21. The PanAfrican Journal were sought in africa with indigenous peoples forced to possessed; 2) To seek Christian peoples with whom relations were established with the kongo kingdom of http://www.fiu.edu/~bgso/articles/1100/01nov2000.htm

Home About Us Articles Links ... Contact Us Portuguese Expansion and the Colonization of Angola to1700 The history of relations between Africa and Europe encompasses four distinct periods. The first being what can be described as the "Age of Reconnaissance", in which Europeans became better acquainted with lands beyond Europe and sought ways to exploit these territories for the benefit of European potentates. During this period, Europeans sought in Africa commodities (gold, salt, silver, wheat, and cloth to name a few) for home consumption and to achieve a better balance of trade with other European nations. That period gave way to the era of mercantilism whereas European powers began to claim lands across the Atlantic, and realized that agricultural production could yield positive results by producing staple commodities for European consumption and also by providing military outposts composed of citizens seeking to better their plight abroad. These events changed the objectives of Europeans in regards to their dealings with Africa. While the foundations for the slave trade had been laid in the previous era, this period saw the trade in men take first priority. Beginning in the latter years of the fifteenth century, the slave trade grew dramatically as European colonial possessions in the Americas expanded reaching its apex in the second half of the eighteenth century.

22. H-Net Review: Randal Maurice Jelks On Lamin Sanneh, Abolitionist Abroad: America in africa, such as in the Kingdom of kongo. Was there no indigenous antislavery ideology that developed the less militaristic and imperialistic peoples of West http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=30602988054434

23. Africa South Of The Sahara - Culture And Society Bwa, Dogon, Fang, Hemba, Ibibio, kongo, Kota, Kuba twostory architecture, Islam and indigenous African cultures The web site for her course peoples and Cultures http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/culture.html

Topics Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Individual Countries Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography), cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact: redazione@africaemediterraneo.it [KF] http://www.africaemediterraneo.it Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds Extensive site for the traveling art exhibit from the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

24. Welcome To The Brooklyn Museum Of Art their role as living legacies for the indigenous peoples of the works from Central africa, particularly those from the kongo, Luba, and Kuba peoples of the http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/visit/special_exhibitions

Choose an exhibition to learn more; Open House: Working in Brooklyn Patrick Kelly: A Retrospective Alexis Rockman: Manifest Destiny Living Legacies: The Arts of the Americas ... The Arts of Africa Open House: Working in Brooklyn Through August 15 (Morris A. and Meyer Schapiro Wing, 4th and 5th floors, and various other galleries) Since the 1970s, Brooklyn has experienced an artistic renaissance as emerging and mid-career artists have increasingly moved to the borough. Attracted by the availability of large, affordable spaces, this thriving community now includes hundreds of artists and more than fifty flourishing art galleries in such areas as Williamsburg, Greenpoint, D.U.M.B.O, and Fort Greene. Open House: Working in Brooklyn is the first comprehensive survey of Brooklyn's thriving and varied art scene. The exhibition includes some of the best work being done in painting, sculpture, installation, drawing, photography, film, and video by some of Brooklyn's most extraordinary talents. Among them is the nonagenarian sculptor Louise Bourgeois, who works in a Dean Street studio; the Swiss-born photographer Christoph Draeger, recently arrived in the borough; and the emerging painter Nancy Drew. In addition, public programs accompanying the exhibition will feature dance, music, and poetry created in Brooklyn. This landmark exhibition is being presented in conjunction with the opening of the Museum's new front entrance and public plaza. Like the new entrance, the exhibition is intended to be inclusive, welcoming, and visually stimulating.

25. African Studies - Art And Archaeology of illustrated short essays on indigenous sculptural arts Art kongoLe pays kongo (Nekongo Networking Assistance research among the Sherbro peoples of Sierra http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/AfArt.html

African Studies Internet Resources African Studies Email: africa @libraries.cul.columbia.edu African Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Art and Archaeology of Africa A-Afri Afro Art B ... Adire African Textiles (Dr. Duncan Clarke, London, UK) A commercial site that contains useful information on the history and manufacturing techniques of adire cloth and other textiles of western Nigeria; plus links. Africa Forum (H-Africa, H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.) "Photography and colonial vision," by Paul S. Landau (May 19, 1999, Dept. of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut) Excerpt from "The visual image in Africa: an introduction" in Images and empires: visuality in colonial and post-colonial Africa, ed. by Paul S. Landau and Deborah Kaspin. The full text article reprinted from History in Africa. 22 (1995): 369-408. H-Africa Africa Forum Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page Africa Reparations Movement (UK) Campaign for Return of the Benin Bronzes (via ARC Net Ltd., UK) Note : this site has not been updated since 2002.

26. INTRODUCTION TO THE ART & ARCHAEOLOGY OF AFRICA is provided by the mosaic of indigenous wild prototype and personal arts of pastoral peoples, though all Central africa, they encountered the kingdom of kongo. http://www.glaadh.ac.uk/documents/j_picton_course_ba.htm

Professor John Picton School of African and Asian Studies, London BA Course Outline Academic Session 2000-2001 This set of course outlines has been kindly given to us by Professor John Picton, School of African and Asian Studies, London. The dates have been left in to emphasise that this is intended as a snapshot of the curriculum. AFRICA (p. AFRICAN ART I. CONTEXT, REPRESENTATION, S I p ... RAPHY AND THE VISUAL ARTS (p. 45 – 73) th century "discovery". Both propositions have long since been proved untenable. Peter Garlake, 1978, The Kingdoms of Africa, a succinct account of much of the material discussed in this course, unfortunately out of print, but probably worth buying if you can find it; Thurstan Shaw, P Sinclair, B Andah, A Okpoko [eds],1993, The Archaeology of Africa, Martin Hall, 1986, Archaeology Africa,; a textbook of archaeology as a discipline with its theories and methods as practised in Africa. Its organisation does not fit easily with the current layout of this course, but it can be read alongside much of what happens here, as in the Theory and Method course; Frank Willett, 1971:

27. BIM kongo = ehemaliges Zaire Cuba), Indigene Völker (indigenous peoples), Libyen (Libya Südafrika (South africa), Männer (Men http://www.humanrights.at/bimlibrary/liste.asp?ID=311&feld=stw&tab=bim_stw

28. SAfm first known grammar of a Bantu language, kongo, was produced and changes taking place in our indigenous languages. to the southern journey of peoples in africa http://www.safm.co.za/columns/?columnarticleid=882

29. Africa Indigenous People Resources Bangwa africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_resourc.htm

Bangwa Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA -Bangwa "The Bangwa occupy a mountainous and part forested countryside west of the Bamileke in south-eastern Cameroon, near the headwaters of the Cross River. They comprise nine chiefdoms. People live in separate family compounds, sometimes with large meeting houses where visitors may be received." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bangwa/welcome.html Bangwa People "Authority among the Bangwa was traditionally instituted as part of the Bamileke political complex. Like most of the western Grasslands people, Babanki political authority is vested in a village chief, who is supported by a council of elders, and is called Fon." You will find material related to Bangwa history, culture, arts, political structure and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bangwa.html

30. Religions Of The World -- African Buganda s indigenous Religion A southern Ungandan Tradition, ozric.eng of Zimbabwe The Shona Ndebele peoples, www.stg 7. Pan America kongo / Palo Mayombe. http://members.aol.com/porchfour/religion/african.htm

Interfaith Religion and Beliefs for an Internet Generation PORCH NUS The E-Zine of The Front Porch Religions of the World African Religions and Their Derivatives African and African-Derivative Religions are a large group of beliefs and practices based upon ancient indigenous faiths of sub-Saharan African peoples. Within the last 100 years in Africa (see Table of Statistics ) indigenous religion has declined under the influence of colonialism, Western acculturation and proselytizing by Islam and Christianity. In the African Diaspora (mainly in the Americas) African-derived belief systems are in a state of impressive growth. ithin just the last two years the amount of information made available through the Internet is also impressive. Some of the best information comes to us from Italy, Sweden and Brazil. We are no longer dependent upon reports from academia or encyclopedias. There are now numerous websites maintained by the faithful themselves and, while the quality and quantity of information varies enormously among them, one may now hear from practitioners their own statements of faith. In many, if not most, cases African spirituality has evolved in the Americas. Ancient practices brought westward by slaves became syncretized, more or less, with religious traditions of the slaves' masters. This syncretization is most noticeable in areas dominated by the Catholic faith and where the celebration of saints, votive offerings and other practices found parallels in ancient traditions.

31. LII - Results For "africa Culture" About Subscribe Help Suggest a Site Comments More Search Tools. Advanced Search. African Ceremonies Photographs of Sacred Rituals in Tribal Cultures " Copyright © 2004, Librarians' Index to the Internet, lii.org. wwwvl/indigvl.html. Subjects indigenous peoples indigenous peoples Study and teaching http://lii.org/search?m=p&query=africa culture&Search=SEARCH LII.ORG&

32. Search Results For Indigenous People - Encyclopædia Britannica The people from Togo The population of Togo comprises The groups indigenous to Togo live in the north Congo s inhabitants belong to the kongo peoples, whose http://www.britannica.com/search?query=indigenous people&ct=&fuzzy=N

33. Sticks, Stones, Roots And Bones Hoodoo- An American Magical Tradition kongo, Suku, and Yaka people of Central africa create some their african predecessors are most likely, kongo power figures indigenous people are vary adaptable http://altreligion.about.com/library/weekly/aa091603b.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Alternative Religions Home Essentials ... Priory of Sion zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Religions A-Z Image Gallery Library Hermetic Tradition ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Alternative Religions newsletter. Search Alternative Religions Hoodoo- An American magical tradition Email to a friend Printer friendly version Related Resources Hoodoo Afro-Caribbean syncretic religion African religions Glossary Elsewhere on the net Articles by Stephanie Rose Bird Afro-Caribbean Religions: Continuity and Change About Subscribe to the Free Newsletter Your Email Address: Ashe, Mojo, everyday Hoodoo You describe Ashe as the power of nature. Can you elaborate? Ashe is a Yoruban term; Yoruba are a group of people who originated in and around Nigeria. Ashe is the invisible power of nature represented in all natural products and organic objects.

34. SIRIS Image Gallary Kisi, Koba Kuba Koba Kuba, kongo width= kongo. Sotho Basuto, South africa South africa, Swahili Swahili. of the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide; and http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/naaLot97africaculture.htm

Photograph Collection ca. 1860-1960 Africa Culture Groups: African Afrikander Boer Afrikanders Ambo Ovambo Angola Angolan Antandroy Antanosy Anyi-Baule Ashanti Asante Bakota Bambara Bamileke Bangi Bantu Bantu, Interlacustrine Bara Ibara Bateke Baule Boers Boki Nki Bolki Bushmen Cameroon Chagga Wadschagga Chokwe Comoros Congo Democratic Republic Dan Dogon Habe Edo Bini Equatorial Guinea Fang Fan Fang Mpangwe Fang Pahuin Fon Dahomean Gabon Ganda Baganda Gcaleka Ge Gio Gola Hausa (African People) Haya (African People)" Herero Hottentot HottentotGrigriqua HottentotKorana Hura Ibo Igbo Ivory Coast Kalanga Makalaka Kamba (African People) Kissi Kisi Koba Kuba Kongo Konkomba Kota Kru Kru (African People) Kuba Bakuba Kuba Bushongo Kwangare Li Bali Liberia Lika Walika Lori, Barotse Luhya Bantu Kavirondo Lumbo Balumbo" Malagasy Rebulic Malinke Mandingo Mangbetu (African People) Masaka Mbundu Mbweni Namba Ndebele Manala Ndebele Matabele Ngere Ngwaketse Bangwaketse Nigeria Nusani Sarwa Masarwa Owerri Ibo Pelle Pessi Pende Bapende Pondo Mpondo Pygmies Rega Rhodesia Rolong Baralong Ruanda Senufo Shaangan Shangama Shona Mashona Siena Sierra Leone Soho Soko Soko Basoko Sotho Basuto South Africa Swahili Swazi Swazi Amaswazi Syrian Teke Thonga Shangana Tonga Togo Transvaal Ndebele Transval Ndebele Tswana Tswana Bechuana Tuareg Vai Vili Loango Viye Bihe West (African People)s Xosa Kaffir Yaka Bayaka Yombe, Bayombe

35. SIRIS Image Gallary kongo kongo, Lesotho Lesotho, Liberia Liberia, Madagascar Uganda, West africa West africa, Zaire Zaire, of the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide; and http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/naaLot97AfricaLocation.htm

Photograph Collection ca. 1860-1960 You may browse the photographic images in the following Africa Geographic Locations: Angola Basutoland Botswana/Bechuanaland Congo Comoros East Africa Ghana Kenya Kongo Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malagasy Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Ruanda Rwanda South Africa Southwest Africa South/Southern Rhodesia Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Uganda West Africa Zaire Zanzibar Zimbabwe This image gallery represents only a small subset of Archival holdings at the National Anthropological Archives(NAA). The NAA holdings including manuscripts, fieldnotes, correspondence, photographs, maps, sound recordings, film and video created by Smithsonian anthropologists and other preeminent scholars; records of anthropological organizations; 400,000 photographs, including some of the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide; and 20,000 works of native art, mainly North American, Asian, and Oceanic. We encourage researchers to access the entire Archives and Manuscripts Catalog in SIRIS at www.siris.si.edu in order to search through the full extent of subject keywords and names represented in the NAA. Gallery Home Page Previous Page Full Archives Catalog

36. Year 8 Rainforests Rainforest Information plants, animals and indigenous people http//www.rainforestweb.org The dominant peoples are the kongo, including the Yombe, Vili http://library.nudgee.com/biomes.htm

37. 15 Pre-scramble Period start in the Kingdom of the kongo (in modern and with their techniques of coercing the indigenous people. Trade in africa traders were the most numerous and http://husky1.stmarys.ca/~wmills/course316/15Pre-scramble.html

Wallace G. Mills Hist. 316 15 Pre-scramble Period Pre-scramble Period (to 1800) - as we have noted earlier, European contacts with sub-Saharan Africa began with Portuguese exploration southward in the 2nd half of the 15th C. Vasco de Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488; further exploration up east coast of Africa before the end of the 15th C. - during 16-18th C most of the typical European intruders had appeared: traders, missionaries, explorers and settlers (a number were involved in more than 1 activity). - white settlers had only come beginning in 1652 at the Cape; this immigration was small, just a few thousand over 150 years. Most of the growth (still only perhaps 50,000 or so by the end of the 18th C) was by natural increase. - penetration was limited, only about 500-600 miles east (mostly along the coast) from Cape Town by 1800. We shall discuss this more extensively in lecture 18 White Settlers in South Africa. - explorers were almost continuous; this was the early phase of European interest and expansion. - the interest was both commercial/economic and intellectual. The curiosity about the world was also resulting in the development of science (i.e., systematic observation and experimentation); Intellectual curiosity and economic interests were often interlinked; e.g., the foundations of biology were often linked with attempts to improve agriculture and farming.

38. Congo (Zaire) Major peoples and gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous village communities to Established in the late 1300s, the kongo Kingdom expanded http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Congo_(Zaire).html

revised 15 October 1998 Congo (Zaire) Information Map of Congo (Zaire) with the peoples discussed in "Art and Life in Africa" CD-ROM General Information for Congo (Zaire) Country: Congo (Zaire) Location: Central Africa Independence: June 30, 1960 Nationality: Congolese Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Important Cities: Kisingani, Lubumbashi, Kolwesi Head of State: Lawrence Kabila Area: 2,345,410 sq.km. Type of Government: Dictatorship, presumably undergoing transition to Representative Government Currency: 4.5 CF=1 USD Major peoples: Azande, Chokwe ,Songo, Kongo ,Kuba,Lunda,Bembe Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, African 10% Climate: Equatorial Literacy: Official Language: French Principal Languages: Lingala, Azande, Chokwe, Kongo, Luba Major Exports: Copper, Cobalt, Diamonds, Crude Oil, Coffee Pre-Colonial History The precolonial past of Congo (Zaire) was complex. A diversity of social aggregates developed, ranging from small, autonomous groups of hunters and gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous village communities to predominantly Muslim and Arab trading communities. Established in the late 1300s, the Kongo Kingdom expanded until the mid-17th century. The

39. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By People: Ethnic Groups US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe Congo, Republic of the, kongo 48%, Sangha 20 http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #60 Russia won the first World Air Games , held in Turkey in 1997. Events included hang-gliding, sky-surfing, and ballooning. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed

40. Civil Rights Journal: The Destruction Of The Kingdom Of Kongo after all, been discovered by countless indigenous peoples alreadythey he ruled as king of the kongo from 1506 who straggled to save his people from bondage. http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HSP/is_1_6/ai_106647781/pg_2

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN all publications this publication Reference Automotive Business Computing Entertainment Health News Reference Sports YOU ARE HERE Articles Civil Rights Journal Wntr, 2002 Content provided in partnership with Print friendly Tell a friend Find subscription deals The destruction of the Kingdom of Kongo Civil Rights Journal Wntr, 2002 by David Lopes Continued from page 1. In 1491, King Joao of Portugal sent to "his royal brother" the king of the Kongo a richly provisioned expedition that included priests, carpenters, stone masons, and women, who were to instruct the Kongo in housekeeping. (An expedition the following year, to the nearby island of Sao Tome, included two German printers, with printing press.) Received with a jubilation that even they must have found astonishing, this first batch of colonizers went to work. Within months, the masons had built a stone church and the priests had baptized the king and most of the nobility. For their part, the Kongo thought that the Europeans were water spirits, gods of fertility. Painted in white and naked to the waist, they had greeted the European colonizers in a ceremony that was, according to the historian Ann Hilton, "clearly an nkimba [fertility] cult assembly." Soon after the Europeans arrived, the brother of a traditional high priest discovered a black stone in the shape of a cross, proving to the Kongo that the newly introduced religion belonged, as they had suspected, to the dimension of water and earth spirits. (After all, the whites resembled albinos, who were thought to have special powers in this regard.) The Kongo king then insisted on being baptized before going off to war, because he wanted the protection that the European ritual might give him.

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