61. Virtual Nations - World Map - Asia Kurdish Worldwide Resource com Links, origins, demographics, language, geography,geology, maps, literature, art. (US) kurdistan ca Homepage of Kamaran http://users.fmg.uva.nl/pbakker/vn/asia.html

Click on name Home Nationalism World Map Asia Resources Research Journals Credits ... e-mail ARMENIA Probably most of the Armenians are living outside Armenia. The reasons are the Armenian Diaspora and the genocide of 1915 by the Turks (Turkey denies that such an event took place). Since 1991 an independent Armenian exists but according some Armenians, a part of Armenia is still occupied by Turkey. Armenia has also a conflict with Azerbaijan over the 'Armenian' enclave Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia [edu] At the Russian and East European Information Center at the University of Texas (Austin). Links-collection. [com] Discussion forum on Armenia: culture, politics, news. Armenian Genocide I [com] Pictures, links and information by Reynold E. Khachatourian. Armenian Genocide II [to / tripod.com] Banner: 1.5 MILLION ARMENIANS KILLED. Extensive coverage of the Armenian genocide: history, pictures, media articles of 1915, links, gues tbook. Armenian Highland [com] Armenian Terror [com] Turkish site were the genocide is denied: "Here you will find the photographs of massacres by the Armenians (...). These photos are proving that it was the Turkish Genocide not the Armenian."

62. Reinventing Roots (US); kurdistan Web (Germany). Hosted on the German humanrights server. Art, people,geography, antropology, maps, literature, architecture, history, language http://users.fmg.uva.nl/pbakker/roots.html

Reinventing Roots New media and national identity Paper presented at the Second Expert Meeting on Media and Open Societies, organized by The Amsterdam School of Communications Research ASCoR of the University of Amsterdam and the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, Amsterdam, 21-23 October 1999 Dr. Piet Bakker Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) University of Amsterdam Contents Abstract Introduction: Internet users Internet use Virtual communities ... Download this article in Word-format. Abstract The Internet can be a very important vehicle for the transmission of ideas concerning a national identity, particular for people who have lost or left their homeland. Presenting it as very complete and historic enduring, going back for several thousand years emphasizes this identity. Completeness of the identity means presenting it with as many aspects as possible: art, culture, music, cuisine, flags, anthems, tourism, politics etc. These findings are derived from a small pilot study on 30 websites of Kurd, Armenian and Macedonian origin. Introduction: Internet users The unequal distribution of Internet users is however somewhat superficial. When we look more closely at some of the users, it is clear there are many users from so-called 'underdeveloped Internet countries' on line. Immigrants, students and professionals, who left their countries of birth, devote much of their time (and webspace) to their region of origin. In this small research we will concentrate on this group of users: strangers in a strange land but keeping a close tie with their roots.

63. KurdishMedia.com - Articles And Opinion Regarding Kurdish Issue They are demanding democracy for Iraq and a federal system based on ethnicityand geography where Iraqi kurdistan could be kept together as a federated http://www.kurdishmedia.com/reports.asp?id=1784

64. KurdishMedia.com - Articles And Opinion Regarding Kurdish Issue The Arabization policy in kurdistan; however, has not only caused the Kurds extremefinancial damages, but also damaged the demography, geography and character http://www.kurdishmedia.com/reports.asp?id=1741

65. Kurdland.com - Kurdish Search Engine, Kurdish Music, Kurdistan, Kurds, Kurdish M All about kurdistan, Hits 866 5/5/2002. Here you can know everything aboutkurdistan and understand their society and geography, http//rawand.home.ro. http://www.kurdland.com/main/default.asp?Search=yes&id=21

66. Iraq And Kurdistan - Alliance Internationale Pour La Justice BAGHDAD, At Adnan Katan’s school in the Iraqi capital, the students can hardlywait to get their hands on new textbooks, especially in history and geography http://www.i-a-j.org/diffusion947.php?selectmenu=&itemliste=136&nommenu=Liste de

67. The Kurdish People: An Analysis By Language, Geography, Religion And Ethnicity They are also the most dispersed into other countries outside kurdistan. . ExploringKurdish Origins http//www.kurdish.com/kurdistan/people/people.htm. http://www.spongobongo.com/her9707.htm

THE KURDISH PEOPLES The following chart summarizes an extensive survey and evaluation of the Kurdish peoples and the languages they speak. I have followed the classification of languages and dialects used by the Summer Institute of Linguistics , as published in the Ethnologue , 13th Edition, 1996, online. This represents a revision of names and dialect groupings among the Kurds, based on later research than other sources used. This appears to be the most recent schema summarizing research on the Kurdish languages. Previous sources were not consistent, so accounting for some variations from this presentation. Observations and Findings with Conclusions follow the chart. Dr. Orville Boyd Jenkins research@ottawa.com PEOPLE NAME COUNTRY LANGUAGE BRANCH LANGUAGE DIALECTS ALTERNATE NAMES FOR THIS PEOPLE OR LANGUAGE OTHER ETHNIC NAMES (TRIBES, CLANS) PLACE NAMES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PEOPLE RELIGIOUS SECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PEOPLE ROPAL (FROM THE ETHNO- LOGUE) PEOPLE POPULATION IN THIS COUNTRY PEOPLE POPULATION IN THE WORLD SPEAKERS OF THIS LANG IN THE WORLD Bajelan Iraq ZAZA-GORANI BAJELAN Shabak, Gurani

68. Bulten like to cover the following topics a quick review geography and demographics Oilfor Food Program and reflections on challenge of accessing Iraqi kurdistan. http://www.kurdistan.nu/english/iraqi_kurdistan.htm

PSK PSK Bulten KOMKAR Roja Nû ... Webmaster Iraqi Kurdistan: rucible for Democracy and Model for a Post-Saddam Iraq Prof. Carole O'Leary Scholar in Residence at the AU Center for Global Peace Presentation at the Kuwait Information Office, July 6, 2001 Good afternoon. I am delighted to be here and thank Dr. Shafeeq Al Ghabra and the Kuwait Information Office for hosting this gathering. I have informally titled my presentation: "Iraqi Kurdistan: Crucible for Democracy and Model for a Post-Saddam Iraq." In the short time I have, I would like to cover the following topics: a quick review geography and demographics, a discussion of the evidence for democratization, civil society building and human rights training, some first hand observations  about the Oil for Food Program and reflections on challenge of  accessing Iraqi Kurdistan. Let me begin by stating that I have just returned from a three week visit to Iraqi Kurdistan. Most of my time was spent in Erbil, Dahuk, and Sulaimania. But I also took various extended road trips to towns and villages in the areas around these three cities. First, a brief a review of geography and demographics.

69. Bulten geography and Population The number of Kurds in the four parts of kurdistan andwithin the borders of the four countries that have divided it up between http://www.kurdistan.nu/english/eng_kurdish_question.htm

PSK PSK Bulten KOMKAR Roja Nû ... Webmaster THE KURDISH QUESTION - ITS HISTORY AND PRESENT SITUATION Kemal Burkay During recent years the Kurdish question has reappeared, more intensely than before, on the international agenda. For years, this question has been of fundamental concern to the countries of the region, and it has led to extensive internal controversies and economic and social crises. In order to further an understanding of the Kurdish question in its present dimensions, a summary of its historical and geographical background is necessary. Language, Religion, and History The Kurds are, together with the Arabs, Persians, and Armenians, one of the most ancient peoples of the Near East. The country they inhabit is called Kurdistan. The Kurds have their own language, Kurdish. Kurdish is a member of the Indo-European family of languages; like Persian, Afghan, and Beluchi, it is one of the Iranian languages. Kurdish is unrelated to the Arabic or Turkish languages. Literary works have been written in the Kurdish language since the tenth century A.D. Kurdish is a lively and rich language that has managed to survive despite all the oppression and bans to which it has been exposed. There are hundreds of poets, writers, and researchers writing in Kurdish. Many dictionaries and grammar books have been written for the Kurdish language. Kurdish folklore also has a very rich tradition.

70. Turkey Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resource geographic.org; Home Beginning in 1984, the kurdistan Workers Party (Partiya KarkerekurdistanPKK) launched guerrilla attacks on government personnel and http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_introduction.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Turkey Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkey/turkey_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) was established on October 29, 1923, under the firm control and leadership of Mustafa Kemal, better known as Kemal Atatürk. The new state was at once the successor to and victor over the Ottoman Empire, long a major power in the European states system. The creation of the modern Turkish polity reflected not only a successful struggle against external enemies but also a triumph over deeply rooted domestic traditions. The republic deliberately rejected important elements of Turkey's Ottoman past, especially the Ottoman dynasty's claim to spiritual leadership of Muslims worldwide. However, the official disestablishment of Islam as the state religion in 1924 did not result in the creation of a fully secular society as Atatürk and his colleagues had hoped. Although a commitment to secularism has continued to be almost a prerequisite for membership in the country's political elite, Turkey has experienced several popular movements of Islamic political activism. The most recent movement, which began in the mid-1980s and is continuing, has threatened secularism in ways the republic's founders could not have imagined in the 1920s and 1930s.

71. Resistance Power and Rebellion geography of injustice and ethics of resistance.News kurdistan. • Freedom to say nothing, by Nick Cohen http://128.242.103.136/~resisftp/resistance/engnews/newsku.htm

Power and Rebellion: Geography of injustice and ethics of resistance News - Kurdistan Freedom to say nothing, by Nick Cohen July 4, 1999 An American journalist faces six years in a Turkish jail for telling the truth back to the top

72. CARL T. DAHLMAN Littlefield. _. 2002. The Political geography of kurdistan , Eurasiangeography and Economics, 43 (4) 271299. Teaching geography http://www.cla.sc.edu/geog/facStaff/dahlman.html

COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS GEOGRAPHY HOME PAGE SITEMAP UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM ... USC GEOG LISTSERV USC THIS SITE CARL T. DAHLMAN Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of Kentucky, 2001 Department of Geography Callcott, Room 226 Columbia, SC 29208 Phone: (803) 777-1592 Fax: (803) 777-4972 Email: dahlman@sc.edu Personal webpage: www.cla.sc.edu/geog/faculty/dahlmanc Areas of Interest Political Geography Critical Geopolitics Refugee Studies Space and Identity Europe, Middle East Recent Publications WorldMinds: Geographical Perspectives on 100 Problems . Washington, D.C.: Association of American Geographers. pp. 37-41. A Companion to Cultural Geography . Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishers. pp. 485-498. Geopolitics Engaging Film: Geographies of Mobility and Identity , Dixon, D. and Cresswell T. (Ed.), Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Eurasian Geography and Economics Teaching Geography of Europe Political Geography History of Geographic Thought Seminar in Political Geography Environmental Security Grad Advisees Katie Freer, PhD student

73. Faculty Publications 2002 422. Dahlman, C. 2002. The Political geography of kurdistan , Eurasiangeography and Economics, 43 (4) 271299. Dow, K. 2002. http://www.cla.sc.edu/geog/people/facPub2002.html

COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS GEOGRAPHY HOME PAGE SITEMAP UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM ... USC GEOG LISTSERV USC THIS SITE Faculty Publications 2002 Faculty Publications: Books and Monographs Heinz Center ( Graf, W.L. as committee chair and major author). 2002. Dam Removal: Science and Decision Making . Washington, D.C.: Heinz Center, 277 p. Heinz Center ( Graf, W.L. as committee chair and major author) Research Opportunities in Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey . Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 130 p. Graf, W.L. , Buttenfield, B.P., Harden, C.P, Jensen, J.R. , Malanson, G.P., McDowell, P.F., McLafferty, S., Palm, R.I., Psuty, N.P. and H.J. Vaux. 2002. Geography in the Critical Zone: Research Opportunities for the U. S. Geological Survey . Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences National Research Council, 130 p. Bossler, J.D., Jensen, J. R. , McMaster, R.B. and C. Rizos. 2002. Manual of Geospatial Science and Technology Miller, R.B., Abbott, M.R., Goetz, A.F.H., Harding, L.W., Jensen, J.R. , Johannsen, C.J., Macauley, M., MacDonald, J.S. and J.S. Pearlman. 2002.

74. Back To Iraq 3.0: Greetings From Kurdistan Iranian border, has agreed in principle to a federal Iraqi government with the regionsbased on geography instead of ethnicity. The kurdistan Democratic Party http://www.back-to-iraq.com/archives/000270.php

Main March 10, 2003 Greetings from Kurdistan The city of Arbil from a fortress on a hill KDP From: Karzan Aziz To: Christopher Allbritton Date: Mon Mar 10, 2003 01:23:24 PM EST Subject: Greetings from Kurdistan Dear Christopher: How are you dear friend? How are doing? I was thinking about you. I hope this e-mail finds you in a good health. thank you very much for your e-mail. How things are going in NY ? I hope your country all the best. I'm so sorry that I could not reply [to] you soon, but I'm v. busy these days, but any way i tried to reply you the internet line was not working properly. dear friend, concerning your questions... regarding Turkey, we feel that we're betrayed by them. i think you know  about the demonstration against the Turks , people have got very worried here because of Turkey. As far as i'm concerned i do believe that turkey will face problems if invaded Kurdistan, as i have met so many people they all repeat the same thing "as we have been fighting against Saddam from many decades, we are ready to fight Turkey some more other decades." i don't feel betrayed by America because you know the coming stage will decide whether we will be betrayed or not. though we, unfortunately, as kurds are used [to] wars but this time is entirely different from ever since people are scared here and they are afraid of chemical or biological war. if you are asking about me i'm just fine, thank you very much, and you asked me whether i have met any journalists or not!!!!! yes i have and i'm working as a translator with some scandinavian journalists and i'm going to be getting a translation-job with a German

75. PolitInfo.com: Country Facts About Turkey 2004 Iraq. The PKK changed its name to the kurdistan Freedom and DemocracyCongress (KADEK) in April 2002. geography, Turkey, Top of Page. http://www.politinfo.com/infodesk/countryfacts/tu.html

More Info on Turkey Shop politinfo.com WWW You are here: PolitInfo.com InfoDesk Country Facts 2004 Turkey Click to enlarge Introduction Geography People Government ... Turkey Print-Friendly Page This page was last updated on 6 January, 2004 Click here to view Map of Turkey Legend Definition Field Listing Rank Order Introduction Turkey Top of Page Background: Geography Turkey Top of Page Location: southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 35 00 E Map references: Middle East Area: total: 780,580 sq km water: 9,820 sq km land: 770,760 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Texas Land boundaries: total: 2,648 km border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km Coastline: 7,200 km

76. Kurds & Kurdistan: Bibliography presents general information on the Kurds and their nonexistent state of kurdistan.This introductory essay describes the geography, language, religion, and http://www.albany.edu/~meho/kurds.html

The Kurds and Kurdistan A Selective and Annotated Bibliography . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997. Compiled by Lokman I. Meho DESCRIPTION As the Kurdish question becomes more prominent in Middle Eastern politics, it is attracting attention from the media, the academic community, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. Swamped with questions from the press and academic departments, students of Kurdish topics have needed a comprehensive bibliography on the Kurds. This book meets that need. An introductory essay provides users with general background information on the Kurds and Kurdistan. With over 800 entries, the annotated bibliography provides information on the most important works about the Kurds and Kurdistan published from World War II through 1996. Emphasizing recent titles, the book focuses on English-language scholarly works. Arranged in topical chapters, the book opens with a section on general works, then covers travel works, history and archaeology, politics, minorities and religion in Kurdistan, society, economy, language and education, literature and folklore, and culture and arts. REVIEWS "A 24-page introduction to this bibliography presents general information on the Kurds and their nonexistent state of Kurdistan. This introductory essay describes the geography, language, religion, and tribal culture of the 30 million Kurds who are scattered among Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Azerbaijan (with the largest number in Turkey). This information is followed by a brief history of the Kurds since 1918 in each of the five neighboring nations.

77. BBC - Education Scotland - Higher Bitesize Ask A Teacher Archive - Geography - H Archive geography - Human - A Question from Jannette. Student Name, Jannette.Question, What and where is kurdistan? Is it a country or a region? Answer, http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/higher/other/ask/geography/huma

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index THURSDAY 10th June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage Scotland Scotland Education ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! B Home Ask a Teacher Geography Human / A Question from Jannette Archive - Geography - Human - A Question from Jannette Student Name Jannette Question What and where is Kurdistan? Is it a country or a region? Answer Have a look at this web site www.knn.u-net.com/index.htm It will show the area known as Kurdistan which you will see is not a country but an area which spreads over the countries of Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran

78. BookFinder.com: Trapped Between The Map And Reality: Geography And Perceptions O Trapped Between the Map and Reality geography and Perceptions of kurdistan. TitleTrapped Between the Map and Reality geography and Perceptions of kurdistan. http://www.bookfinder.com/dir/i/Trapped_Between_the_Map_and_Reality-Geography_an

Search About Interact Help Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan by Maria Theresa O'Shea ISBN: Title: Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan Author: Maria Theresa O'Shea Publisher: Routledge Edition: Hardcover Found a mistake in this data? Conditions of use Search About ... Contact us...

79. Interview With An Official From The Islamic Movement In Kurdistan Union, which are Armenia and Azerbaijan now, bearing in mind that kurdistan is divided byhistory, the Kurds have been oppressed by both history and geography. http://www.islam.org.au/articles/20/kurds.htm

[This article was published in the 20th issue of Nida'ul Islam magazine (http://www.islam.org.au), September-October 1997] An Official from the Islamic Movement in Kurdistan provides A Comprehensive Analysis of the Kurdish Cause On 25 August 1988, there was an operation which Saddam himself named "Al-Anfal", where he gave permission to his troops to keep whatever they get their hands on, including the Kurdish women whereby more than 184,000 were taken as slaves The movement governs the east of Sulaimania in the east of Kurdistan in Iraq. Its areas of influence are inhabited by two hundred thousand people in five cities and one hundred villages; all gratitude to Allah, over the last year, the movement began to enforce the Islamic Punishment Law The call from the Islamic groups is fruitful these days, especially after the infighting amongst the secular Kurdish groups and the weakening of the authority of Saddam over the region. Halbajah was attacked when its inhabitants numbered 70,000, today, all gratitude to Allah, it has 100,000 inhabitants Introducing Sheikh Fateh Karikar Born in 1956, Iraq.

80. 2002 Top of page. No. 4, June 2002. The Political geography of kurdistan, 271.Carl Dahlman. The Kurds and kurdistan A Commentary, 300. Michael E. Bonine. http://www.bellpub.com/psge/2002/a02tc.htm

Home Contact Us Price List Get Acrobat ... Online Edition Volume 43, 2002 Issue 1 published under the title Post-Soviet Geography and Economics (ISSN 1088-9388) Issue: No. 1, January-February 2002 Urban and Rural Effects on Party Preference in Russian: New Evidence from the Recent Duma Election Ralph S. Clem and Peter R. Craumer Russia's Industrial Infrastructure: A Risk Assessment D. J. Peterson and Eric K. Bielke Russian Agrarian Policy Under Putin Stephen K. Wegren Restructuring the Central and Eastern European Automobile Industry: Legacies, Trends, and Effects of Foreign Direct Investmet Petr Pavlínek Top of page No. 2, March 2002 Economic Transition at the Local Level: Diverse Forms of Town Development in China Laurence J. C. Ma and Gonghao Cui Growth and Decline of Muslim Majority Enclaves in Beijing Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan Where Will Europe End? Ukraine and the Limits of European Integration Christian Sellar and John Pickles Electoral Behavior in the Russian Far East, 1995–2000: Contextual and Compositional Effects

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