41. History Of Laos laos festivals and travel information guide laos travel and tourism information. Hotels and tours in laos For much of its history, laos has been under the thumb of its neighbors at various http://www.visit-laos.com/sabbaidee/history.htm

home Laos travel and tourism information. Hotels and tours in Laos "sabbai dee" & welcome before you go where to visit NEAT tourism ... visit-mekong.com - the official website for tourism in the Greater Mekong Subregion - Laos Cambodia Myanmar Thailand ... Vietnam and Yunnan Province of China welcome history nature people ... language History T he following following section is written by Michael Buckley and is reproduced with kind permission from the Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos Handbook (second edition) published by Moon Publications Inc. History of Laos by Michael Buckley The earliest inhabitants of Laos were migrants from southern China. From the 11 th Monarchs of Lan Xang Siamese Satellite Land of the Lotus-Eaters In the late 19 th th century remained in existence, and tribal princes were able to increase their power by collaborating with the French. The French gave the new protectorate the name Laos, from

42. WWW Hmong Homepage WWW Hmong Homepage contains of resources relating to Hmong history, culture, language, and current events. 07/04/2003) Summer Hmong history and Culture Hmong Means Free Life laos and America http://www.hmongnet.org/

WWW Hmong Homepage http://www.hmongnet.org About the WWW Hmong Homepage Home News Current Events ... Publications Current Events and Announcements Laos AdVenture Study Tour 2004 information "A Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" at Yale University School of Medicine Summer Hmong History and Culture Paj Ntaub Voice Call for Submissions ... Five Senses Show: An Exhibition of Traditional and Modern Hmong and Lao Art Special Projects MN Dept. of Children, Families and Learning English-Hmong Dictionary of Special Education MHC Motheread/Fatheread Program Adventure into Laos (Photo Gallery by Peter Whittlesey) Teen Feedback: Questions and Answers about Being Hmong Hmong Textiles Arts at Harding High School Index of the Hmong Studies Journal Books and Publications ... Hmong Means Free: Life Laos and America... Search Amazon General Information About Hmong People, History and Culture Have a Question? Answers here! Hmong Library Research Guide Hmong Nationality Archives ... Hmong Statistics (mostly Minnesota) Zaj lus ua ntawv Hmoob/Moob (InHmong: Information on the Web Written in Hmong) The Hmong Experience in Asia and the United States (Introduction Chapter from Hmong Means Free by Dr. Sucheng Chan)

43. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo laos A Country Study. Search laos. Include word variants Use only words as entered Historical Setting. EARLY history. Power Centers in the Middle Mekong Valley http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html

LAOS - A Country Study Search Laos Include word variants Use only words as entered. LAOS Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

44. History A tourist guide to the Lao PDR. history Information page. history REVIEW. Human beings began living in the present territory of laos more than 10 000 years ago century B.C. humans in laos used iron to forge their tools http://www.laoembassy.com/discover/intro/history.htm

HISTORY REVIEW Human beings began living in the present territory of Laos more than 10,000 years ago. Stone tools implements and skulls discovered in Huaphan and Luang Prabang provinces certify the existence of such settlements. The giant jars in Xieng Khouang province and stone columns in Huaphan province date from the Neolithic period. As clearly as the last century B.C. humans in Laos used iron to forge their tools. The rural community grouping of people slowly formed into muang ( townships ) between fourth and eight century on both sides of the Mekong River and along its tributaries. In 1349-1357, a movement emerged under the command of King Fa Ngoum, a national hero, to group the muang into a unified Lan Xang Kingdom, the capital of which stood at Xiengdong Xiengthong, now known as Luang Prabang. From then on, the Kingdom of Lan xang entered into an era of national defense and construction under King Fa Ngoum who first introduced Hinayana Buddhism from the Khmer Kingdom into Laos, which is still the religion professed by the majority of Lao people. From 1479 to 1570, the Lao people were forced to defend the country against foreign aggressors.

45. About Laos pages of data and over 6,400 related links. You are at the best sourceof data on over 260 countries! laos. Country Profile. history. http://www.countryreports.org/laos.htm

CountryReports.org provides over 6,600 pages of data and over 6,400 related links. You ar e at the best source of data on over 260 countries! Laos Country Profile History Expanded Profile National Anthem Related Links: Laos Embassy in USA Laos Constitution Home Discuss World Issues! ... Premium Content Subscription Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Arctic Ocean Aruba Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Democratic Rep.

46. Laos EARLY HISTORY - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources laos EARLY history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/laos/laos_history_early_history.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Laos EARLY HISTORY http://workmall.com/wfb2001/laos/laos_history_early_history.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Stone jars dating back to prehistoric times, Plain of Jars, Xiangkhoang Province Courtesy Embassy of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Washington The original inhabitants of Laos were Austroasiatic peoples, who lived by hunting and gathering before the advent of agriculture. Skilled at river navigation using canoes, Laotian traders used routes through the mountains, especially rivers, from earliest times. The most important river route was the Mekong because its many tributaries allowed traders to penetrate deep into the hinterland, where they bought products such as cardamom, gum benzoin, sticklac, and many foods. Data as of July 1994 NOTE: The information regarding Laos on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Laos EARLY HISTORY information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Laos EARLY HISTORY should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated.

47. About Laos History history Lao's Information - Genneral information. Culture. Lao's People. Language Religion. Economic Data. Flora Fauna. Location. Time Climate. Map Route trip On a per capital basis http://www.mekongcenter.com/html/about/abouthistory.htm

48. Refugees From Laos Historical Background And Causes country in SouthEast Asia, laos covers an area of 235 many neighbours, laos has often witnessed population movements across its borders at different stages of its history http://www.hmongnet.org/hmong-au/refugee.htm

REFUGEES FROM LAOS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CAUSES By: Gary Yia LEE C O N T E N T : Introduction Early history French Domination The Indochina War ... Conclusion Introduction The only land-locked country in South-East Asia, Laos covers an area of 235,800 square kilometres with an estimated population of 3,600,000. It has border with China in the North, Vietnam in the East, Cambodia in the South and Thailand and Burma in the West. As a country with many neighbours, Laos has often witnessed population movements across its borders at different stages of its history. These have usually been in the form of migration by farmers search of new lands, or refugees fleeing political persecution from country such as China or Vietnam. In Laos itself, internal migration by farmers and people affected by war or economic recession has also frequently occurred. However, at no times had these population movements been so massive, involving tens of thousands of people, as has been the case of refugees during the Indochina War which ended with the communist victory in 1975. Modern warfare, continuous antagonism between dissenting political groups, fear of reprisals against those on the losing side of the war and many other factors contributed to make people seek freedom both within and outside Laos. When peace negotiations began in 1973 between the Lao warring factions 750,000 of its 3,000,000 population had become displaced by the war. Since 1975, more than 300,000 Lao had sought refuge in Thailand and other countries.

49. The War In Laos, 1945-54 20 July The Unités Combattantes Pathet Lao (UCPL) recognised by the Geneva Accords.The Political and Military history of laos, 194554. WW2 and the Lao Issara http://members.lycos.co.uk/Indochine/hist/laos.html

Red Princes, Opium Farmers and Elephants Danny O'Hara Aristocratic Communists, Opium Farmers and Elephants Laos, perhaps the most "backward" of the Indochinese provinces, is the only landlocked state within what was French Indochina. Bordered by Tonkin, Annam, Cambodia, Thailand, China and Burma, the area now known as Laos had fragmented from the dynamic "Kingdom of a Million Elephants" ( Muang Lan-Xang Geography and Ethnic Groups Laos is largely mountainous and thickly forested. There are plains along the Mekong and other major rivers. It has probably the lowest population density in Indochina. The people belong to several ethnic groups. The dominant group is the Lao (or Lao loum - "lowland Lao"), which account for around half the population. Other significant groups include the "tribal" Thai, Hmong and Khmu. The Lao arrived (probably from Southern China) in around the Thirteenth Century AD, and are closest related to the Thai. They are the lowland people of Laos, cultivating rice in the plains and valleys (particularly along the Mekong). Due to conquests and enforced population movements in the Nineteenth Century there are probably more Lao in Thailand than Laos! There are various other Thai groups in Laos, who have migrated in from Thailand or Southern China, including the Thai dam ("Black Thai") of the Tonkin border region. Both Lao and Thai groups speak and write dialects of Thai.

50. MapZones.com History laos, history, Back to Top. Historical research shows that the rudimentarystructures of a multiethnic state existed before the founding http://www.mapzones.com/world/asia/laos/historyindex.php

Country Info Laos Introduction Laos General Data Laos Maps Laos Culture ... Laos Time and Date Laos History Back to Top Historical research shows that the rudimentary structures of a multiethnic state existed before the founding of the Kingdom of Lan Xang in the thirteenth century. These prethirteenth-century structures consisted of small confederative communities in river valleys and among the mountain peoples, who found security away from the well-traveled rivers and overland tracks where the institutions and customs of the Laotian people were gradually forged in contact with other peoples of the region. During these centuries, the stirring of migrations as well as religious conflict and syncretism went on more or less continuously. Laos's shortlived vassalage to foreign empires such as the Cham, Khmer, and Sukhothai did nothing to discourage this process of cultural identification and, in fact, favored its shaping. In the thirteenth centuryan historically important watershed- -the rulers of Louangphrabang (Luang Prabang) constituted a large indigenous kingdom with a hierarchical administration. Even then, migratory and religious crosscurrents never really ceased. The durability of the kingdom itself is attested to by the fact that it lasted within its original borders for almost four centuries. Today, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR, or Laos) covers only a small portion of the territory of that former kingdom. Internecine power struggles caused the splitting up of Lan Xang after 1690, and the Lao and the mountain peoples of the middle Mekong Valley came perilously close to absorption by powerful neighboring rivals, namely Vietnam and Siam (present-day Thailand); China never posed a territorial threat. Only the arrival of the French in the second half of the nineteenth century prevented Laos's political disintegration. In a "conquest of the hearts" (in the words of the explorer and colonist Auguste Pavie)a singular event in the annals of colonialism in that it did not entail the loss of a single Lao lifeFrance ensured by its actions in 1893 that Laos's separate identity would be preserved into modern times. During the colonial interlude, a few French officials administered what their early cartographers labeled, for want of a better name, "le pays des Laos" (the land of the Lao, hence the name Laos), preserving intact local administrations and the royal house of Louangphrabang.

51. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Laos : History : Early History To Independence (Laos Pol AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon laos history Early history to Independence, laos Political Geography. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/L/Laos-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 10, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Laos Political Geography ... Laos By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z L Laos, Laos Political Geography Related Category: Laos Political Geography Laos O s] Pronunciation Key History- Early History to Independence The Laotians are descendants of Thai tribes that were pushed southward from Yunnan, China, in the 13th cent. and gradually infiltrated the territory of the Khmer Empire In the early 19th cent. Siam was dominant over the two Laotian kingdoms, although Siamese claims were disputed by Annam. After French explorations in the late 19th cent. Siam was forced (1893) to recognize a French protectorate over Laos, which was incorporated into the union of Indochina . During World War II, Laos was gradually occupied by the Japanese, who in 1945 persuaded the king of Luang Phabang to declare the country's independence. In 1946 the French reestablished dominion over Laos, recognizing the king as constitutional monarch of the entire country. The French granted an increasing measure of self-government, and in 1949 Laos became a semiautonomous state within the French Union. In 1951, a Communist Laotian nationalist movement, the Pathet Lao, was formed by Prince Souphanouvong in North Vietnam. In 1953, Pathet Lao guerrillas accompanied a Viet Minh invasion of Laos from Vietnam and established a government at Samneua in N Laos. That year Laos attained full sovereignty; admission into the United Nations came in 1955.

52. Laos/History - Encyclopedia Article About Laos/History. Free Access, No Registra Early history of laos encyclopedia article about Early history encyclopedia article about Early history of laos. Early history of laos in Freeonline English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. Early history of laos. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Laos/History

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Laos/History Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Laos traces its formal history (also see Early History of Laos In the seventh century, a northwesterly migration of Thai from their region of origin in northwestern Tonkin brought to the Ta-li region in what is present-day Yunnan, China, a successor state to the Ai Lao kingdom. This new kingdom, Nan-chao, expanded its power by controlling major trading routes, notably the southern Silk Road. Culturally, this polyethnic, hierarchical, and militarized state was Click the link for more information. ) to the establishment of the Kingdom of Lan Xang The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang (or in Pali, Sisattanakhanahut) was established in 1354 by Fa Ngum. Exiled as an infant to Cambodia, the Lao prince from Muang Sua eventually married one of the Khmer king's daughters and in 1349 set out from Angkor at the head of a 10,000-man army. Fa Ngum organized the conquered principalities into provinces (muang), and reclaimed Muang Sua from his father Click the link for more information.

53. Laos - History history. laos Table of Contents HISTORICAL RESEARCH SHOWS that therudimentary structures of a multiethnic state existed before the http://countrystudies.us/laos/3.htm

History Laos Table of Contents HISTORICAL RESEARCH SHOWS that the rudimentary structures of a multiethnic state existed before the founding of the Kingdom of Lan Xang in the thirteenth century. These prethirteenth-century structures consisted of small confederative communities in river valleys and among the mountain peoples, who found security away from the well-traveled rivers and overland tracks where the institutions and customs of the Laotian people were gradually forged in contact with other peoples of the region. During these centuries, the stirring of migrations as well as religious conflict and syncretism went on more or less continuously. Laos's shortlived vassalage to foreign empires such as the Cham, Khmer, and Sukhothai did nothing to discourage this process of cultural identification and, in fact, favored its shaping. In the thirteenth centuryan historically important watershed- -the rulers of Louangphrabang (Luang Prabang) constituted a large indigenous kingdom with a hierarchical administration. Even then, migratory and religious crosscurrents never really ceased. The durability of the kingdom itself is attested to by the fact that it lasted within its original borders for almost four centuries. Today, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR, or Laos) covers only a small portion of the territory of that former kingdom.

54. Laos - EARLY HISTORY EARLY history. laos Table of Contents The original inhabitants of laoswere Austroasiatic peoples, who lived by hunting and gathering http://countrystudies.us/laos/4.htm

EARLY HISTORY Laos Table of Contents The original inhabitants of Laos were Austroasiatic peoples, who lived by hunting and gathering before the advent of agriculture. Skilled at river navigation using canoes, Laotian traders used routes through the mountains, especially rivers, from earliest times. The most important river route was the Mekong because its many tributaries allowed traders to penetrate deep into the hinterland, where they bought products such as cardamom, gum benzoin, sticklac, and many foods. Power Centers in the Middle Mekong Valley A number of princely fiefdoms based on wet rice cultivation and associated with the pottery and bronze culture of Ban Chiang developed in the middle Mekong Valley from the first century A.D. These fiefdoms exercised power over their neighbors, in circumstances of generally sparse populations, through expanding and contracting spheres of influence best described by the term mandala . Commerce, marriage contracts, and warfare served to expand a

55. Laos - History , language. •, religions of laos. •, history. •, public holidays.•, overland routes into laos. , books. •, peoples of laos. laos history. http://www.cityreference.com/laos/history.htm

Home Laos Directory opening hours and festivals information and maps getting around money and costs ... religions of laos history public holidays overland routes into laos cultural hints addresses ... Laos

56. Columbus World Travel Guide - South-East Asia - Lao Peoples Democratic Republic World Travel Guide Lao Peoples Democratic Republic laos - history andGovernment - includes information on the constitution and politics. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/lao/lao580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/South-EastAsia/LaoPeoplesDemocraticRepublic[Laos]/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Lao Peoples Democratic Republic [Laos] hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses General Information Passport/Visa Money ... South-East Asia /Laos LAOS History and Government History: Laos was occupied during the fourth and fifth centuries AD by Chinese people from the north. It was subject to strong Indian influence from the eighth century onwards and adopted Buddhism. For 200 years from the early 11th century, Laos was part of the Khmer Angkor Empire. It was during this period that the Lao people, who originated in Thailand, invaded the area and displaced the previously dominant Chinese. However, there is some evidence that the Mongol empire had some influence over events in the region in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, probably in alliance with the Angkor kingdom. Following the collapse of the Khmer empire, the independent kingdom of Lan Xang, which dates back to 1349, was established as a single entity bounded by Siam (Thailand), China to the north, Vietnam and the Mekong river, occupying roughly the same territory as modern-day Laos. Populated by a mixture of ethnic Laos, Thais and various hill tribes, the Lan Xang empire lasted for three centuries while fighting off successive invasions from Vietnam, Siam (Thailand) and Burma. Internal power struggles in the 18th century were exploited by its neighbours, notably Siam which finally conquered Vientiane in 1779. The city was later destroyed by the Siamese and the remains of Lan Xang absorbed into Siam. The 19th century was a period of political turmoil in which rival powers with shifting alliances fought for control of the territory. The Siamese were the dominant power until the arrival of the French, who had already established a firm grip in neighbouring Vietnam, in the 1870s. Laos then became part of French Indo-China which lasted until the 1950s, with the exception of a brief period of Japanese occupation during World War II.

57. LaoNet's Community Contains information and articles about Hmong and ethnic Laotian culture and history. Also includes maps and photos from laos. Extensive list of Hmong and Laotianrelated links. http://www.global.lao.net/

58. Laos 4. Sky Is Falling An Oral history of the CIAs Evacuation of the Hmong from laos,Sky Is Falling An Oral history of the CIA s Evacuation of the Hmong from http://www.dropbears.com/amazon/template_history/type_browse/mode_4900

more search options Laos Home History > Laos Related Sections History Index Ancient History Maya Incas ... History A-Z Departments History Magazines Posters History Calendars History Software ... The Libertarian Reader : Classic and Contemporary Writings from Lao Tzu to Milton Friedman from Free Press Price: Customer Review: If you are looking for a quick introduction to the principles and practices of the Libertarian Party, avoid this book; a good search engine and some basic research skills are all you need. If instead you're searching for a deeper understanding of the philosophy of liberty, then I can suggest no... more info Customer Rating: Click here for more information Buy from: United Kingdom Cheating Death: Combat Air Rescues in Vietnam and Laos from Smithsonian Institution Press Price: Customer Review: As a general aviation pilot myself, my heroes are the attack, close support and fighter-bomber pilots of A-1s, A-4s, F-105s, P-47s, Typhoons, etc. These guys had to fly/dive INTO (not over or around them) their targets in the face of AAA, SAMs, and small arms fire which was not a job regular jet... more info Customer Rating: Click here for more information Buy from: United Kingdom Lost Over Laos: A True Story of Tragedy, Mystery, and Friendship

59. Encyclopedia: Early History Of Laos Updated Mar 04, 2004. Encyclopedia Early history of laos. Initial Text adaptedfrom Library of Congress Country Studies See also laos, history of laos. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Early-History-of-Laos

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #26 You're 66 times more likely to be prosecuted in the USA as in France Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: Mar 04, 2004 Encyclopedia : Early History of Laos Sponsored links: In the seventh century , a northwesterly migration of Thai from their region of origin in northwestern Tonkin brought to the Ta-li region in what is present-day Yunnan , China, a successor state to the Ai Lao kingdom. This new kingdom, Nan-chao, expanded its power by controlling major trading routes, notably the southern

60. Encyclopedia: History Of Laos Updated Mar 03, 2004. Encyclopedia history of laos. laos leadership.See also laos; Early history of laos; Kingdom of laos Related Stats. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Laos

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #41 American women have the most powerful jobs Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: Mar 03, 2004 Encyclopedia : History of Laos Sponsored links: Laos traces its formal history (also see Early History of Laos ) to the establishment of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") by King Fa Ngum in 1353. Under his rule, the wealthy and mighty kingdom covered the northeast region of present-day Thailand (

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