41. African Studies: West Africa kuba and Carola topics of study involving the Mande peoples of West http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/West.html

West Africa by Region and Country West Africa by country African Development Bank Group on West African Countries Basic economic indicators, ADB strategy paper, environmental profile, project and other reports all in downloadable PDF. African Digital Library: West African Digital Resources Project (Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan) A website about a new digital library project (begun in 2000/2001) at Michigan State University, l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, and the West African Research Center in Dakar, Senegal. The site includes thus far: materials relating to West African history and cultures mostly from the private archives of individual scholars: selected photographs, unpublished research papers and conference proceedings, field notes, and short audio files of informants and interviews with scholars. ALMA: African Language Materials Archive : A joint project of the West African Research Center (Dakar, Senegal), Columbia University, CAORCCouncil of American Overseas Research Centers, and UNESCO. (via AODLAmerican Overseas Digital Library, a project of the CAORC, Washington, DC) A collection of 33 electronic books in three major languages of West Africa: Wolof, Mandinka, and Pular. The archive was produced through a pilot project launched by the

42. African Masks linked to the human body, african masks are mobile in their indigenous settings. Since the middle of this century, as the peoples of africa have modified http://www.africaszawadi.com/africa today/art/masks/masks1.htm

Contribute Or upload your Photos Sub Menu Segment Navigator Main Site Navigator African Arts General Arts Batics Masks Sculptures Zanzibar Doors Africa Today Art Education Gallery Health Housing Landscapes Religion Transport Wildlife Work Main Site Menu Africa Today African Nations African Leaders African Lifestyles News Headlines Africa's Shop Support Programs Creative Support Street Kids HIALEM Page FAQ Index Contact Forms African Masks Masking refers to a broad spectrum of ceremonies and beliefs that have traditionally been practiced in Africa and other parts of the world. To wear a mask and its associated vestment was to conceal one's own identity in the guise of another. Whether this other was a spirit, ancestor, or another person-either revered or feared-the ceremony in which the masked performer participated marked a time of transition, when otherworldly powers were invoked to aid in human affairs.

43. Wilder, Minnesota - Encyclopedia Article About Wilder, Minnesota. Free Access, N used to apply to nonblack africans, such as Arabs from northern africa. Indians, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Red Indians) are indigenous peoples and descendants http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Wilder, Minnesota

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Wilder, Minnesota Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Wilder is a city located in Jackson County, Minnesota Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. State of Minnesota. As of 2000, the population is 11,268. Its county seat is Jackson Geography Click the link for more information. . As of the This page is about the year 2000 AD. For information about the UK comic of that name, see 2000 A.D. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s - Years: 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 - News by month: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Click the link for more information. census, the city had a total population of 69. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. Its mission is defined in the Constitution of the United States, which directs that the population be enumerated at least once every ten years (through the U.S. Census), and the number of Representatives in Congress determined accordingly. It also is in charge collecting statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. Click the link for more information.

44. Arena Township, Minnesota - Encyclopedia Article About Arena Township, Minnesota used to apply to nonblack africans, such as Arabs from northern africa. American Indians, Amerindians, or Red Indians) are indigenous peoples and descendants http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Arena Township, Minnesota

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Arena Township, Minnesota Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Arena Township is a township located in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota Lac qui Parle County is a county located in the U.S. State of Minnesota. As of 2000, the population is 8,067. Its county seat is Madison Geography Click the link for more information. . As of the This page is about the year 2000 AD. For information about the UK comic of that name, see 2000 A.D. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s - Years: 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 - News by month: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Click the link for more information. census, the township had a total population of 153. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. Its mission is defined in the Constitution of the United States, which directs that the population be enumerated at least once every ten years (through the U.S. Census), and the number of Representatives in Congress determined accordingly. It also is in charge collecting statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. Click the link for more information.

45. African Tribes kuba. The ndako gboya appears to be indigenous; a spirit that affords protection There is a great diversity of sculptural tradition among peoples inhabiting the http://users.pandora.be/african-shop/tribe_info.htm

Home Up African-Antiques site map masks ... tribes Hear the news and discuss it, join African art goup in English or Discussions AntiquesAfricaines Français Join also our free monthly newsletter packed with auction news, fairs, exhibitions, recent items, new websites, stolen items, buying tips,... We Respect Your Email Privacy David Norden. Sint Katelijnevest 27. B2000 Antwerp. Belgium. Tel: +32 3 2273540 African tribes in African art. A complete African tribes art list, african sculptures and masks description. The visual, performing, and literary arts of native Africa, particularly of sub-Saharan, or black, Africa. The arts include the media of sculpture, painting, textiles, costume, jewelry, architecture, music, dance, drama, and poetry. visit Central Africa South Africa Madagascar Art West Africa Join our FREE MONTHLY NEWSLETTER packed with auction news, fairs, exhibitions, items descriptions, new websites, stolen items, buying tips,... African art Discussions in English A free group related on African art with more than 450 members. Share your love for African art.

46. An A-Z Of African Studies On The Internet Bg6 Burkina Faso and Ghana) Richard kuba Carola Lentz Human Rights, Oral History and indigenous peoples’ Memory The History Project and a Griqua People’s Story http://www.lib.msu.edu/limb/a-z/az_bg6.html

An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet Part B-G6 Ge'ez - Guinee-Bissau Back to: A-Z of African Studies Ge'ez (Ethiopic language) "Ge'ez Literature, Church Libraries, and the Coming, from Europe, of the Printed Word" By Dr. Richard Pankhurst http://addistribune.ethiopiaonline.net/Archives/1998/08/28-08-98/Hist-308.htm Ge'ez pages of Visafric (offers download of GeezTypeNet software) http://tigrina.visafric.com/ Genadendal (South Africa)History Genadendal archaeology project http://www.archafrica.uct.ac.za/schools'%20projects/gena.htm GenderAfrica see also "WOMEN" African Gender Institute (AGI, University of CapeTown) http://www.uct.ac.za/org/agi/ VISIONS-AFR! is a space for people and organizations within West Africa and outside to come together, discuss, and work on issues of gender, reproductive health and rights within the region. It is bilingual, French and English TO SUBSCRIBE: majordomo@hsphsun2.harvard.edu

47. Collection - Charles Derby and insects) account for the loss of much indigenous historical evidence. points up the complexity of modern africa, whose peoples may simultaneously http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=236

48. Met Special Topics Page | Ways Of Recording African History the mbudye association of the Luba peoples from what and display of these treasures invoked kuba history and written in Ge ez, the indigenous written language http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ahis/hd_ahis.htm

Related Timeline Content Timelines Central Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. Eastern and Southern Africa, 1400-1600 A.D. Eastern Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. Guinea Coast, 1600-1800 A.D. Southern Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. Western and Central Sudan, 1000-1400 A.D. Western and Central Sudan, 1400-1600 A.D. Western and Central Sudan, 1600-1800 A.D. Special Topics African Christianity in Ethiopia African Lost-Wax Casting Calligraphy in Islamic Art Empires of the Western Sudan Exchange of Art and Ideas: the Benin, Owo, and Ijebu Kingdoms Inland Niger Delta Kingdoms of Madagascar: Maroserana and Merina The Kuba Kingdom The Luba and Lunda Empires Origins and Empire: the Benin, Owo,and Ijebu Kingdoms Political African Women of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries Portraits of African Leadership Trade and the Spread of Islam in Africa Trade Relations Among European and African Nations Maps World Map, 1600-1800 A.D. Africa Map, 1600-1800 A.D. British Museum, London Ndop Figure of King Shyaam aMbul a Ngoong, late 18th century Wood; H. 21 1/2 in. (54.6 cm) www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk

49. The First Masks Over thirty thousand years ago, somewhere in africa, an indigenous Hunter the Latin, persona, which means mask. For early indigenous peoples, masks were a http://www.webzinemaker.net/africans-art/index.php3?action=page&id_art=28378

50. In The Presence Of Spirits and sculptural inventiveness of the cultures indigenous to these of objects from the Bidjogo peoples who live figures and other sculpted objects from africa. http://www.webzinemaker.net/africans-art/index.php3?action=page&id_art=534

51. Gods And Former Kingdoms Of Africa indigenous beliefs emphasize continuity between people and nature. Kongo kingdom (15th century) and the other one is probably the kuba kingdom (17th http://www.linknet.com.au/adcnet/messages/40.html

Gods and former kingdoms of Africa Follow Ups Post Followup ADC Network Notice Board FAQ Posted by jack kybird (80.225.87.107) on March 16, 2002 at 09:43:49: What is Palo Mayombe? Palo Mayombe is an African Diasporic religion originated with the Bantu people from the Congo region of Africa it's Priests are, called Paleros or are feared by many because of their practices of brujeria, or witchcraft. Practice and worship in Palo is centered around the prendas , which are consecrated pots that contain sticks, bones, dirts and herbs that are sacred to a particular Nkisi, the Gods and Goddessess of Palo. . Prendas are very powerful in the hands of a trained Palero, and can be utilized to perform nearly any function. The Spirits of the Dead, called the Fumbi, are also of paramount importance to the Palero. Paleros work with Spirit Guides to obtain information and wisdom, as well as with lower spirits that serve a variety of functions at the Tata (Father) or Yaya's (Mother) behest. These lower spirits are sometimes referred to as perros, or dogs. The Gods and Goddesses of Palo In Palo Mayombe, the gods and goddesses that the Palero worships and calls upon for help are called the Nkisi. Each Nkisi rules over a different aspect of life and nature. The Nkisi are housed in special pots that are called prendas. The prenda also houses the Fumbi, are Spirits of the Dead who aid and serve the Nkisi as well as the Palero. Without the Nkisi and the Fumbi, the Palero is powerless.

52. In These Times 25/16 -- Out Of Africa indigenous expression took on fresh value traditions in the visual arts the Fang or kuba in the to plundering so many art objects of a conquered people over so http://www.inthesetimes.com/issue/25/16/zachary2516b.html

sitemap Nearly a half century since the decolonization of Africa, the question remains: Why is Europe still the best place to view or buy traditional and tribal African art? While the world has started to pay attention to the collapse of health care systems in sub-Saharan Africaand the concomitant spread of AIDS and the resurgence of "vanquished" diseases such as malaria and tuberculosislittle is said about the continent's cultural collapse. The governments that have plundered the continent's resources also have ignored the vast cultural treasures in their countries. Only African music retains a firm footing, because of its commercial base and vague attraction to listeners of Western pop. But Africa's great traditions of sculpture, mask-making and textile design are poorly 16th century ivory Benin mask, seized by British invaders in 1897. BRITISH MUSEUM recognized at home. Even behemoths such as Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, or South Africa, the richest nation of black Africa, boast no museums where visitors are presented with anything like the breadth, diversity and sheer quality of the art produced across the continent. Instead, museums in Africa tend toward the local and disconnected. And that's in places where museum curators aren't selling off pieces themselves or conspiring with thieves. To get a feel for the immense diversity of tribal African art requires a visit not to Africa, but to London, Paris, Berlin, Brussels, New York, Washington or Los Angeles.

53. Ajepong Syllabus People and Cultures of africa links Creativity Creativity and Two Dimensional kuba Textile Design TwoStory Architecture Islam and indigenous african Cultures http://cehd.ewu.edu/faculty/ntodd/GhanaUDLP/Adjepong.html

VC Sam Adjepong at wheat harvest in Harrington, Washington, August 1996 ELEMENTS OF AFRICAN CULTURE by Professor Samuel Kwasi Adjepong Vice Chancellor, University of Cape Coast Course Description: An opportunity to explore the great African continent. The concept "African culture" will be defined and delineated. The major characteristics of African culture will be outlined, including: kinship, family and marriage, indigenous political systems and traditional economic patterns and belief systems. Students will learn how agents of social change such as industrialization, colonial rule, education, urbanization and Christianity have shaped African culture. The status of women in contemporary African society will also be explored. I. INTRODUCTION 1. The myth of the "homogenous" African culture; the reality of cultural pluralism in Africa. 2. Africa in Historical perspective (a) Misconceptions and distortions about African past. (b) Africa in antiquity - ancient cultures and civilizations. Note: Africa has been a dynamic partner in civilization. The earliest civilization (OLDUVAI CIVILIZATION) more than 2000 years ago, has been found near Tanganyika. Africa is the cradle of humanity. (i) Egypt: the art of writing Kush: irrigation technology Axum: astronomy Moroe: geometry and medicine Moroe: the invention of paper Moroe: the pyramids Moroe: the mummification of the dead Ancient Egyptians were black. Egypt was founded by people from the south of Africa. Most names of Pharaoh's were Ethiopian.

54. GENERAL INFORMATION ON GHANA Creativity and Two Dimensional kuba Textile Design Story Architecture Islam and indigenous african Cultures History of africa syllabus from Indiana University. http://cehd.ewu.edu/faculty/ntodd/GhanaUDLP/AfricanCurriculum

GENERAL INFORMATION ON GHANA Profile of Ghana from the Embassy of the Republic of Ghana in the U. S. GHANA - A Country Study by the U. S. Library of Congress Regional Information on Ghana from USAID News from Ghana AFRICAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY Introduction to Peoples and Cultures of Africa People and Cultures of Africa African Politics and International Relations Links to African Cultural Resources ... Baobab Visual Narratives Political Expansion and Creativity in the Asante State Theoretical Essay on Crisis and Creativity Creativity and Two Dimensional Kuba Textile Design Asante Political Expansion Batimalliba Two-Story Architecture Islam and Indigenous African Cultures Shawabtis and Nubia Yoruba Masking Traditions Ife: An Ancient Yoruba City State Akan Social Organization Ashanti Kinship AfricaCulture and Society The Legend of Sundiata, Lion King of Mali ... African Ethnicities AFRICAN HISTORY African History syllabus from Oberlin College History of Africa syllabus from Indiana University History of Tropical Africa from the University of WisconsinLaCrosse Africa in World Perspectives syllabus from the University of Illinois Pre-Colonial Africa syllabus from Allegheny College Colonial Africa syllabus from Allegheny College Comparative Slavery in the Americas syllabus from Allegheney College Links for the History of West Africa African History and Studies links from Boston University African Studies web links from the University of Pennsylvania Links for History of Africa in general Africa: History links

55. Tribal Arts - Links - Autumn Gallery Handcrafted Tribal Arts terra cotta pieces from Congo, kuba, Zaire, Fang Information available for the following peoples Akan Akuapem Rainforest Jewels. Rare indigenous Folk art from http://www.autumngallery.net/links_tribalarts.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); A Cool Tribal Arts Gallery Hand crafted tribal, native and eastern sculpture, masks and other art works inspired by famous balinese, buddhist and hindu legends. Africa Tribes Learn about the customs, languages, and history of African tribes. Tribes. People who belong to a common ethnic group may one of the following tribes: Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Toucouleur of Madagascar, 18 different tribes speak Malagasy and French. Afro-Dit, a place where lovers of African tribal art can share their enthusiasm Any Search Info - Directory Arts Visual Arts Native and Tribal Oceania Search-Info.Com leading the way for better search technology. Enjoy your search experience with fast relevant and comprehensive results! Any Search Info - Directory Arts Visual Arts Native and Tribal Search-Info.Com leading the way for better search technology. Enjoy your search experience with fast relevant and comprehensive results! Art Deals Now on eBay You can find art right here. With over 5 million items for sale every day, you'll find the art deals you're looking for at the world's online marketplace - eBay. ArtNatAm Native American Artists.

56. Art/Auctions: Arts Of Africa, Oceania And The Americas At Sotheby's, May 19, 200 Egbukere masking tradition among the Ekpeye people and has by large circular leather ear flaps with indigenous restoration Lot 200 is a superb kuba mask that is http://www.thecityreview.com/s01stamp.html

Arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas Sotheby's Saturday, May 19, 2001, 10:15AM Sale 7659 By Carter B. Horsley This season Sotheby's has combined its Tribal Art, American Indian Art and Pre-Columbian Art auctions into one catalogue. The 87 lots of Oceanic Art start the auction at 10:15AM, Saturday, May 19, 2001, followed by 159 lots of the arts of Africa. The afternoon session, which starts at 2PM, will begin with 27 lots of American Indian Art, the smallest number in many seasons, followed by 148 lots of Pre-Columbian Art. While the sale recorded some good prices, only 75.66 percent of the 419 offered lots sold fora total of $6,767,745 including the buyer's premiums. Oceanic Art The Oceanic section of this auction has many fine works included a superb canoe prow, a fine canoe splash board, a wonderful dance paddle, an excellent gope board, a nice "pig killer," a fine ancestor plaque, and some good masks. Lot 38, canoe prow, 83 inches long, Geelvink Bay, Irian Jaya The canoe prow, shown, above, Lot 38, comes from the Geelvink Bay in Irian Jaya and measures 83 inches in length and has a conservative estimate of $60,000 to $90,000. It sold for $55, 375 including the buyer's premium as do all results mentioned in this article.

57. Art Of Ancient Africa figure above is from the Dogon people of Mali paint. , The Founder King from the kuba Kingdom, Congo most important to the ancient and indigenous African cultures http://www.accd.edu/sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Africa.htm

South of the Sahara: Early African Art ART HISTORY SURVEY I In many parts of Africa rock and cave paintings dating as far back as 6500 BCE have been found and documented in recent years. The Sahara desert is the location of many rock paintings, preserved in the dry desert heat. Not always a desert, the Sahara was once a green and lush plain, home to many people and a variety of animals. Image of gazelles, carved into the surface in the "Tagina style" of Algeria and Morocco. The Sahara Desert mountain range of Tassili N'Ajjer in North Africa, site of many rock paintings and engravings. At least three ancient cultures developed in sub-Saharan Africa outside of Egypt. The first of these was the Meroe civilization in what is present day Sudan. The Meroe civilization built cities and pyramidal shaped tombs, developed writing prior to the Egyptians, and later interfaced with both ancient Nubia and Kush. All of these Nile river valley kingdoms periodically conquered and were conquered by the Egyptians, and later art reflects both Egyptian and native African influences. The ancient civilization called the "Nok" originated in the area of present day Yoruba in the Niger river valley area and contributed later to the development of the Kingdoms of Benin and Ife. A third culture developed in Zaire in the Congo river area. This clay figure is from Jenne, an ancient city of Mali, on the delta of the Niger River. The city was active around 250 BCE, and the 10" terra cotta figure dates from the 13th century CE.

58. Remnants Of Ritual - The David Gelbard Collection Of African Art And Culture Understanding the indigenous language and its nuances opens a The kuba Nkaan is not a comingto-manhood in initiation among the Dan and related peoples of West http://www.remnantsofritual.com/dialog.html

Understanding Narrative The Praise Song Cultural Borrowing Objects of Power ... In and Out of Context The second part of this introductory essay consists of conversations between the authors. Bourgeois and Rodolitz have team-taught a web-based course on this subject for more than five years utilizing a dialogue medium that lends itself to immediacy and informality. Essays in the usual sense speak TO the reader; dialogue, however, allows the reader to participate, if only in an imaginary sense. Additionally, in the medium of dialogue, the evolution of thought is more apparent than in an edited essay. Often, the journey to a conclusion is as important as the conclusion itself. The reader is encouraged to join in this ongoing exploration. AB: Why don't we begin by considering a group of related objects, not necessarily related by culture but by function?

59. Operation World - Detailed Information 2) 160,000; Lega(2) 700,000; kuba 28,000; Nyanga 8 The Pygmy peoples have long been despised Congolese and largely neglected by indigenous denominations, yet http://www.gmi.org/ow/country/conz/owtext.html

Congo-DRC Democratic Republic of Congo (Formerly Zaire) April 14-15 Africa Quick Find Home About Us Authors Calendar CD Developer CD-ROM Contact Information Errata Web Links Factbook FAQ Feedback GMI Maps OM Literature One Hundred Days Operation World book Other Languages Overhead Transparencies OW Team Paternoster Permissions Policy Pray Today Prayer Resources Publisher Technical Support Technical Specifications Updates Wall Map Web Developer Window on the World Home Pray Today Summary Religion ... Tech Support click to enlarge GEOGRAPHY Area 2,344,858 sq.km. Congo contains most of the Congo River system and much of the vast Central African rainforest. Population Ann.Gr. Density 22 per sq.km 30 per sq.km 45 per sq.km Large areas are sparsely populated. Capital Kinshasa 5,950,000. Other major cities: Lubumbashi 1,050,000; Mbuji-Mayi 1,050,000. Urbanites PEOPLES An estimated 450 ethnic and linguistic groups; numerous sub-groups. Bantu 82.4%. Over 300 ethnic groups speaking over 150 languages in centre and south. Largest: Luba(2) 8mill.; Kongo and Kituba 7.9m; Lingala 1.9m; Tetela 1.1m; Songe 1.0m; Swahili 1.0m; Shi 980,000; Nkundu 910,000; Nandi 900,000; Yombe 780,000; Chokwe 750,000; Ngala 735,000; Lega(2) 700,000; Mongo 675,000; Phende 630,000; Haavu 595,000; Tabwa 590,000; Lala-Bisa 540,000; Banyamulenge (Tutsi living in Congo) 500,000. Sudanic 13%. Possibly 100 peoples speaking more than 50 languages in north. Largest: Ngbaka 1.27m; Mangbetu 910,000; Lugbara 840,000; Lendu 800,000; Azande 730,000.

60. Africa Update Archives artifacts from both precolonial indigenous Egypt and Boundaries (provinces, divisions etc), (c) People and their USA, and Dr. Richard kuba (Frankfurt Universit http://www.ccsu.edu/Afstudy/upd5-1.html

Vol. V, no. 1 (Winter 1997-98): African Studies. HOME ARCHIVES Table of contents Editorial: African Studies by Dr Gloria Emeagwali,Chief Editor Professor Vladimir Shubin, Institute of African Studies, Moscow: African Studies in Russia Tayo Oke, London University: African Studies in the United Kingdom Olayemi Akinwumi, University of Ilorin, Nigeria: African Studies in Central Nigeria Haines Brown, CCSU: Africa and the Net Editorial: African Studies by Prof. Gloria T Emeagwali Chief Editor of Africa Update In a previous issue of Africa Update we examined some of the methodologies associated with the study of Africa. It was argued that the eurocentric agenda dominates discourse, and that strategies of deception coexist with well-meaning interpretations. To some extent this issue expands on the previous discussion, but we also go beyond it to examine some of the institutional structures which prevail in three regions of the world, namely, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and Africa itself. Dr Vladimir Shubin, the Deputy Director of the Institute for African Studies in the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, points out in his contribution that Northeast Africa was the initial focus of Russian Africanists but this interest has expanded to include the entire continent in terms of a wide range of social and economic issues, including gender relations, the economic crisis in the era of IMF/ World Bank Structural Adjustment and the role of Africa in the world civiliization process.

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