1. Africa Indigenous People Baule Home. africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Ibibio Idoma Igbira Igbo Ijo Kabre Karagwe Kassena Katana Kom Kongo Kota Kuba kusu Kwahu Kwere http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_baule.htm

Baule Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA - Baule "One of the Akan group sharing similar language and, in general, matrilineal inheritance. They broke away from the Asante of Ghana in the 18th century, bringing with them craftsmanship in gold and gold leaf decoration." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/baule/welcome.html Baule People "The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions." You will find material related to history, culture, religion, political structure, art and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Baule.html

2. The Sudan—Contested National Identities Joint Military Command. kusu. Khartoum University Student Union migrants from west africa, Arab traders and holy men from the Nile Valley, and other indigenous peoples.46 Pride in http://iupress.indiana.edu/textnet/0-253-33432-2/0253108713.htm

INDIANA SERIES IN MIDDLE EAST STUDIES Mark Tessler, general editor National Identities Ann Mosely Lesch Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis James Currey Oxford First published in North America by Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, Indiana 47404-3797 USA and in the United Kingdom by James Currey Ltd. 73 Botley Road Oxford OX2 0BS, UK No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lesch, Ann Mosely. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Lesch, Ann Mosely To the memory of my sister Patricia this page intentionally left blank this page intentionally left blank Maps xiii Tables Preface I N THIS STUDY I concentrate on the internal politics of the Sudan and the intricacies of north-north and north-south relations in this study. I have neither attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the economic and cultural life of the Sudan nor dwelled on foreign policy issues. I have written several articles on Sudanese foreign policy in the 1980s and 1990s, which are referenced in the bibliography. Those articles complement this analysis, which seeks to elucidate the internal forces at work inside that strife-torn country.

3. BANTU LANGUAGES North Central africa may have followed it everywhere among the Bantu peoples archaic Bantu dialect, indigenous probably to the East Vat ulema, Soko, Lokele, kusu, Turumbu, c http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BA/BANTU_LANGUAGES.htm

BANTU LANGUAGES BANTU LANGUAGES. The greater part of Africa south of the equator possesses but one linguistic family so far as its native inhabitants are concerned. This clearly-marked division of human speech has been entitled the Bantu, a name invented by Dr W. H. I. Bleek, and it is, on the whole, the fittest general term with which to designate the most remarkable group of African languages. 2 From this statement are excepted those tongues classified as semi-Bantu. In some languages of the Lower Niger and of the Gold Coast the word for fowl is generally traceable to a root kuba. This form kuba also enters the Cameroon region, where it exists alongside of -koko. Kuba may have arisen independently, or have been derived from the Bantu kuku. etymology of word-roots is concerned. Further evidence of slight etymological and even grammatical relationships may be traced as far west as the lower Niger and northern and western Gold Coast languages (and, in some word-roots, the Mandingo group). The Fula language would offer some grammatical resemblance if its suffixes were turned into prefixes (a change which has actually taken place in the reverse direction in the English language between its former Teutonic and its modern Romanized conditions; cf. offset and set-off, upstanding and standing-up ). The legends and traditions of the Bantu peoples themselves invariably point to a northern origin, and a period, not wholly removed from their racial remembrance, when they were strangers in their present lands. Seemingly the Bantu, somewhat early in their migration down the east coast, took to the sea, and not merely occupied the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, but travelled as far afield as the Comoro archipelago and even the west coast of Madagascar. Their invasion of Madagascar must have been fairly considerable in numbers, and they doubtless gave rise to the race of black people known traditionally to the Hovas as the. Va-zimba.

4. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

5. Africa africa; the first language of most people is one of Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages, kurdish kuri kurumba kusal(e) kusu kutu kwaa http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... ALRC County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

6. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile There is an indigenous repair to Figure (Buanga Power Figure) Songye or kusu (?) Democratic Republic standDahomey $600.00. Standing Figure (Bocio ) Fon people. http://www.africadirect.com/ccproducts2.php?category=11&subcategory=95

7. Kuttawa, Kentucky - Encyclopedia Article About Kuttawa, Kentucky. Free Access, N used to apply to nonblack africans, such as Arabs from northern africa. American Indians, Amerindians, or Red Indians) are indigenous peoples and descendants http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Kuttawa, Kentucky

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Kuttawa, Kentucky Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Kuttawa is a city located in Lyon County, Kentucky Lyon County is a county located in the U.S. State of Kentucky. As of 2000, the population is 8,080. Its county seat is Eddyville Geography Demographics Click the link for more information. . As of the This page is about the year 2000 AD. For information about the UK comic of that name, see 2000 A.D. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s - Years: 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 - News by month: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Click the link for more information. census, the city had a total population of 596. Geography The following is a list of sources used in the creation of Encyclopedia articles on various geographic topics and locations, such as cities, counties, states, and countries. These sources are cited within the thousands of articles which link to this page. The United States Census Bureau's 2000 gazetteer. This was the primary source for the latitude and longitude values for about 23,500 U.S. cities. The data are indexed by state, county, and place FIPS codes.

8. West Africa: Proverbs And Evaluation impositions or do they bear analogies to indigenous concerns claims made by politicians, the Hausa people comment quite Abin da ya ka da kusu wuta, ya hi wuta http://www.africaaction.org/docs00/prov0003.htm

Home Africa Policy E-Journal West Africa: Proverbs and Evaluation Presentations Africa Policy Outlook (annual) Resources on Global Apartheid Resources on Key Countries ... Resources on Key Issues Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Map of Africa Africa Bookshop Archives Africa Policy E-Journal West Africa: Proverbs and Evaluation Date distributed (ymd): 000401 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: West Africa Issue Areas: +economy/development+ Summary Contents: This posting contains a March 2000 article on participatory management and local culture, citing West African proverbs as a sophisticated and locally owned basis for evaluating the effectiveness of development projects. +++++++++++++++++end profile++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ APIC Announcement APIC's Africa Web Bookshop page on Education and Culture ( http://www.africapolicy.org/books/educ.htm

9. Index.html tribe of Inland West africa to have a centralized governing used by the conquered peoples to honor the spirits of and clans of the indigenous tengabisi inhabitants own the masks http://www.zyama.com/mossi

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10. Africa Direct-Ethnographic Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textile a variety of hard and soft woods indigenous to the have such kind faces both the people and thier Metal currency croquet wicket kusu, Congo $39.00. Copper http://africadirect.com/specials2.html?category=Specials

11. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Ma. indigenous Fellowship of 100 http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=105949&rog3=CG

12. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles People Name General Bangobango. indigenous Fellowship of 100+ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=100987&rog3=CG

13. Sudan Human Rights Watch/africa. Human Rights Watch McClintock and Human Rights Watch/africa Executive Director Peter Takirambudde the diversity of Sudan's peoples has not been respected or http://www.hrw.org/hrw/reports/1996/Sudan.htm

BEHIND THE RED LINE Political Repression in Sudan Human Rights Watch/Africa Human Rights Watch Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-75962 ISBN 1-56432-164-9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report could not have been written without the assistance of many Sudanese whose names cannot be disclosed. CONTENTS GLOSSARY xi 1 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1 2 ARBITRARY ARREST AND ADMINISTRATIVE OR PREVENTIVE DETENTION 28 THE APPLICABLE LAW 28 THE NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1995 33 THE REALITY 38 THE ROLE OF THE SUPREME COURT 38 TREND TOWARD RESTRICTION OF RIGHTS 41 PROLONGED ARBITRARY DETENTION 43 ARRESTS OF SADIQ AL MAHDI AND UMMA PARTY MEMBERS 45 MASS RELEASES OF MAY 1995 AND AUGUST 1995 47 OTHER ARRESTS: 1995 AND 1996 49 NO ICRC ACCESS TO PERSONS DETAINED IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONFLICT (PRISONERS OF WAR) 51 DAILY REPORTING AS A FORM OF HARASSMENT 53 3 TORTURE AND DEATH IN DETENTION 55 THE APPLICABLE LAW 55 SECURITY DETENTION FACILITIES AND CONDITIONS OF DETENTION 61 Ghost Houses 61 CITIBANK GHOST HOUSE BEFORE MARCH 1995 62 "CLOSING" OF CITIBANK GHOST HOUSE IN MARCH 1995 67 Kober Prison Security Facilities 67 Other Places Of Detention 70 DEATHS IN DETENTION 71 TORTURE AND CRUEL, INHUMAN

14. Saudi Aramco World : Agadez: Sultanate Of The Sahara and he finds it ironic that Tifinak, the indigenous alphabet of She hopes to strengthen even further her people s high valuation of kusu is of mixed parentage. http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200301/agadez-sultanate.of.the.sahara.htm

January/February 2003 Volume 54, Number 1 January/February 2003 Volume 54, Number 1 Agadez Sultanate of the Sahara Written by Louis Werner Photographed by Kevin Bubriski An Islamic sultanate was usually created, by custom if not by law, on the order of the ruling caliph. The fact that, throughout the lands of Islam, sultanates nonetheless exist today that were never so decreed shows the power of customary rights. The Rihla of the great Tangier-born geographer Ibn Battuta, who came this way in 1352 at the end of his world travels, is a standard reference for West African place names. The fact that he passed through the nearby copper-mining and trading center of Tiggida, but nowhere mentions Agadez, probably signifies that at that time Agadez was not a place of importance. Although modern scholars doubt that Leo indeed saw Agadez himself, his description was surely based on someone's eyewitness account: "Agadez is a walled city built by the modern sultans near Libya," he wrote. "It is the city of Blacks that is the closest to the cities of Whites, excepting Oualet [Oualata, in modern day Mauritania]. Its houses are well constructed in the style of Barbary because their inhabitants are almost all foreign merchants." With caravan routes secured by the sultan, Arab merchants were quick to make their way down from the north. For most of the 16th century, Agadez was the easternmost outpost of the Songhai, a Niger River-based empire centered in present-day Mali. Riverine Songhai is still spoken near Agadez in the town of Ingall.

15. Gtzrep.html The Relevance of indigenous Knowledge for Plant Protection Pest Management for Yemen. 3. indigenous Agricultural Knowledge in Yemen links with Egypt and africa to the west and Iraq http://www.aiys.org/webdate/gtzrep.html

DEVELOPMENT ANTHROPOLOGY IN ACTION "INDIGENOUS PLANT PROTECTION IN YEMEN" Study Commissioned by the Yemeni German Plant Protection Project (GTZ) for the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) by Daniel Martin Varisco Abdul Rahman Dubaie Muhammad Jazm Muhammad Mahyub Abd al-Wali al-Khuleidi Far too many giant projects in developing countries costing huge sums have failed dismally and have caused serious ecological problems because they lacked sufficient understanding of traditional agriculture. (Thurston 1992:1) socdmv@hofstra.edu CONTENTS Executive Summary List of Abbreviations Transliteration 1. Introduction 1.1 Objectives and Scope of Study 1.2 Project Rationale 1.3 Project Methodology 1.4 Future Research and Application of Results 2. The Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge for Plant Protection 2.1 Sustainable Production as a Priority 2.2 Plant Protection and Sustainable Crop Production Systems 2.3 Integrated Pest Management for Yemen 3. Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge in Yemen 3.1 General 3.2 Textual Sources

16. AllRefer Reference - Zaire - Ethnic Groups | Zaire Information Resource the Mongo of Équateur, Tetelakusu of Kasai 1993 violence continued in Shaba, and indigenous ethnic groups misery of the true Katangan people, began attacking http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire166.html

You are here allRefer Reference Zaire History ... Zaire Zaire Ethnic Groups According to Mobutu's diagnosis, "tribalism," or ethnic politics, was one of the First Republic's major ills. The Manifesto of N'Sele and other major statements of "authentic Zairian nationalism" declared overt promotion of ethnic identity to be illegal. Steps taken against tribalism included suppression of institutional arenas in which ethnicity could be mobilized, apparent exclusion of overt ethnic patronage within the state, and prohibition of the articulation of ethnic ideologies. The first step included dismantling electoral assemblies and political assemblies, which was accomplished during the Second Republic regime's first year. The bewildering assortment of political partiesmore than 200 of them had taken part in the 1965 ballotingwas swept away by the stroke of a pen. They were replaced by a single party, the MPR, "the nation politically organized." The twenty-one provincettes were recombined, ultimately becoming eight regions (plus Kinshasa), which became mere administrative subdivisions of the recentralized state. First Republic politicians had sustained their clientele through the open use of the resources of the state for patronage. Particular ministries had become ethnic fiefdoms, both at the central and provincial levels. Local administrators were named at the provincial level, with ethnic criteria frequently paramount. Most of these practices were swept away by the new regime's total centralization of power. The state remained a vast patrimonial domain, but the distribution of benefits was above all a presidential prerogative. Functionaries in the command hierarchy of the territorial administration were posted outside of their ethnic zones as a matter of principle. Ministers were frequently rotated, inhibiting the entrenchment of particular ethnic groups in given departments.

17. African Art Mask kusumask.jpg (110700, linked to the human body, African masks are mobile in their indigenous settings, country Mali; people Dogon; medium Wood, raffia;, http://www.world-art-resources.com/african_art_mask.html

World-Art-Resources.com The World's Largest Art-Related Link Directory! Affiliate Program Advertising HOME World-Art-Resources.com Recommended Searches... art fantasy art african art art supply ... japanese art 91 Related Web Resources - > Shop for African Art Masks at Novica Shop for world art and home décor at Novica. Connect with world artists of handcrafted home décor, unique jewelry, and original art from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. http://www.novica.com The Art of the African Mask http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~bcr/African_Mask.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask. Early 19th century; Angola, Chokwe; Wood, hemp; height 20 cm (8 in.); Bequest of W. Hawkins Ferry; 1988.193 The Chokwe of Angola http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1988.193.html Detroit Institute of Arts : Permanent Collection - AONWC: African ... Mask (Ngaady-a-Mwash). height 82 cm (32 1/2 in.); Founders Society Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Allan Shelden III Fund, funds from the Friends of African Art and the http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/1992.215.html

18. Turkish Daily News Electronic Edition, Features Section, December 8, 1997 on nature is important in myriad indigenous religions throughout called partial autobiography by people who witnessed Bye Birdie (Gencligin Tatli kusu) 1960 http://www.turkishdailynews.com/old_editions/12_08_97/feature.htm

Place your ads in the turkish daily news online.... Reach the world Features Page contents Montazuma's people On (photo) safari with ANFAD The Glass Menagerie: a fragile individual's story A Lyrical Path To Freedom ... Aziza's Mission Molly McAnailly Burke catches up with Aziza Mustafa Zadeh in Istanbul and finds her already halfway to heaven. This week in Ankara Montazuma's people By Andrew Gilder / Turkish Daily News Istanbul - The stage is dark save for a diffuse central beam surrounded by ragged patches of white light scattered about the floor. The main curtain is open revealing a bare wooden floor. Two chest-high wooden drums - intricately carved and glowing slightly from overhead illumination - are at the back on the right. Nothing behind except black drapes. The audience is still squabbling over the few remaining breathing spaces when the house lights grow dim. Deliberately, for he is a big man, Xokonosctletl Gomora walks onto the stage and into the central overhead light which intensifies with his coming. Standing foursquare to the audience, feet planted firmly apart, arms crossed and raised to just below shoulder height he stands and surveys the crush. Just as deliberately he begins to speak. The greeting is in the ancient language of the Aztecs. He keeps it short - using it for theatrical effect. Then he switches to English, welcoming the audience who have come indroves to this performance of traditional Aztec dancing - part of the Istanbul Mystic Music Festival at the Cemal Resit Rey concert salon. Their expectations are high.

19. BANTU LANGUAGES is a somewhat archaic Bantu dialect, indigenous probably to are colonies of Swahilispeaking people at Mombasa such as Vat ulema, Soko, Lokele, kusu, Turumbu, c http://55.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BA/BANTU_LANGUAGES.htm

BANTU LANGUAGES BANTU LANGUAGES. The greater part of Africa south of the equator possesses but one linguistic family so far as its native inhabitants are concerned. This clearly-marked division of human speech has been entitled the Bantu, a name invented by Dr W. H. I. Bleek, and it is, on the whole, the fittest general term with which to designate the most remarkable group of African languages. 2 From this statement are excepted those tongues classified as semi-Bantu. In some languages of the Lower Niger and of the Gold Coast the word for fowl is generally traceable to a root kuba. This form kuba also enters the Cameroon region, where it exists alongside of -koko. Kuba may have arisen independently, or have been derived from the Bantu kuku. etymology of word-roots is concerned. Further evidence of slight etymological and even grammatical relationships may be traced as far west as the lower Niger and northern and western Gold Coast languages (and, in some word-roots, the Mandingo group). The Fula language would offer some grammatical resemblance if its suffixes were turned into prefixes (a change which has actually taken place in the reverse direction in the English language between its former Teutonic and its modern Romanized conditions; cf. offset and set-off, upstanding and standing-up ). The legends and traditions of the Bantu peoples themselves invariably point to a northern origin, and a period, not wholly removed from their racial remembrance, when they were strangers in their present lands. Seemingly the Bantu, somewhat early in their migration down the east coast, took to the sea, and not merely occupied the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, but travelled as far afield as the Comoro archipelago and even the west coast of Madagascar. Their invasion of Madagascar must have been fairly considerable in numbers, and they doubtless gave rise to the race of black people known traditionally to the Hovas as the. Va-zimba.

20. Origine-Serge-Reynes-France-auction Translate this page had a great value for the people of Island. will be a leader of the indigenous insurrectionists having kusu, République démocratique du Congo, fin 19ème déb http://users.pandora.be/african-shop/origine-serge-reynes-france-auction.htm

Home Up Sothebys-Paris Christies-New-York ... Zemanek-Tribal-art-Germany [ Origine-Serge-Reynes-France-auction ] Ebay-Vivisimo Sothebys-New-York TL-tests African-Antiques site map ... tribes Hear the news and discuss it, join African art goup in English or Discussions AntiquesAfricaines Français Join also our free monthly newsletter packed with auction news, fairs, exhibitions, recent items, new websites, stolen items, buying tips,... We Respect Your Email Privacy David Norden. Sint Katelijnevest 27. B2000 Antwerp. Belgium. Tel: +32 3 2273540 ART TRIBAL auctions From Origine Serge Reynes - France Paris, Drouot. Serge Reynes 07.05.2004 Room 4 Resumé en français: Arts primitifs This auction presents 287 items from several European private collections : We organize a new art auction : ART TRIBAL AFRICA –PRECOLOMBIAN ART– OCEANIA MESOPOTAMIA Serge Reynes Paris, Drouot. Serge Reynes 07.05.2004 Room 4 Art Tribal V 9, rue Drouot, 14h00 arts primitifs Lot12: A fine Marquise piece from the Van Lier collection Tribal V The catalogue is available at Tél. : (33)1 48 57 91 46 - Fax : (33)1 48 57 68 18

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