with the opening of its economies in the last two decades, with e-commerce being the latest one. The international media gives extensive coverage to the rosy prospects for e-commerce in a very promising region.

2. US Treasury Withdraws Law To Report Bank Interest On Latin American Deposits The legislation would have forced banks to report the interest jeopardize the safety of latin americans who provide the lion's of highranking officials including gov. Jeb Bush and http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/020801/story1.shtml

Week of August 1, 2002 US Treasury withdraws law to report bank interest on Latin American deposits $150 million North Beach project to build 1950s hotel into residential towers French investor details plans for new 901 Brickell acquisition County may create sports commission to attract events, market sites ... Order Reprints US Treasury withdraws law to report bank interest on Latin American deposits By Frank Norton South Florida bankers praised Tuesday's partial lifting of a US Treasury Department proposal that requires banks to report deposit interest on non-resident alien accounts. The legislation would have forced banks to report the interest earned to depositors' home countries, which bankers said could breach privacy, scaring off depositors and jeopardizing future deposits. The Florida Bankers Association in October released an economic impact report that showed state banks could lose $18 to $34 billion of a nearly $50 billion pool of non-resident alien deposits, known as NRA to bankers, if the law passed. Association President Alex Sanchez, a former Miami resident, said more than 85% of the state's non-resident alien deposits are in South Florida. "Our banks use those NRA funds to lend to the local community for Joe's Hardware store or Mary's market," he said. "They turn around and use those funds to build homes and drive the economy."

3. Pacific News Service > News > Korean Americans Want Consideration In Reunions new federal antiterrorist legislation that could cost them Action, Labor Council for latin American Advancement and the Taguma. Japanese americans applauded gov. Gray Davis' recent http://news.pacificnews.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=858

4. NCM > Korean Americans Want Consideration In Reunions new federal antiterrorist legislation that could cost them Action, Labor Council for latin American Advancement and the Taguma. Japanese americans applauded gov. Gray Davis' recent http://news.ncmonline.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=859

5. Herald.com | 08/18/2003 | California A Sign Of Latin Voters' Power California a sign of latin voters' power it and the Cuban americans who dominate Florida's Hispanic gov. Davis also lost major latino support when he twice vetoed legislation that http://www.grandforks.com/mld/grandforks/news/6557257.htm

Search: Articles-last 7 days Articles-older than 7 days The Web for News Business Sports Entertainment ... Homes var request_url = escape(document.location.href); var request_domain = ".grandforks.com"; News Local State Obituaries ... Weather Grand Forks Duluth Aberdeen Local Events Yellow Pages Discussion Boards AP HEADLINES Updated Wednesday, Jun 09, 2004 Bridge Collapses in Northeastern China - 11:59 PM EDT Woman Claims to Have Longest Bridal Veil - 11:40 PM EDT Muslim Appeals Fla. Veil Ban in Photos - 11:39 PM EDT Engines From Iraq Missiles Seen in Jordan - 11:36 PM EDT Nichols' Life Now Rests in Hands of Jury - 11:33 PM EDT MORE Back to Home Wednesday, Jun 09, 2004 News email this print this Posted on Mon, Aug. 18, 2003 California a sign of Latin voters' power By JOE MOZINGO Miami Herald SAN DIEGO For the first time since 1875, a Latino candidate has a legitimate shot at the governor's mansion. Lt. Gov. Cruz Bustamante, helped by an ever-growing Latino electorate, is trying to unite Latinos and traditional Democrats to beat Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, if voters recall Gov. Gray Davis. A Field Poll released over the weekend found that Bustamante has the support of 25 percent of likely voters, while Schwarzenegger has 22 percent. The survey had a margin of error of plus or minus five percentage points.

6. The Miami Herald 08/18/2003 California A Sign Of Latin Voters' California a sign of latin voters' power it and the Cuban americans who dominate Florida's Hispanic gov. Davis also lost major latino support when he twice vetoed legislation that http://www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/news/politics/6557257.htm

7. The Bully Pulpit: Support For New Americans Four months ago gov. Schwarzenegger repealed more than those latin American hordes crossing americans, including guiding priorities and policy principles and supported legislation http://www.bullmooserepublicans.com/blog/cat_display.cfm?catID=2

8. Nat'l Academies Press, The New Americans: (1997), 6 Do Immigrants Impose A Net F the 1996 welfare reform legislation restricting the access of legal federal and, for local gov ernments, state aid than they shows the transfer to latin americans in Califor- nia is http://www.nap.edu/books/0309063566/html/254.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 800-624-6242 The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-xiv Summary, pp. 1-13 1 The Immigration Debate, pp. 14-19 2 Background to Contemporary U.S. Immigration, pp. 20-75 3 The Face of the U.S. Population in 2050, pp. 76-134 4 Immigration's Effects on Jobs and Wages: First Principles, pp. 135-172 5 Immigration's Effects on Jobs and Wages: Empirical Evidenc..., pp. 173-253 6 Do Immigrants Impose a Net Fiscal Burden? Annual Estimates..., pp. 254-296 7 The Future Fiscal Impacts of Current Immigrants, pp. 297-362 8 The Social Dimensions of Immigration, pp. 363-406 Biographical Sketches, pp. 407-412 Index, pp. 413-434 GO TO PAGE: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRINTABLE PDF PAGE CHAPTER PAGE SEARCH THIS BOOK: The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the

9. Herald.com | 08/18/2003 | California A Sign Of Latin Voters' Power California a sign of latin voters' power it and the Cuban americans who dominate Florida's Hispanic gov. Davis also lost major latino support when he twice vetoed legislation that http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/newssentinel/6557257.htm

Search: Articles-last 7 days Articles-older than 7 days The Web for News Business Sports Entertainment ... Homes var request_url = escape(document.location.href); var request_domain = ".fortwayne.com"; Sign me up! Going on vacation? Contact Us News ... Staff Newspaper services Place an Ad Subscribe Newspaper ads Weather Fort Wayne Indianapolis Detroit Local Events Yellow Pages Discussion Boards NEWS-SENTINEL Photos News-Sentinel forms PrepStats Weekly poll ... Archives AP HEADLINES Updated Thursday, Jun 10, 2004 Nation's Capital Mourns Ronald Reagan - 12:01 AM EDT MORE Back to Home Wednesday, Jun 09, 2004 email this print this Posted on Mon, Aug. 18, 2003 California a sign of Latin voters' power By JOE MOZINGO Miami Herald SAN DIEGO For the first time since 1875, a Latino candidate has a legitimate shot at the governor's mansion. Lt. Gov. Cruz Bustamante, helped by an ever-growing Latino electorate, is trying to unite Latinos and traditional Democrats to beat Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, if voters recall Gov. Gray Davis. A Field Poll released over the weekend found that Bustamante has the support of 25 percent of likely voters, while Schwarzenegger has 22 percent. The survey had a margin of error of plus or minus five percentage points. Bustamante is in a touchy position, having to oppose the recall to please Democratic Party leaders, while trying to build enthusiasm for his candidacy among voters, many of whom dislike Davis. His campaign has the unwieldy, if not ambiguous name, "No on Recall, Yes on Bustamante."

10. WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL In addition, the legislation would reauthorize educational about justice for the Japanese latin americans and about David.McFarland@mail.house.gov http//www http://www.foitimes.com/internment/Rodriguez.htm

CONGRESSMAN CIRO D. RODRIGUEZ Weekly Column of November 19, 2000 "WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL" The Role of Crystal City, Texas in World War II By Congressman Ciro D. Rodriguez (WASHINGTON, DC) During World War II, America's brave sons and daughters were called upon to defend the world from the emerging threat of the Axis powers in Europe and the Pacific. Fascist dictators, and the military machines they led, threatened freedom and liberty values which define the heart of our Constitution. On the global battlefront, the United States entered the war to defend freedom and justice, yet at home, our government took action that denied those very rights to some groups of people. Two days after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the FBI, in cooperation with the governments of several Latin American countries - most notably Peru, Panama, and Nicaragua - began a campaign of abduction and deportation of more than 3,000 residents of Latin America. The majority of those deported, 2,264, were Latin Americans of Japanese descent. Latin Americans of German and Italian descent were equally mistreated. These innocent victims were targeted for their ethnicity, betrayed by their governments, abducted from their homes, and deported to the United States far away from their family, friends, and culture. Arrested in their homes, at work, or at school, Japanese, German, and Italian Latin Americans were deported to the United States. Their assets were confiscated by their governments. Stripped naked and doused with insecticide, they were imprisoned in South Texas internment camps.

11. #059: 02-19-99 TEN YEAR PROGRAM TO COMPENSATE JAPANESE AMERICANS INTERNED DURING WWW.USDOJ.gov. a total of 145 claims to the Japanese latin American class through legislation to compensate the remaining eligible Japanese americans and almost http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/1999/February/059cr.htm

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CR FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1999 WWW.USDOJ.GOV TDD (202) 514-1888 TEN YEAR PROGRAM TO COMPENSATE JAPANESE AMERICANS INTERNED DURING WORLD WAR II CLOSES ITS DOORS WASHINGTON, D.C. After paying out more than $1.6 billion to more than 82,250 persons of Japanese ancestry who were interned during World War II, the Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration has officially closed its doors. The redress program, which was established by the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, acknowledges, apologizes, and makes restitution for the fundamental injustice of the evacuation, relocation, and internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. The Justice Department's Office of Redress Administration (ORA) was charged with administering the ten year program which, by operation of law, officially closed on February 5, 1999. Final figures were released today. "This was a tragic chapter in the history of our nation," said Attorney General Janet Reno. "The U.S. Government recognized the injustice of its actions during the war and provided a presidential apology and compensation. It was a time when we took away the liberty of an entire community of Americans." Since the program's inception, ORA has provided $20,000 in redress to 82,219 eligible claimants, totaling more than $1.6 billion.

12. TRADE SNAPSHOT latin americans, by and large, tend to believe that the US does not duty regulations, and, until recently, our inability to pass CBI enhancement legislation. http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/legreg/testimon/106s/vargo0516.htm

WRITTEN STATEMENT OF REGINA K. VARGO DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS May 16, 2000 Madam Chair, I am pleased to appear before this subcommittee to discuss our commercial relationship with Latin America and the opportunities it presents for U.S. firms. I would like to congratulate the subcommittee for its continued focus on the region, as evidenced by this, your second hearing in less than seven months involving the Administration's views on Latin America. Your timing is impeccable as we have recently witnessed two landmark events in South America's history. The first was one of historical importance: Brazil's celebration of its discovery on April 22, 1500, by Pedro Alvares Cabral. The second, which occurred less than a week ago, is one that we trust will also in time be viewed as a seminal event in the region's history: Congressional passage of the Conference Report to the Trade and Development Act of 2000, which includes Administration supported provisions enhancing the Caribbean Basin Initiative. Obviously much has changed since Cabral's visit. Much too has changed since our Department last appeared before this subcommittee. Let me begin with a brief overview of our trade situation with Latin America.

13. CTA | Politics And Legislation State League of United latin American Citizens; the Legislative Council of Older americans; Industrial Areas using the address firstname.lastname@sen.ca.gov. http://www.cta.org/PoliticsandLegislation/ePAL/v15n6/v15n6_one.htm

One Bill to Increase Class Sizes Dies for the Year, Another Scheduled for Committee Vote May 19 Lawmaker Holds Bill Hostage for Class Size Demands CTA Working to Gain Guarantees, Interest for STRS Payment Governor's May Revision Set for Release This Week ... Measure To Bolster Testing, Address ESEA Set One Bill to Increase Class Sizes Dies for the Year, Another Scheduled for Committee Vote May 19 CTA and a coalition of school supporters won another battle in the fight to protect the state's Class Size Reduction program. However, the groups are gearing up for another battle that could determine the fate of one of the remaining CTA-opposed bills that would increase class sizes by more than 10 percent. On May 7, CTA and Californians for Smaller Class Sizes helped defeat SB 837, a CTA-opposed measure by Sen. Richard Alarcon (D-Los Angeles). The proposal was defeated in the Senate Education Committee. SB 837 would have increased class sizes to a maximum of 25 students in kindergarten through third-grade classes in all schools but those in Deciles 1-3 on the state Academic Performance Index (API). With the bill's defeat, CTA and the coalition will now turn its full attention to the remaining class size reduction bill, SB 556 by Sen. Byron Sher (D-Palo Alto). That proposal is slated for consideration in the Senate Appropriations Committee on May 19.

14. CTA | Politics And Legislation California State League of United latin American Citizens; the California Legislative Council of Older americans; Industrial Areas firstname.lastname@sen.ca.gov http://www.cta.org/PoliticsandLegislation/ePAL/v15n5/v15n5_battle.htm

Battle Continues to Protect Class Size Reduction Legal Action Expected to Protect $500M in STRS Funds Key Victories Won, But Battle Continues to Protect Class Size Reduction CTA and a coalition of public school advocates this week won a key victory in the ongoing battle to protect the state's most important educational reform - class size reduction. The victory came in the form of a defeat of one and the derailing of three other CTA-opposed bills that would cram more students into California's already overcrowded classrooms. Only one CTA-opposed measure gained the approval of an important legislative committee, and CTA and its allies are hard at work to defeat it in the Senate Appropriations Committee. All of the "flexibility" bills CTA is battling are nearly the same. The biggest victory on April 30 occurred when the Assembly Education Committee voted down one CTA-opposed measure and blocked the movement of two others. The action came after a lengthy hearing in a chamber packed with CTA representatives, teachers, parents, and other opponents of the measures. The Assembly Education panel voted down SB 10x, a measure by Sen. Byron Sher (D-Palo Alto), which would have boosted class size by 10%. Two other bills - AB 42 by Assembly Member Lynne Daucher (R-Brea), and AB 1129 by Assembly Education Chair Jackie Goldberg (D-Los Angeles) - were withdrawn by their authors. That action means the measures can see no further action this legislative year.

15. Wired News: Microsoft's Big Stick In Peru Congress, expressing his dismay at the proposed legislation. Some Business News; US gov t Still US tradition of meddling in latin American affairs, political http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,54141,00.html

Welcome to Wired News. Skip directly to: Search Box Section Navigation Content Search: Wired News Animations Wired Magazine HotBot (the Web) Microsoft's Big Stick in Peru By Agustin d'Empaire Also by this reporter Page 1 of 1 02:00 AM Jul. 27, 2002 PT BUENOS AIRES Afraid that Peru may adopt a bill decreeing the use of open-source software in all government systems, Microsoft apparently enlisted the American ambassador in Lima to help try to convince the Peruvians to kill the legislation. Wired News has obtained a copy of a letter sent by U.S. Ambassador John Hamilton to the president of the Peruvian Congress, expressing his dismay at the proposed legislation. Wireless Hot Spot Directory Search for Wi-Fi hot spots near you: Story Tools See also News from the Linux front Apache Server Supports .Net Tech Picture Yourself in Politics Behind Linux's Struggle in Gov't Give Yourself Some Business News U.S. Gov't Still Penguin Shy Today's Top 5 Stories Website Analysis Isn't a Game TiVo Breaks Into Home Networks Embryos Yield New Stem Cell Lines Apple Touts Super-Cooled G5s ... Wired News RSS Feeds Breaking News Solemn Pageantry, Big Crowds Greet Reagan Body

16. I - Latin America Overview s end, the implementation of this strategy was awaiting passage of additional legislation. As did most latin American nations in the wake of the September 11 http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2001/html/10246.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Patterns of Global Terrorism Released by the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism May 21, 2002 Latin America Overview "Individually and collectively, we will deny terrorist groups the capacity to operate in this Hemisphere. This American family stands united." Declaration by the Organization of American States 21 September 2001 The countries of Latin America (with the exception of Cuba) joined as one in condemning the attacks of September 11 when the Organization of American States became the first international organization to express outrage at the "attack on all the democratic and free states of the world" and to voice solidarity with the United States. Ten days later, the OAS Foreign Ministers called for a series of strong measures to combat terrorism, and those members that are party to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance took the unprecedented step of invoking the principle of mutual assistance—an agreement by which an attack on any state party to the treaty is considered an attack on them all. Kidnapping remained one of the most pernicious problems in the region. Nineteen US citizens were kidnapped in Latin America in 2001, including five each in Colombia and Haiti, and four in Mexico. Elite counterterrorism units in Colombia arrested 50 persons in connection with the abduction in October 2000 of five US oil workers in Ecuador and the subsequent murder in January 2001 of US hostage Ron Sander.

17. (D) Other Latin America several agencies charged with implementing GOU counternarcotics legislation. especially with Central American countries, and latin America Regional Cooperation. http://www.state.gov/g/inl/rls/rpt/cbj/fy2002/3702.htm

[Print Friendly Version] International Narcotics and Law Enforcement: FY 2002 Budget Justification Report Home Page Released by the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs May 2001 Other Latin America The Bahamas Budget Summary ($000) FY 2000 Actual FY 2001 Estimated FY 2002 Request Objectives Preclude the use of Bahamian territory for the movement of illicit drugs to the U.S.; Enhance Bahamian ability to conduct increasingly sophisticated law enforcement investigations, effective maritime interdiction operations, and financial investigations in order to stem the flow of illegal drugs, aliens and weapons through Bahamian territory, and to trace, seize and forfeit the proceeds of crime; Strengthen judicial institutions so that drug traffickers, money launderers and perpetrators of other types of international crime will be prosecuted expeditiously, and the proceeds of their crimes forfeited; Assist the Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas (GCOB) to develop means to control drug-related corruption of public officials; and Assist the GCOB to prevent drug abuse among its citizens.

18. WWF-UK Latin America work with the government to promote legislation that benefits about latin America visit the latin America pages of Visit www.ukcites.gov.uk, email cites.ukma http://www.wwf.org.uk/core/wildlife/fs_0000000039.asp

19. GUIDE TO LAW ONLINE: Colombia Natural Resources legislation Colombia (University of Denver College of Law). Library of Congress) December 1988; Handbook of latin American Studies (Library of http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/colombia.html

Law Library of Congress Global Legal Information Network Library of Congress Guide to Law Online ... Index Colombia Republic of Colombia / Constitution Executive Judicial Legislative ... General Sources (includes LC Portals: Colombia CONSTITUTION (Georgetown University Political Database of the Americas) in Spanish (Presidente in Spanish International Constitutional Law: Colombia background information only EXECUTIVE - includes leyes Colombia: Executive Institutions / Instituciones Ejecutivas (Georgetown University Political Database of the Americas) JUDICIAL COURTS: Corte Suprema de Justical LEGISLATIVE OFFICIAL GAZETTE: Diario Oficial PARLIAMENT: Camera de Representantes and Senado GLIN: Global Legal Information Network (Law Library of Congress) offers 4,007 searchable English-language abstracts of laws, decrees and regulations issued from May 1966 to the present Government Trade Bureau (Colombian Government Trade Bureau) sponsored by the Embassy of Colombia in Washington, DC; provides information in English about the economics and commercial laws of Colombia

20. SBA: Minority Enterprise Development Hotlist latin American Trade Council of Oregon; latinoLink; latinoWeb; Texas Association of Mexican American Chambers of TAMACC); World Law IndexHispanic legislation; http://www.sba.gov/hotlist/minor.html

Minority Enterprise Development Hotlist U.S. Small Business Administration ENDORSEMENT AND LIABILITY General Department of Transportation - Office of Small and Disadvantaged Utilization Entrepreneurial Edge Global Net-Hispanic Resources Hispanic Association for Corporate Responsibility ... Diversity Information Resources African American Outside Resources African-American Restaurants African American Web Connection Austin, TX Free-Net African American Links BLACK EXCEL: The College Help Network ... University Press of Virginia African American Web Resources Asian American Outside Resources Asia Inc. Asia Pacific Businesses Asia Trade Asian American Journalists Association ... National Association of Asian American Professionals Hispanic Outside Resources United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Coalition to Increase Minority Degrees Hispanic Online Hispanic Information Network: HispanStar - Hispanic Business Resource ... World View - Information and Resources Concerning the Global Hispanic World Native American Outside Resources American Indian College Fund American Students United for Nursing: Native American Sites Center For World Indigenous Studies (CWIS) Classroom and Curriculum Resources History - Native American ... WEBMASTER *Last Modified: 04-04-02

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