1. Indigenous American Mathematics - Mathematics And The Liberal Arts number systems, there are many interesting examples from the indigenous peoples of North and South America and the Tshokwe, Bushoong, and kpelle of africa. This very useful review http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousAmericas.html

Indigenous American Mathematics - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts To refine search, see subtopics Indigenous Mathematics of North America and Indigenous Mathematics of Central and South America . To expand search, see The Americas . Laterally related topics: North America and Central and South America The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia. Before the conquest.

2. Indigenous Mathematics Of North America - Mathematics And The Liberal and the Tshokwe, Bushoong, and kpelle of africa. This very useful review concludes geometric shapes in various North American indigenous peoples. Includes sacred numbers, number http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousNorthAmerica.html

Indigenous Mathematics of North America - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts To refine search, see subtopics The Inuit American Indians , and The Bellacoola . To expand search, see Indigenous American Mathematics and North America . Laterally related topics: Indigenous Mathematics of Central and South America and The United States The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia and Ascher, Robert. Ethnomathematics.

3. African Adventures In Africa Major peoples indigenous african tribes 95% (including kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola United States to resettle former slaves in africa. In 1820 the first http://www.gateway-africa.com/countries/liberia.html

Liberia Flag description: 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone Geographic coordinates: 6 30 N, 9 30 W Climate: tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers Independence: 26 July 1847 Nationality: Liberian(s) Capital City: Monrovia Population: 3,164,156 (July 2000 est.) Head of State: President Charles Ghankay TAYLOR Area: 111,370 sq km Type of Government: republic Currency: 1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents Major peoples: indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves) Religion: indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%

4. Africana Resources For Undergraduates / Schmidt still in print. peoples of africa ( Prospect Heights, Ill Tiriki, Ganda, Hausa, Jie, kpelle, Kung, Mbuti, Somali, Fulani concepts and practices of indigenous religions related to the http://www.indiana.edu/~libsalc/african/schmidt.html

AFRICAN STUDIES COLLECTION Nancy J. Schmidt Africana Resources for Undergraduates: A Bibliographic Essay In, Phyllis M. Martin and Patrick O'Meara (eds.), Africa . Third edition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press , 1995, pp. 413-434. Reproduced with permission. The author would like to point out that this essay, published in 1995 and written a year before, does not reflect some more recent publications and web resources. Special thanks to Lauris Olson and David Toccafondi of the University of Pennsylvania for the web version of this essay. Contents Introduction General Overviews Geography History, Including Archaeology ... Computer Resources Introduction Although courses on Africa have been part of the undergraduate curriculum in American colleges and universities for more than three decades, it is surprising how few materials have been written specifically for undergraduates. The resources included in this essay were written for undergraduates or are relatively accessible to them. The focus is on resources in English published or reissued since 1980, which cover the whole continent or sub-Saharan Africa, rather than individual countries. It is beyond the scope of this essay to provide resources specific to Africa's more than fifty nation-states. However, resources on South Africa have been included, since a chapter on South Africa is included in this volume. [p. 414] This essay is addressed to undergraduate students, librarians who select materials for undergraduate collections, and faculty who teach undergraduate courses. Accurate, up-to-date materials which could form a core collection for undergraduate libraries have been selected for inclusion in the essay. Sections on audiovisual and computer resources have been included, since they are as essential to curricula on Africa in the 1990s as are print resources.

5. Liberia Country Study existence reflected a widespread trend in africa?the proliferation had sent missions to the indigenous peoples in their were found among the kpelle, the Bassa http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/liberia_2_religiousaf

Back to the Table of Contents Religious Affiliation and Ethnicity The Christian denominations most strongly represented in Liberia were the United Methodist church and the Liberian Baptist Missionary and Education Convention (more commonly, the Liberian Baptist Convention). The members of each denomination constituted roughly 17 percent of affiliated Christians in 1970. Next in size were the Roman Catholic church, the Lutheran church, and the Liberian Assemblies of God, each having between 7 and 8 percent of the affiliated Christians. The Episcopal Church of Liberia, the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, and the Church of the Lord (Aladura) each had between 3 and 4 percent of the total. The many other groups ranged in magnitude from single churches having a few hundred members to others that were made up of a number of congregations; all were very active in education and health care and had 2 percent or more of all church members. Among the larger of these were the African Methodist Episcopal church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion church, and the Seventh-Day Adventists. Among the many smaller ones were the Presbytery of Liberia in West Africa, mainly of the Pentecostal, spiritualist, or healing variety. Some of these were still under mission control in the mid-1970s, but many others were indigenous African churches. Of the 114 denominations and independent churches in Liberia in 1970, the eight largest included more than two?thirds of all afl`iliated Christians. More than 100 groups accounted for the rest. Although most of these groups had very few members, their existence reflected a widespread trend in Africa?the proliferation of African independent churches characterized by a strong orientation toward some combination of healing and the possibility of direct experience of the Holy Spirit.

6. AFRICA! For Girl Scouts JUMP to peoples of africa. OAU ( Organization for african Unity People (World Fact Book) indigenous african tribes 95% (including kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola http://coy.ne.client2.attbi.com/AFRICA-GS.html

AFRICA! For Girl Scouts by Sandy Coy Like this site? Visit Sandy's World of Girl Scouting and Scout Village AFRICA! For Girl Scouts Jump to Regions: North East West ... South Jump to Topics JUMP to Peoples of Africa OAU Organization for African Unity) Country Profile Links = WAGGGS Member V V Algeria (North) Angola (South) ... Zimbabwe Topics AFRICAN GUIDES/SCOUT INFORMATION NOTABLE PEOPLE OF AFRICA ACTIVE LEARNING SITES CRAFTS ... FOOD MULTI-COUNTRY RESOURCES FOR AFRICA this is empty Africa Focus: database for sights and sounds of a continent Africa for Visitors Comprehensive travel info about Africa. African Studies - Country-specific pages (Univ. of Penn.) Anthems of the World (by country) Birds of the World (by country) Charities serving Africa ... WWW Links for Africa AFRICAN GUIDES/SCOUT INFORMATION NOTABLE PEOPLE OF AFRICA WAGGGS Africa Region - List of Member Organizations WAGGGS Arab Region - List of Member Organizations World Guiding Guide Zone ideas ( Africa Region Index of Activities More Ideas for African Activities Other resources ... Dr. Christian Barnard (heart surgeon) LANGUAGE 1000 Languages of Africa (kid-friendly site) Burundi and Tanzania (Bantu people of East Africa): Swahili Egypt: Ethiopia Ethiopic language - general resources ... Decode the Message Nubia: Use the ancient Nubian alphabet to decode a message "There is no modern political entity called Nubia. The area known by this term lies today partly in Egypt and partly in the Republic of the Sudan. A large portion of the northern part of ancient Nubia currently lies submerged under the reservoir formed behind Egypt's High Dam at Aswan."-

7. Liberia Country Study English used elsewhere in anglophone africa except that Many of the indigenous peoples of Liberia use the only Gola and Mandingo but also kpelle, Gbandi, and http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/liberia_2_language_co

Back to the Table of Contents Language and Communication Of the varieties of English spoken in Liberia, the most prestigious is standard Liberian English, used in formal political speeches, in the print and broadcast media, and at all levels of the education system. It is like the standard English used elsewhere in anglophone Africa except that its sound system and some of its vocabulary have been influenced by American rather than British patterns. Standard Liberian English is spoken by the elite and subelite of both Americo Liberian and indigenous origin and with varying degrees of competence by others. Although standard Liberian English is frequently and fluently used by well educated AmericoLiberians, it is thought to be the home (or informal) language of only a few of them. The home language of most of the elite of this ethnic group is a tongue that linguist Ian Hancock calls vernacular Liberian English. Local terms for it are not favored by people who speak it, and some Americo Liberians attempt to suppress its use at home because it is often regarded as "bad English." It has been suggested that this vernacular is a descendant of a form of black English developed in the American south in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Brought to Liberia by the settlers, some of whom spoke standard American English, this variety of black English has been affected by standard Liberian English and by the African languages and pidgins spoken by the peoples with whom the settlers and their descendants came into contact.

8. List Of Ethnic Groups - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia of the Pygmy peoples of central africa. See also Twa Dagestani peoples indigenous groups of northern Caucasus Natives of Alaska. kpelle - Group from Guinea, western africa. Kraho http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups

List of ethnic groups From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is a list of names of ethnic groups . A group can have several names (e.g., names in English language and in native language, obsolete names, versions of spelling, etc.) Table of contents: A B C D ... edit A Abenaki Native Americans once widespread in eastern North America Abkhaz - Minority in Georgia Turkey and Russia Abkhazia Acadian French-Canadians of the Canadian Maritimes Accohannock Native Americans of Maryland Achang Yunnan China ... Native Americans of California Acoma Native Americans of the southwest United States and Mexico Adja - Minority in Benin Adyghe - Minority in Russia , in the north Caucasus region. Afar - Minority in Ethiopia Eritrea and Djibouti . Also known as Danakil African-American - Descendants of African slaves brought to North America Afrikaners - Descendents of Dutch settlers / French Huguenot Africa Agni - minority group in Côte d'Ivoire Aguls Dagestani minority group Ahtna - Native Alaskans , along the Copper River Aimaks - Minority group in Afghanistan Aimaq - Minority group in Afghanistan Ainu - Natives of Hokkaido , much of Sakhalin , the Kuriles , and at one time northern Honshu , the Kamchatska Penninsula , and the Amur River basin Aja - Minority group in Benin Ak Chin Native American group now resident in Pinal County, Arizona

9. List Of Ethnic Groups of the Pygmy peoples of central africa. See also Twa Dagestani peoples indigenous groups of northern Caucasus of Alaska. kpelle - Group from Guinea, western africa. Kraho - Natives http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/list_of_ethnic_groups

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Outdoor Living Encyclopedia Main Page See live article List of ethnic groups This is a list of names of ethnic groupss . A group can have several names (e.g., names in English language and in native language, obsolete names, versions of spelling, etc.) Table of contents: A B C D ... Z This is a list of names of ethnic groupss . A group can have several names (e.g., names in English language and in native language, obsolete names, versions of spelling, etc.) Table of contents: A B C D ... Z A Abenaki Native Americans once widespread in eastern North America Abkhaz - Minority in Georgia Turkey and Russia Abkhazia Acadian French-Canadians of the Canadian Maritimes Accohannock - Native Americans of Maryland Achang Yunnan China Achomawai - Native Americans of California Acoma Native Americans of the southwest United States and Mexico Adja - Minority in Benin Adyghe - Minority in Russia , in the north Caucasus region.

10. List Of Ethnic Groups Koskimo; Koyukon Natives of Alaska; kpelle - Group from Zhuang; Zulu - of southern africa; Zuni - of the groups in Laos; Northern indigenous peoples of Russia. http://www.fact-index.com/l/li/list_of_ethnic_groups.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index List of ethnic groups This is a list of names of ethnic groupss . A group can have several names (e.g., names in English language and in native language, obsolete names, versions of spelling, etc.) A B C D ... Z A Abenaki Native Americans once widespread in eastern North America Abkhaz - Minority in Georgia Turkey and Russia Abkhazia Acadian French-Canadians of the Canadian Maritimes Accohannock - Native Americans of Maryland Achang Yunnan China Achomawai - Native Americans of California Acoma - Native Americans of the southwest United States and Mexico Adja Afar Ethiopia ... African-American - Descendants of African slaves brought to North America Afrikaan - Dutch -descended settlers of southern Africa Agni Ahtna - Native Alaskans, along the Copper River Aimaks - Minority group in Afghanistan Aimaq - Minority group in Afghanistan Ainu - Natives of Japan and Sakhalin Aja Ak Chin Akan Akha Alabama-Coushatta Alak Albanian - from the Balkans Aleut - natives of Alaska, and the Yukon Nunavut and Northwest Territories Algonquian Native Americans of the eastern United States and Canada Altay - of Siberian Russia Americo-Liberians - descendants of African slaves repatriated to Liberia Amhara Ethiopia Amish ... North American religious minority, of

11. UNJLC - About Liberia Ethnic groups kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn between the Europeans colonising West africa and the and to allow the indigenous peoples a greater http://www.unjlc.org/content/index.phtml/itemId/17304

isMac = false; isWindows = false; isLinux = false; isIE = false; isIE4 = false; isIE5 = false; isIE55 = false; isIE6 = false; isAtLeastIE4 = false; isAtLeastIE5 = false; isAtLeastIE55 = false; isAtLeastIE6 = false; isAtLeastMacIE5 = false; isAtLeastWindowsIE5 = false; isAtLeastWindowsIE55 = false; isAtLeastWindowsIE6 = false; isMozilla = false; isOpera = false; browserVersion = 0; javaScriptVariablesInitialised = true; Contact UNJLC Login Printer friendly Sitemap Look in All Home Iraq Liberia Sudan Home Iraq Liberia Sudan ... LIBRARY Email alerts My alerts Email me changes to this page. Email me changes in this topic. Bookmarks My bookmarks Add bookmark for this page. Liberia Government About Liberia About Liberia Liberia : Introduction to basic facts, overview and history. Basic Facts Overview Overview History Basic Facts Official name Republic of Liberia Area 43,000 miles , 111,370 km Type of government Republic Head of State President Population 3,317,176 (July 2003) Population growth rate Capital and largest city Monrovia (Population: 1,000,000, 2003) Languages English (Official), Gola, Kpelle, and Kru

12. West Africa A majority of the population is indigenous Africans who make up more The largest are the kpelle and Bassa. of the Yoruba, Ibo, and northern Moslem peoples is a http://maps.unomaha.edu/Peterson/funda/Notes/Notes_Exam4/WAfrica.html

13. MapZones.com People In the southwest the indigenous Kwa peoples also belonging to d Ivoire since the 17th century include the Ane (or Mina), the GaAdangme, the kpelle and the http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/togo/peopleindex.php

Country Info Togo Introduction Togo General Data Togo Maps Togo Culture ... Togo Time and Date Togo People Back to Top The population of Togo comprises about 30 ethnic groups, many of whom are immigrants from other parts of western Africa. The groups indigenous to Togo live in the north and southwest. The northern groups include the following Gur-speaking Voltaic peoples: the Gurma; the Natemba, Dye, Bu-Bankam, Bu-Kombong, and Konkomba; the Tamberma; the Basari; the Moba; the Naudemba (Losso); the Kabre and Logba; and the Namba (Lamba); a small number of West Atlantic-speaking Fulani; and the Kebu (Akebu). In the southwest the indigenous Kwa peoples also belonging to the central Togo group are the Akposo, the Adele, and the Ahlo. The immigrants came from east, west, and north. The Ewe, who emigrated from Nigeria between the 14th and 16th century, form the major ethnic group. There are also some scattered Yoruba, mainly Ana. Groups who emigrated from present-day Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire since the 17th century include the Ane (or Mina), the Ga-Adangme, the Kpelle and the Anyana, the Chakossi, and the Dagomba. The northern groups of the Tem (Kotokoli and Temba), Gurma, and Mossi came from the north, mainly from areas in Burkina Faso. Most of the southern peoples use the Ewe or Mina languages, which are closely related and spoken in commercial sectors throughout Togo. French, the official language, is used in administration and documentation. The public primary schools combine French with Ewe or Kabye as languages of instruction, depending on the region. English is spoken in neighboring Ghana and is taught in Togolese secondary schools. As a result, many Togolese, especially in the south and along the Ghana border, speak some English.

14. Liberia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 These include the kpelle, the Mano, the Bassa between the Europeans colonizing West africa and the investment and to allow the indigenous peoples a greater say http://www.bartleby.com/65/li/Liberia.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Liberia Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Liberia (l b KEY Monrovia is the capital, largest city, main port, and commercial center.

15. MSN Encarta - Liberia Liberia, republic, western africa, bounded on the north by ethnic groups is the kpelle of central between AmericoLiberians and indigenous peoples since the http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565772/Liberia.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Search ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Africa C´te d'Ivoire more... Facts and Figures Useful facts and figures Internet Search Search Encarta about Liberia Search MSN for Web sites about Liberia Also on Encarta Test your knowledge Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Liberia Multimedia 10 items Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources Population Economy ... History I Introduction Print Preview of Section Liberia , republic, western Africa, bounded on the north by Sierra Leone and Guinea , on the east by C´te d’Ivoire , and on the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean . An independent state since its establishment in 1847, Liberia has an area of 99,067 sq km (38,250 sq mi). The capital of Liberia is Monrovia II Land and Resources Print Preview of Section The coast of Liberia extends about 595 km (370 mi) from the River Mano in the west to the River Cavalla in the east. From a narrow, flat coastal plain the country rises in a series of ill-defined plateaux to a higher interior covered with evergreen rainforest in the south and deciduous rainforest in the north. The coastal plain, 15 to 55 km (9 to 34 mi) wide, is virtually the only developed region. The interior mountains reach elevations of about 900 to 1,200 m (3,000 to 4,000 ft). Many comparatively small rivers traverse the country. A Climate The climate of Liberia is equatorial and humid, particularly during the rainy seasons from June to July and October to November. Annual rainfall varies from 1,778 mm (70 in) in the interior to 5,080 mm (200 in) along the coast. The annual mean temperature is about 27.8° C (82° F).

16. Resource Information Center Liberia: Information On The Physical Markings Of Var ethnic community organizations / cultural heritage / indigenous peoples. draw members from the kpelle, Mende, Loma africa researcher Solomon Toweh notes that http://uscis.gov/graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/LBR01001.htm

Liberia Response to Information Request Number: LBR01001.ZNK Date: 5 October 2000 Subject: Liberia: Information on the physical markings of various ethnic groups From: INS Resource Information Center, Washington, D.C. Keywords: Liberia / ethnic minorities / ethnicity / cultural identity / cultural integration / ethnic community organizations / cultural heritage / indigenous peoples Query: Do any of the ethnic groups in Liberia have distinctive or unique physical markings that are only utilized by their particular group? Response: The Kissi group marks its members with three scars on each cheek. They also file or otherwise shape the two middle upper teeth into a triangle. Though this is a traditional cultural practice, it is decreasing due to modernization and Westernization in Liberia. Liberian journalist Kenneth Best knew of no other tribe in Liberia that marked its members in such a fashion (Best, 25 August 2000). The Kissi live in upper Lofa County at the conjunction of Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. They number approximately 441,000, 115,000 of which are in Liberia. The Kissi are predominantly rice cultivators and are one of only two ethnic groups to be directly descended from the original inhabitants of Liberia (Minority Rights Group International 1997, 428). The Poro society, which is a secret men's society which permeates Liberian life, also marks its members. Boys who have completed initiation rites are marked by scarification on the back and often on the chest and stomach as well. These societies draw members from the Kpelle, Mende, Loma, and Mano groups (

17. Cultural Survival indigenous knowledge systems can contribute to recovery and Around 400 years ago, kpelle peoples began moving from a few Asian rice varieties to West africa. http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/csq/csq_article.cfm?id=000002B1-000

18. A Cultural Revolution In Africa: The Role Of Literacy In The Republic Of Guinea Maninka, Susu, Pular, Kissi, Guerzé (kpelle), Tome (Loma inferior because they possessed no indigenous written form linked to that of other peoples with whom http://www.kanjamadi.com/n'koliteracy&guinea.html

A Cultural Revolution in Africa: The Role of Literacy in the Republic of Guinea since Independence Dianne White Oyler, Ph.D. Fayetteville State University. Songs of Souleymane Kanté Ecriture Télé-Enseignement Intervention ... kafa lu serede “Culture is a better means of domination than the gun.” "Ahmed Sékou Touré" At the time of their independence most African nations attempted a process of decolonization in the three spheres of European imperialism, political, economic, and cultural. While this process in the political and economic arenas is apparent, decolonization of the cultural area is much harder to define and to illustrate because European cultural impositions had usurped the areas of language, socialization through education, and technology from simple writing to electronic media. However, in the Republic of Guinea the process can be clearly documented. Its approach to cultural decolonization can be analyzed in light of the more formal “Cultural Revolution” launched by its independence leader Sékou Touré in 1958 as a policy of the First Republic. Touré’s objective was to validate the indigenous cultures that had been denigrated by the Europeans while at the same time creating a Guinean national consciousness. In other words, Touré launched a country-wide campaign to recapture indigenous culture by formally focusing on language and education.

19. Traditional Storytelling In Africa essential part of children’s traditional indigenous education on who raises the song, as the kpelle say, and are called nyama by Mande peoples of Western http://www.timsheppard.co.uk/story/dir/traditions/africa.html

Home FAQ Articles Books ... Wild Times Traditional Storytelling in Africa Storytelling traditions vary all over the world, yet have many things in common. This section is an attempt to gather information on customs of the oral tradition world-wide. Many people today are rediscovering the pleasures of telling stories, after their culture has lost most of its traditional storytelling, yet cannot easily find out much about the countless millennia of oral traditions with all their wisdom and techniques. I hope this site will help you discover and appreciate something of the central role which traditional storytelling has played in most cultures, and in some places still does. Your help will be welcome if you know or come across any facts or resources to add, current or historical. To begin with I'll be adding bits and pieces as I can, mainly from the perspective of musical commentators. Later on we'll have overviews and this page will split into various areas - this is a big subject! One thing to bear in mind is that in many old traditions storytelling is synonymous with song, chant, music, or epic poetry, especially in the bardic traditions. Stories may be chanted or sung, along with musical accompaniment on a certain instrument. Therefore some who would be called folk musicians by foreign music enthusiasts are just as accurately called storytellers - their true roles are more profound, as their names reflect: bards, ashiks, jyrau, griots amongst many more. Their roles in fact are often as much spiritual teachers and exemplars, or healers, for which the stories and music are vehicles, as well as historians and tradition-bearers. For instance

20. NATIVE-L (October 1993): UNDP: First Nations Speak Out arid plains of East africa where I of their natural environments, indigenous peoples have consciously the practices of the Liberian kpelle people, who foster http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9310/0015.html

UNDP: First Nations Speak Out debra@oln.comlink.apc.org Sun, 3 Oct 1993 00:39:00 PDT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: debra@oln.comlink.apc.org: "GABRIELA: Asian Indigenous Peoples" Previous article: regenwald@umwelt.comlink.apc.org: "forest stewardship council" CHOICES: The Human Development Magazine June 1993 The International Year of the World's Indigenous People: "First Nations" Speak Out by James Walls [To launch the International Year, indigenous spokespersons from around the world addressed the General Assembly on issues ranging from human rights to caring for the environment. They may hold secrets for a sustainable future. But is anyone listening?] United Nations, New York - On 9-10 December 1992, the United Nations hosted hundreds of representatives of the world's indigenous peoples. They constituted one of the most diverse cultural assemblages ever seen in a setting famed for its human variety. They journeyed here from all regions of the world to participate in ceremonies inaugurating 1993 as the International Year of the World's Indigenous People.

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