61. Www.4Kids.org | Coolspots Prior to 1788, indigenous people were the only humans by exploring themes such as kongo Crossroads, Market resources for studying African peoples and their http://www.4kids.org/servlet/coolspots.SearchCoolspotsByCategory?categoryId=8&ca

62. AARDOC: African-American Religion In The Atlantic World of African descent also encountered an indigenous population with all the people of the kingdom of kongo. are an increasing number of Native American peoples. http://www.amherst.edu/~aardoc/Atlantic_World_1.html

African-American Religion: A Documentary History Project Atlantic World continental phase of its history. For a more extensive discussion of the idea of that African-American religion is a product of the Atlantic world, see the Editorial Statement 2003 The Trustees of Amherst College and African-American Religion: A Documentary History Project Amherst College #2269, P. O. Box 5000 aardoc@amherst.edu Home About the Project Advice for Beginners Volumes ... Amherst College

63. Republic Of The Congo, Congo (Brazzaville) of rainforests, forests, biodiversity, indigenous cultures and http//www.nekongo.net/ Ngampika Has a map, information on geography, people, government, economy http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/congob.html

Countries : Congo (Brazzaville) Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home The News AllAfrica.com - Congo (Brazzaville) Current news from PANA , the Dakar based news agency created to provide an African perspective on news events. http://allafrica.com/congo-brazzaville/ clari.world.africa.western Subscription through your internet service provider (or university). Agence France Presse , AP, and Reuters wire stories on Africa posted daily. Congo Brazzaville Report - News On Line In English. Click on News On Line for current news, translated articles from Les Dépêches de Brazzaville pub. by the ADIAC. http://www.brazzaville-report.com Les Dépêches de Brazzaville -L'Agence d'Information de l'Afrique Centrale (ADIAC) In French. Produces news and reports United Nations, ReliefWeb Recent news on the Congo . Maintained by the UN Dept. of Humanitarian Affairs. http://www.reliefweb.int

64. African Timelines Part II african states, but scholars argue that indigenous slavery was africa, such as Benin and kongo, slavery was an groups, rather than their own people, to enhance http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline2.htm

Humanities 211 (Historical Contexts, Oral Arts, Film) Prof. Cora Agatucci 6 October 1998: Learning Resources http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/SocSci/1998/ss-981006.html Part II: African Empires AD / CE 1st - 15th centuries With Brief Discussions: Axum Advent of Islam Mali Empire Sundjata Keita, Griots ... Timbuktu African Timelines Table of Contents Contribute to African Timelines, add a link, or make a comment! New Submission Form "Let's face it think of Africa, and the first images that come to mind are of war, poverty, famine and flies. How many of us really know anything at all about the truly great ancient African civilizations, which in their day, were just as splendid and glorious as any on the face of the earth?" Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Wonders of the African World (PBS Online,1999): http://www.pbs.org/wonders/BehindSc/inter.htm#5 ca. 300 (to 700) Rise of Axum or Aksum (Ethiopia) and conversion to Christianity. (By CE 1 st century, Rome had conquered Egypt, Carthage, and other North African areas; which became the granaries of the Roman Empire, and the majority of the population converted to Christianity). Axum spent its religious zeal carving out churches from rocks

65. Winne.com - Report On Congo DRC, Paving The Reconstruction and political organization among those peoples who dwelt four largest tribes Mongo, Luba, kongo (all Bantu 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.winne.com/congo/bf08.html

document.write(messageDate); CONGO ( DRC) paving the reconstruction Geography Figures The Congo River Kinshasa ... Transport People Languages Congo beliefs Unique flavours Music ... Usefull Facts PEOPLE We had the chance and the privilege to share part of our lives with Congolese and we will never forget the values of simplicity and plainness of this people and, over all, their warm, open and bright smiles. HUMAN ORIGINS Equatorial Africa has been inhabited since at least the middle Stone Age. Late Stone Age cultures flourished in the southern savanna after ca. 10,000 B.C. and remained viable until the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples during the first millennium B.C. Evidence suggests that these Stone Age populations lived in small groups, relying for subsistence on hunting and gathering. Some of these groups may have remained long enough in one vicinity to be considered permanent residents, but others moved, following game along the extensive river network and through the rainforest. The development of food-producing communities in Equatorial Africa is associated with the expansion of Bantu speaking peoples. In a long series of migrations beginning ca. 1,000 B.C. and lasting well into the mid-first millennium A.D., Bantu speakers dispersed from a point west of the Ubangi-congo River swamp across the forests and savannas of modern DRC. A northern group moved northeastward around the swamp and across the northern regions of DRC and settled in the forest zone. Meanwhile, other groups moved south and southwest, the former then migrating up the congo as well as into the inner part of the congo basin, while the southwestern Bantu speakers spread into modern Gabon, Congo, and lower DRC.

66. Recent Books By Jouvert Board Members: Volume 2 political, cultural, and ecological war against indigenous peoples. of colonial and indigenous practices. origins of European culture, kongo nationalism, the http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v2i1/jbooks2.htm

Recent Books by Jouvert Board Members Volume 2 Allen, Paula Gunn. Life is a Fatal Disease: Collected Poems 1962-1995 . Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996. More than eighty poems are collected in Life is a Fatal Disease ; the volume both records Paula Gunn Allen's poetic trajectories during the past four decades and consolidates her reputation as a major voice in American Indian Literature. Although much of the work addresses aspects of Indian cultures, the book also includes excursions into other areas of experience in the Americas, including the autobiographical. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies . New York: Routledge, 1998. As a subject, post-colonial studies stands at the intersection of debates about race, colonialism, gender, politics and language. This volume provides an essential guide to understanding these intersections and the issues that characterize post-colonialism: explaining what it is, where it is encountered, and why it is crucial in forging new cultural identities. There are suggestions for further reading at the end of each entry, a comprehensive glossary, and a bibliography of essential writings. Brown, Stewart, ed.

67. Blackreligions Within the last 100 years in africa indigenous religion has The major faith found among the Yoruba people is called mainly Brazil and Cuba) as kongo, Palo Monte http://www.njweedman.com/blackreligions.htm

“BLACK RELIGIONS” WE AFRICANS HAD OUR OWN RELIGIONS BEFORE THE WHITEMAN STOLE "US ” AND FORCED US THRU THE INSTUTION OF SLAVERY TO FOLLOW HIS FAITH AND BELIEF – “CHRISTIANITY”. WE AFRICANS IN AMERICA “DID NOT and DO NOT” HAVE FREEDOM OF RELIGION; THE PRINCIPAL OF “FREEDOM OF RELIGION” THIS COUNTRY WAS FOUNDED ON DO NOT APPLY TO “ US ”. WE ARE “FREE” TO FOLLOW THE WHITEMANS VERSION OF CHRISTIANITY AND PERSECUTED IF NOT! “NJWEEDMAN” AN EXAMPLE OF THIS PERSECUTION In April of 2002 I was ordered by New Jersey "State Officials" not to talk about "MARIJUANA" a sacrament in my faith (RASTAFARI) and was jailed (from August 02 - Jan 03) when I continued to do so! FACT: In 1457, the "Catholic/Christian Council of Cardinals" met in Holland and sanctioned, as a RIGHTEOUS and progressive idea, of the enslavement of AFRICANS for the purpose of conversion to the Christian faith. The Christian church sanctioned the exploitation of AFRICANS in the labor market as chattel. This devilish scheme speedily became the standard policy of the Christian Church for over 400 years. One of the first things a slave owner did was to quickly try to break the new AFRICAN slave of their traditional religion's and customs by forcing them to accept un-natural Christian customs such as the "one-man one woman concept, eating pork, abortions and acceptance of white dominance over them”. For nearly 350 years (1619-1865) White Christian's used certain biblical verse's to program Africans that they were supposed to be owned by white's, these teachings still affect African Americans to this day. The cross became the tool of slavery and to this day it is still used by white society to “civilize” the African male. I had my child taken for me in 1998 because I openly admitted to not following the “WHITEMANS” faith!

68. AllRefer Reference - Zaire - Family Planning | Zaire Information Resource MacGaffey s several books on the kongo people, the most of Health and Healing in africa, edited by The volume includes discussions of indigenous concepts of http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire103.html

You are here allRefer Reference Zaire History ... Zaire Zaire Family Planning Family planning began late and was accepted slowly in Zaire. In 1972 the Mobutu regime officially expressed interest in limiting births to "desirable" ones and thus promoted family planning for reasons of health and as a human right. In 1973 a presidential decree created an official clearinghouse committee for familyplanning information. It was not until 1978, however, that the state established a nongovernment organization dedicated to family planning, namely the Zairian Association for Family Well-Being (Association Zaïroise pour le Bien- Être FamilialAZBEF). It was formed in order to acquire technical and financial aid from the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Evaluation teams sent in 1981 were unable to evaluate the impact of the early programs because of the lack of data and the small numbers of acceptors. Not until the launching of an AID-funded program in 1982the Project for Planned Birth Services (Projet des Services des Naissances DésirablesPSND)did family-planning efforts begin in earnest. Problems in coordinating PSND efforts with AZBEF led to the establishment of three systems working in parallel, PSND, AZBEF, and Rural Health (Santé RuraleSanru), a rural family health care project with a family-planning component. PSND statistics have been the most complete. PSND selected fourteen urban areas with a target population of about 800,000 women and aimed to increase contraceptive use from 1 percent to 12 percent by 1986. Early returns were disappointing, with only 1.6 percent usage reported by a mid-term evaluation mission in 1985. Later trends were more encouraging, including a 1984-87 quadrupling of family-planning acceptors (see

69. Llewellyn Journal - Out Of Africa: How-to Use Stones, Minerals And Metals For A Ne kongo, a cultural hero, carried the first healing magical and divination traditions of indigenous people around the world with a focus on africa. http://www.llewellynjournal.com/article/507

journal home article topics list of articles mission statement ... bookstore Book Search: Out of Africa: How-to Use Stones, Minerals and Metals for a Charmed Life Date: By: Stephanie Rose Bird print send to a friend Ashe African shamans, warriors, hunters, and healers all employ the power of ashe to accomplish the task at hand. There is a venerable history that is not very prominent in general literature about the deft skill with which these specialized members of the community combine sticks, stones, roots, bones, and minerals to capture and direct power. The names of these skilled professionals vary from culture to culture. The goal is to capitalize off the synergy generated from bringing together disparate parts together to create a single more powerful unit. The parts are usually organic, but minerals, stones, and metals are also combined with herbs, roots, and flowers to heal, protect, assure success, and attract prosperity. This article is an excerpt from my new Llewellyn book, Sticks, Stones, Roots and Bones: Hoodoo Rootwork for a New Age. This article focuses on ways to harness the powers of the universe inherent in stone, metal, and minerals called ashe. My approach is historical and folkloric with practical applications. Remedies are treated as folklore and should never replace professional help. Since magic is drawn from within, I can give no guarantee concerning the efficacy of rituals or recipes presented. The missing ingredients are your personal powers, focus, and intent.

70. Link-A He also streamlined kongo politics and established one of the AMREF is africa’s largest indigenous health charity is to empower disadvantaged people in africa http://www.africa-afrika.com/linkA.html

Links to Africa Gateway-A To have a PAN-AFRICA-RELATED-URL added to this unique collection, please forward an e-mail request to the LinkMaster for consideration. LINKMASTER Click on links in Alphabetic order A B C D ... Z Africa related Pages Click and Go [ LINK-A ] Links starting with A King Sunny Ade (Born: 1946) King Sunny Ade, sometimes also called the Minister of Enjoyment, was born in Oshogbo, Nigeria in 1946, the son of a Methodist minister. He began his musical career when, after dropping out of grammer school, he drifted to Lagos and joined a highlife band. Inspired by the music of I.K. Dairo, he joined the Rhythm Dandies, led by Moses Olaiya (later known as Baba Sala, Nigeria's preeminent funny man and a prolific film maker). King Sunny was influenced by the legendary Tunde Nightingale (early Juju pioneer extraordinare) and borrowed stylistic elements from Nightingale's 'So wa mbe' style of juju. In 1966 he formed his own band, the Green Spots. King Sunny Ade and The African Beats tour with the typically large African line-up of 20-30 members. They play a spacey, jamming sort of Juju, characterized by tight vocal harmonies, intricate guitar work, backed by traditional talking drums, percussion instruments, and even adding the unusual pedal steel guitar and accordian. Agricon Africa Agricon Africa involves itself in all facets of agribusiness development and project implementation throughout the Central and Southern regions of Africa. Its mission is to provide practical, sustainable, professional agricultural and agribusiness advice and supervision based on grass roots research of the sub continent of Africa. Our objective is to ensure the shape and prosperity for the African people, who live and work in the rural sector, for generations to come. This stems from our on-the-spot experience of the land, its economic potential and the capacity to determine and manage any inherent risk factors.

71. Tenke Mining Corp. - DRC Information - The Democratic Republic Of Congo - Wed Ju arrived in the 15th century, the indigenous peoples had developed iron among the kongo and Luba people of the between Portugal and the coastal kongo Kingdom in http://www.tenke.com/new/drc_info.asp?ReportID=58936

72. A Free Essay On Angola – A War-torn County Tha Portuguese of dominated century, the of kongo, which alternate The because description The people and extreme africa. has has 4 specific a indigenous for many http://essaycrawler.com/viewpaper/38424.html

Search 101,000 essays @ Direct Essays! EssayCrawler's Featured Papers A free essay on Angola – A War-torn County tha Angola is a country that has been detrimentally affected by colonization and imperialism. It has experienced years of war and conflict as a result of the Portuguese colonizer’s consistent exploitation and disregard for human life. Through examining the religious and ethnic make-up of Angola, the effect of imperialism can be illustrated to some extent. Additionally, a brief look at the history of Angola will further illustrate the injurious effect of imperialism on the livelihood and happiness Wordcount = 1582 More essays, termpapers, and reports about Angola – A War-torn County tha here. This is only the first few lines of this paper. If you would like to view the entire paper you need to register here This is the rest of the paper, but it is scrambled. To view the rest click here Try these eBay auction snipers for bidding and winning, FREE: Sniping ebay auction sniping Free Essays Term Paper Sites ... SearchFreeEssays

73. ThinkQuest : Library : The Global Relations Of The Many Nations July 1997 est.) Ethnic groups kongo 48%, Sangha 20 mainland Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%. is the mother tongue of Bantu people living in http://library.thinkquest.org/18401/text/africa.html

Index The Global Relations of the Many Nations Throughout the world there are conflicts and issues that have wide-ranging effects. This site can help students understand some of these current events. For example, the religious situations in Afghanistan, Northern Ireland, or on the West Bankthis site covers them all and more. You even have the opportunity to voice your own opinions. Discover ways to get involved by visiting other links and learning more about global issues. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students James Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Christopher Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Jeff Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Coaches Diane Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

74. Gods And Former Kingdoms Of Africa indigenous beliefs emphasize continuity between people and nature kingdoms in Democratic Republic of Congo, the most known is the kongo kingdom (15th http://www.linknet.com.au/adcnet/messages/40.html

Gods and former kingdoms of Africa Follow Ups Post Followup ADC Network Notice Board FAQ Posted by jack kybird (80.225.87.107) on March 16, 2002 at 09:43:49: What is Palo Mayombe? Palo Mayombe is an African Diasporic religion originated with the Bantu people from the Congo region of Africa it's Priests are, called Paleros or are feared by many because of their practices of brujeria, or witchcraft. Practice and worship in Palo is centered around the prendas , which are consecrated pots that contain sticks, bones, dirts and herbs that are sacred to a particular Nkisi, the Gods and Goddessess of Palo. . Prendas are very powerful in the hands of a trained Palero, and can be utilized to perform nearly any function. The Spirits of the Dead, called the Fumbi, are also of paramount importance to the Palero. Paleros work with Spirit Guides to obtain information and wisdom, as well as with lower spirits that serve a variety of functions at the Tata (Father) or Yaya's (Mother) behest. These lower spirits are sometimes referred to as perros, or dogs. The Gods and Goddesses of Palo In Palo Mayombe, the gods and goddesses that the Palero worships and calls upon for help are called the Nkisi. Each Nkisi rules over a different aspect of life and nature. The Nkisi are housed in special pots that are called prendas. The prenda also houses the Fumbi, are Spirits of the Dead who aid and serve the Nkisi as well as the Palero. Without the Nkisi and the Fumbi, the Palero is powerless.

75. Angola borders between colonial holdings across africa, with the Missionary Society also discovered that indigenous people could be in the native Kikongo tongue. http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~pexile/angola.htm

Angola: Civil Conflict and the Legacy of Portuguese Educational Policy The war that rages in Angola, is the longest running civil conflict on the African continent having spanned some three and a half decades. All too often African civil wars are dismissed as age-old ethnic conflicts played out in the modern era of mechanized warfare. Though it is a verifiable truth that the front in Angola’s civil war, like many others on the African continent, is drawn along ethnic lines, this analysis grossly oversimplifies the situation, and reflects the tired old European portrait of a savage Africa. It also rests upon the assumption that African peoples retain their traditional ways of life, all but untouched by five centuries of contact with and domination by European colonial powers. Indeed, the legacy of imperialism can be seen in the jigsaw puzzle borders that carve up the continent, the patterns of development and infrastructure, the models of post-colonial government, and even the national languages of countries across Africa. This war which has left the country economically dependant, and unable to support themselves in their traditional ways, was spawned from the struggle for independence.

76. 1Up Travel > Democratic Republic Of The Congo People - Facts About People Of Dem HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 1.1 million the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, kongo (all Bantu 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/peopl

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Africa Democratic Republic of Congo ADVERTISEMENT Country Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Democratic Republic of Congo Guide Democratic Republic of Congo Maps Democratic Republic of Congo Flag More Democratic Republic of Congo Flags ... Democratic Republic of Congo Travel Warning Democratic Republic of Congo People Congo, Democratic Republic of the People Top of Page Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48.24% (male 12,988,488; female 12,878,232)

77. Democratic Republic Of The Congo / DRC (Kinshasa) An annotated guide to internet resources on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. www.aequatoria.be/archives_project/ africa Focus. Articles on Congo Beatriz, "a 17thcentury kongo woman of http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html

Countries Democratic Republic of the Congo Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: DRC News ABC Nightline - Heart of Darkness Site for the five-part TV series hosted by Ted Koppel. Program transcripts, a journal by the producer of life in the Eastern Congo, people profiles, relief efforts, the link between coltan, cell phones and the DRC. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/nightline/ Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-mer (Bruxelles, Belgium) In French, English, Dutch. "The Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences was founded in 1928 with the aim of promoting scientific knowledge in overseas regions" [esp. Congo-Kinshasa]. "The Academy is divided into three Sections: the Section of Moral and Political Sciences, the Section of Natural and Medical Sciences and the Section of Technical Sciences." Publishes Biographie belge d'Outre-Mer (first pub. in 1941, formerly la Biographie Coloniale Belge . Publishes three series of . http://users.skynet.be/kaowarsom/ Aequatoria Archives Research Project Based at the Research Center of the International Pragmatics Association, University of Antwerp, and works with the

78. Cabinda of Cabinda, which stands at around 300,000 indigenous people, is comparable the Kingdom of the Bakongo, a Bantu People whose King, the Mani-kongo, had his http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cabinda.htm

Home Military World World at War Cabinda Insurgent Organizations Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) Delights from the Garden Of Eden A Cookbook and a History of the Iraqi Cuisine Successive attempts over a quarter of a century to end a "secessionist" conflict in Angola's Cabinda enclave are yet to bear fruit. Political tensions are high in some areas of Cabinda as separatist groups demand a greater share of oil revenue for the province's population. The separatist groups often kidnap foreign nationals in an attempt to draw attention to their independence claims. The ongoing low-level insurgency group, Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), active in Cabinda province has a history of threatening foreign nationals with kidnapping. Often dubbed "Angola's forgotten war", the decades-long conflict in the oil-rich province of 250,000 people took a new turn with a government offensive in October 2002 in the Buco-Zau military region, in northern Cabinda. The armed secessionist movements, with a combined estimated force of no more than 2,000 troops, are no match for the battle-hardened Angolan Armed Forces (FAA - a Portuguese acronym), who in 2002 had finally forced Angola's UNITA rebel movement to sue for peace after three decades of war in the country. The Angolan economy is highly dependent on its oil sector, which accounts for about half of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and over 90% of export revenues. Cabinda faces a situation similar to the Niger Delta states in Nigeria. Cabinda produces more than half of Angola's oil and accounts for nearly all of its foreign exchange earnings. The province receives about 10% of the taxes paid by ChevronTexaco and its partners operating offshore Cabinda.

79. H-Net Review: Richard A. Corby On Kenny Mann, Kongo, Ndongo: West Central Africa and a 1731 French map of kongo itself (p and informative sidebars that quote from indigenous oral traditions the spread of Christianity among the people in the http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=14150972074921

80. The Colonial State on both kongo and nonkongo communities for and to gain military superiority over the indigenous population of Once they conquered a people, the Chokwe rapidly http://www.congo2000.net/english/history/kingdom.html

The Former Kingdoms The western bantou are at the origin of more Ancient kingdoms in Democratic Republic of Congo, the most known is the Kongo kingdom (15th century) and the other one is probably the Kuba kingdom (17th century). The oriental bantou began with the kingdoms Luba (16th century) and Lunda (17th century). The Kongo, Lunda, Luba, and Kuba state systems shared certain common features, I.The Kongo kingdom The Kongo Kingdom was the first state on the west coast of Central Africa to come into contact with Europeans. Portuguese sailors under Diogo Cao landed at the mouth of the Congo River in 1482 . Cao traveled from Portugal to Kongo and back several times during the 1480s, bringing missionaries to the Kongo court and taking Kongo nobles to Portugal in 1485. In the 1490s, the king of Kongo asked Portugal for missionaries and technical assistance in exchange for ivory and other desirable items, such as slaves and copperwares a relationship, ultimately detrimental to the Kongo, which continued for centuries. Competition over the slave trade had repercussions far beyond the boundaries of Kongo society. Slave-trading activities created powerful vested interests among both Africans and foreigners; the Portuguese and later the Dutch, French, British, and Arabs.

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