61. Colonial.html divisiveness disrupting solidarity between indigenous East African by the British the kikuyu were given a unified movement of resistance from African peoples. http://www.lclark.edu/~soan/colonial.html

CHAPTER 4: The Insitutionalization of Oppression and Dependency: The Colonial Period Philosophical Foundations of Colonialism in East Africa To fully understand colonial power dynamics, ideological frameworks, and interactions with the people and the environment of the East African geography, it is necessary to deconstruct some of the Western European, philosophical foundations that gave rise to the colonial mentality and agendas that the British (primarily; German colonial occupation of Tanzania was short-lived, as were the majority of German colonial efforts in Africa) imposed upon the East Africa Region. The most important philosophical foundations shaping British involvement in East Africa are contained within the male-dominant, Judeo-Christian traditions and the emerging capitalist ethical and socioeconomic frameworks embraced centrally as ideological and social models at the turn of the century in Western Europe and by the British in particular. British Agendas in East Africa Although most authors agree that the colonial period of East African history from the 1880s to the 1960s was economically and ecologically disastrous for Kenya and Tanzania, due to colonial mismanagement and misunderstanding of human and ecological systems within the East African Region, many fail to make the important connections between colonial management decisions, the ideological frameworks and beliefs systems of the British, and the socioeconomic and ethical principles of capitalist dynamics that continue to be directly involved in environmental and human disasters in Kenya and Tanzania today. Many authors contend that the colonization of East Africa included some "positive" results, such as increased technological innovations, decreased mortality rates, and economic expansion.

62. Kilbourne, Illinois - Encyclopedia Article About Kilbourne, Illinois. Free Acces used to apply to nonblack africans, such as Arabs from northern africa. American Indians, Amerindians, or Red Indians) are indigenous peoples and descendants http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Kilbourne, Illinois

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Kilbourne, Illinois Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Kilbourne is a village located in Mason County, Illinois Mason County is a county located in the U.S. State of Illinois. As of 2000, the population is 16,038. Its county seat is Havana, Illinois Geography Click the link for more information. . As of the This page is about the year 2000 AD. For information about the UK comic of that name, see 2000 A.D. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s - Years: 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 - News by month: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Click the link for more information. census, the village had a total population of 375. Geography The following is a list of sources used in the creation of Encyclopedia articles on various geographic topics and locations, such as cities, counties, states, and countries. These sources are cited within the thousands of articles which link to this page. The United States Census Bureau's 2000 gazetteer. This was the primary source for the latitude and longitude values for about 23,500 U.S. cities. The data are indexed by state, county, and place FIPS codes.

63. Harmful Health Practices: Program Examples World Bank Incorporating indigenous knowledge (IK), customs, and A young kikuyu woman in Kenya is redesigning were able to alleviate peoples concerns about http://www.rho.org/html/hthps_progexamples.htm

@import "../html/rho-styles.css"; This page displays best on browsers supporting current Web standards, but all content is viewable through any Web device. Program Examples The programs below illustrate some of the strategies that have been developed to overcome logistic, cost, provider, client, and other obstacles to eliminate harmful health practices in developing countries. They also provide lessons learned from experience. Submit your own Program Example Burkina Faso: Using an integrated human rights model to improve community health and development. Côte d'Ivoire: Expanding legislation to include punishment provisions for FGM, forced and underage marriage, and sexual harassment. Egypt (CEDPA Project): The Positive Deviance Approach searches for solutions to FGM within the community. Egypt (CEOSS Project): Using a multi-faceted, community-based approach to ending FGM. The Gambia: Designing a new rite of passage that excludes FGM. Guinea (CPTAFE): National-level programming for FGM eradication.

64. Uganda The Country And The People - Bantu Tradition - Text In English thus be called aboriginal or indigenous people (a somewhat with previous Bantu immigrants, Cushitic peoples (from whom of the presentday kikuyu, Meru, Embu http://www.music.ch/face/inform/poeple_uganda.html

Face Music - History of Uganda Uganda the country and the people - Bantu tradition Catalog next new album Mail Order Distribution ... e-mail - address - Face Music / Albi - last update 06-2004 Africa the country of the people History of Uganda Uganda the country and the people - Bantu Traditional Instruments of the Uganda people ... Traditional Dance of the Uganda people The country The economy is overwhelmingly agricultural, with cassava, sweet potatoes, plantains, millet, and sorghum as the chief subsistence crops, and coffee (which provides over 90% of export revenues), cotton, tea, and tobacco are the principal cash crops. Stockraising, fishing, and hardwood production are also significant. Its natural resources include cobalt, copper, salt, and limestone. Of Uganda's 21 million people, an estimated 66 percent are Christian, 18 percent practice traditional beliefs, and 16 percent are Muslim. The Anglican and Catholic churches as well as the United Methodist Church are among the many Christian churches found in Uganda. Uganda, most of whom worship in Jinja and Busia near the border with Kenya. English is Uganda's official language. - see map sketch of Uganda Archeology tells that prehistoric man walked the earth in what is now Uganda and many sites have been excavated that show habitation over the centuries. One of the more recent excavations is in Kiboro, near Lake Albert, where there are traces of village life going back thousands of years. Around A.D. 1100. Bantu-speaking people migrated into the area that is now Uganda, and by the 14th century they were organized into several independent kingdoms. The most powerful of these were Bunyoro (16th-17th cent.) and later Buganda (18th-19th cent.). In 1962 Uganda gained independence under a federal constitution that gave Buganda a large measure of autonomy.

65. OneWorld Radio Africa - and Inooro tat transmits in kikuyu have gone off society knowledge culture Social Exclusion indigenous rights civil ways to reach the people you want http://radioafrica.oneworld.net/article/archive/5298/

66. Archives: Story indigenous cuisine from Kenya and Ethiopia will be served at The kikuyu men predominantly wear modern attire of slacks of more than 17 million people in africa http://www.davisenterprise.com/articles/2004/05/08/features/250fea0.txt

Tooting the Horn By Sarah Slakey/Enterprise staff writer The region traditionally known as the Horn of Africa includes Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. The Greater Horn of Africa is a southern extension of the region and includes the countries of Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania. "When people think about Africa, they think about safaris, indigenous people and fast, long-distance runners," Thomas Ndolo, co-director of this year's conference, said with a chuckle. "We want to have this conference for the people of Davis so they move beyond those ideas and get a better understanding of the region and the people of Africa." The event will be full of activities that highlight three broad political and social themes that have greatly impacted the lives of the people in the region: conflict, the HIV/AIDS pandemic and food insecurity. The conference includes a panel of experts with extensive experience in these issues and how they relate to the Greater Horn of Africa. I-House has hosted global conferences for more than 20 years in hopes of educating the community about distant countries or regions. It has been a decade since South Africa has been the focus. Members of I-House decided this year would be a good time to revisit the continent.

67. Land Of Africa Protestant 45% Roman Catholic 33% indigenous beliefs 10 Swahili and English Other languages kikuyu luo kikabamba slowly because of the Masai people who opposed http://www.landofafrica.ch/country.php?country=25

68. GORP - Africa Face To Face People will take up the role of mwalimu (teacher) if Swahili is doubly true of other indigenous East African his or her own first language kikuyu, or Maasai http://gorp.away.com/gorp/location/africa/kenya/afrface.htm

United States Canada Europe Top Adventures ... Contests Search: DisplayAds ("Top,Right,Middle,TopRight,Right1,Right2,Frame1!Top", "468", "60"); Summer Guide to Outdoor Fun 12 Unbeatable Urban Hikes California Beach Camping Wild Ride: The Northwest Quest ... Tour de France Preview from Outside Online Locations US States Around the Globe City Weekends ... Discussion Boards DESTINATIONS Africa Face to Face By Dave Blanton - Voyagers International A growing number of visitors are discovering that in addition to having wildlife and natural beauty, East Africa also wears a very human face. Years as a tourist destination have done relatively little to erode traditional East African hospitality, especially outside of the metropolitan and tourist centers. As a short-term visitor, you will have contacts primarily with those in the tourist industry. But you can meet people and learn about traditional and modern culture, and go beyond the stereotyped tourist role. Here are some ideas that will help. Meeting People East Africa's cities are relatively hurried and impersonal by traditional African standards. Although it's not recommended that you approach someone on the street (or befriend someone who approaches you), there are places where it's easier to meet people. Restaurants, cafis, and bars are likely places, although if you visit the well-known tourist spots, you will probably meet another foreigner. In Nairobi try Nairobi University, the French Cultural Center, or the University Theater. advertisement DisplayAds ("Top,Right,TopRight,Right1,Frame1,Middle!Middle", "250", "250");

69. Orthodox Mission In Tropical Africa end of the second century it became indigenous, and spread in Kenya are tied up with the kikuyu Karing a in tropical africa has been initiated by people of all http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7734/orthmiss.htm

Home Page Index Literature Orthodox Links ... Member: Eastern Christian Link Swap ORTHODOX MISSION IN TROPICAL AFRICA by Stephen Hayes Originally published in Missionalia , the journal of the Southern African Missiological Society. Most histories of Christian mission in Africa, even those that are ostensibly ecumenical or pan-Christian, make little or no mention of Orthodox Church missions in Africa.1 There are several possible reasons for this, among them a bias on the part of many mission historians in favour of missions that were established before 1950 (Fiedler 1995:92). Most, though not all, Orthodox missions in tropical Africa began after that date. Another possible reason is that even those Orthodox missions that began before 1950 were not regarded as "mainstream" by the established Roman Catholic and Protestant missions, because they were identified with African independent church movements, which at that time were regarded by the Western churches as a problem for mission rather than a form of mission. The identification of Orthodoxy with the struggle against colonialism was also an embarrassment at that time. One Kenyan, writing of such attitudes, referred to "those who in their calculated ignorance misinterpret African-Christian-Orthodoxy as 'paganism'" (Lemopoulos 1993:123). Much of what has been published in English has been fragmentary, dealing with a particular place or period. Orthodox mission in tropical Africa has had its ups and downs, and the situation has changed rapidly, so that descriptions of what was happening at times in the past may not apply today. Orthodox mission today is characterised by a huge variety. Just about every mission method ever found in any part of the world, at any time in Christian history, can be found here. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to try to give a broad survey of Orthodox mission in this part of the world. It is primarily historical and descriptive, rather than an analysis of the theology of mission. Obviously such a survey must be lacking in detail, but it should at least provide the context for interpreting other more specialised studies.

70. Profile Of The Dorobo Peoples Of Kenya And Tanzania A cultural profile of the group of peoples traditionally referred to as Dorobo, in the East African countries of Kenya and Tanzania. The Dorobo are various unrelated indigenous peoples. Southern http://www.geocities.com/orvillejenkins/profiles/dorobo.html

Profiles Menu Orville Jenkins Home People Profile The Dorobo Peoples of Kenya and Tanzania Population Religion : Animism Status : 1% Christian Location : The "Dorobo" are not one tribe. Rather, the term Dorobo referred to the original forest-dwelling hunters in the Rift Valley of what is now Kenya and Tanzania. These peoples live in scattered groups in the plains of the Rift Valley and the forests of the neighboring escarpments. History : Southern Cushite peoples, followed by Eastern Cushites, settled in East Africa's Rift Valley during the first millennium after Christ. They found San (Bushmen) peoples already here. Bantu traditions refer to these early peoples whom their ancestors found there. Early Nilotes, then various waves of Bantu and later Nilotes subsequently came into the area. The Kikuyu refer to a people in Central Province as the Athi (the ground people), after the source the names Athi Plains and Athi River. Oral traditions say the Kikuyu paid the Athi to move into their land. The Athi seem to be either the Cushites or the original San people. (The Sandawe and the Hadzapi in northern Tanzania still speak San languages. The Bantu name "Twa" for the pygmies in Rwanda-Burundi-Zaire is the same word the Zulus use for the Khoisan click-language speakers they found in their early migrations into what is now Natal Province. There is still a San tribe there today called Twa.)

71. People Of Kenya The Bantuspeaking people (such as the Gusii, kikuyu, Akamba and By the 16th century, most of the indigenous Swahili trading towns, including Mombasa, had http://kenya.com/people/people_001.htm

Current time in Nairobi Special Fares to Kenya e-mail Log in Safari Finder My Itinerary QUICK BROWSE In the beginning The Europeans Settlement History and Culture of Kenya The first of many footprints The remainder of the 18th century saw the Omani dynasties from the Persian Gulf dug in along the East African coast. The depredations of the Portuguese era and constant quarrels among the Arab governors caused a decline in trade and prosperity which meant that economic powerhouses such as Britain and Germany weren't interested in grabbing a slice of East Africa until about the mid-19th century. With Europeans It was downhill from here for the Maasai. As white settlers demanded more fertile land, the Maasai were herded into smaller reserves. The Kikuyu, a Bantu agricultural tribe from the highlands west of Mt Kenya, also had vast tracts of land ripped from under their feet.

72. A Brief History Of Kenya the journalist who launched the first indigenous paper to his land and urged his people to return 1917 Evades forced recruitment as ablebodied kikuyu by living http://kenya.com/kenyatta.html

Mzee Jomo Kenyatta - Founding Father of the Kenya Nation KENYATTA ..... Taa ya Kenya or Swahili for the 'Light of Kenya' was the man who brought the light of independence to Kenya. Indeed, he was a beacon, a rallying point for suffering Kenyans to fight for their rights, justice and freedom. His brilliance gave strength and aspiration to people beyond the boundaries of Kenya, indeed beyond the shores of Africa. Just as one light shines in total darkness and provides a raliying point, so did Ken-yatta become the focus of the freedom fight for Kenya over half a century to dispell the darkness and injustice of colonialism. Before matter can become light, it has to suffer the rigours of heat. So did Kenyatta suffer the rigorous of imprisonment to bring independence to Kenya. As the founding father of Kenya, and its undisputed leader, he came to be known as Mzee, Swahili for a respected eider. No chronology can adequately reflect the many sided achievements of Mzee Kenyatta. His life is the life of the free Kenya nation chronicled here.

73. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results Boer, Yoruba, Ibo, Hausa, Ashanti, Masai, kikuyu, Somali, Ethiopian And few reminders are left of the indigenous Khoikhoi, a diminutive people, peaceful and http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

74. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results groups kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin Protestant 33%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 18 Their contact with Bantu people produces the Swahili http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_almanacs

75. Kenya Population 13.5% (2001 est.) HIV/AIDS people living with s) adjective Kenyan Ethnic groups kikuyu 22%, Luhya Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.nationbynation.com/Kenya/Population.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... KENYA Kenya has a very diverse population that includes most major language groups of Africa. Traditional pastoralists, rural farmers, Muslims, and urban residents of Nairobi and other cities contribute to the cosmopolitan culture. The standard of living in major cities, once relatively high compared to much of Sub-Saharan Africa, has been declining in recent years. Most city workers retain links with their rural, extended families and leave the city periodically to help work on the family farm. About 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, mainly as subsistence farmers. The urban sector employs 0.9 million people. POPULATION GRAPH Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.1% (male 6,462,430; female 6,327,457)

76. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS MENDE/BANDI/LOKO CHEWA/NYANJA kikuyu KPELLE KRIO Nomadic Tribes Two groups of indigenous people were said the Gamtoos River The Khoisan people no longer http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

language links XHOSA HOME THE BEST LINKS GUARANTEE Unlike many other web sites related to languages, only serious and useful sites are listed here. If you know a really good site for learning this language do email us GENERAL LINKS (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) XHOSA picasso.wcape.school.za/subject/xhosa/xhoshome.htm (AltaVista, Excite) XHOSA. WCSN Home Page. General Subject Index. WWW search. Sabelo's Isixhosa Home Page. Second Language. Std 6 Writing Evenkileni yempahla (dialogue) Ndim.. The Xhosa Virtual Resourse Network www.saol.co.za/xhosa/welcome.htm The Heritage Virtual Resource Network is the holding Organisation[Network] which steers and oversee all the networks within this domain.It is in this regard that The Heritage Virtual Resource Network announces the soon to be launching networks in its domain. These include the current Xhosa Network, the Sotho Network, the Afrikan Network and the Zulu Network will follow later after that. www.cyberserv.co.za/users/~jako/lang/xho.htm (Snap, Excite) South African Language: XHOSA VADA Software Talen V - Z www.vada.nl/softtvz.htm

77. INDIGENOUS AFRICAN RELIGION > INTRODUCTION Bantu, the Zulu, the Xhosa, the kikuyu, the Baganda of the ancient wisdom of the African people. all that stands for traditional or indigenous African religion http://www.hypertextile.net/BLAKHUD/ind-reli/ind00.htm

BLAKHUD Research Centre Lumosi Library WRITINGS of D. Massiasta INDIGENOUS AFRICAN RELIGION to FIANGOR BOKOR SALLAH HIGH PRIEST, KLIKOR and LEONARD S. K. DOGBATSE EDUCATIONIST, KLIKOR who spent several dawns of counselling to convince my parents to send me to a colonial formal school. INTRODUCTION A common definition has not been found for what constitutes religion. In his book, THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION, for instance, J. H. Leuba listed at least forty-eight definitions given by various writers on the subject. This may not suggest that religion is an illusion. Writers differ on a definition probably because of conceptual prejudices and the attempt to root the idea of a 'false' or 'true' religion. On indigenous African religion, for example, the controversy is not just over a common definition, but whether it deserves to be called a religion at all. Of all the definitions, theories and ideas expressed on the subject, however, those of the Scottish theologian W. Robertson Smith are quite relevant to the context in which African religion is understood by those who practise it. Smith, among other theologians of the same school of thought, thinks of religion as an instrument of social control, of building the structures of society and bringing it together.

78. Country Info - Kenya is overwhelmingly (97%) comprised of people of African s) adjective Kenyan Ethnic groups kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26 http://www.safari.nl/landen/kenya.html

about us contact links sitemap COUNTRY INFO - KENYA Click here for gameparks! Kenya is still the primary focus of all adventure travel in Africa. It is one of the finestand undoubtedly the most famoussafari destination in the world. Safari , however, is by no means the only reason to visit Kenya, for the attractions of its rich culture and diverse environments are considerable. Kenya is situated right along the equator, on the eastern coast of the African continent. Its coastal region is on the southeast, and to the east lies Somalia. Ethiopia is to the north, the Sudan to the northwest, and Uganda directly to the west. The southwestern border of the country is marked by Lake Victoria, and southward lies Tanzania. Kenya's geography is marvelously varied. While much of northeastern Kenya is a flat, bush-covered plain, the remainder of the country encompasses pristine beaches, scenic highlands and lake regions, the Great Rift Valley, and the magnificent Mount Kenya. Although Kenya's varied environments experience a wide variety of climate conditions, the temperature remains comfortably warm year-round. Much of Kenya experiences heavy rainfall from March through May and, to a lesser extent, from October through December. The best time for most

79. Kikuyu Christianity - Traditional Music & Cultures Of Kenya The catch was that people would not be employed without with the aim of establishing an indigenous church based The Orthodox Church among the kikuyu was one of http://www.bluegecko.org/kenya/tribes/kikuyu/christianity.htm

Kikuyu - Christianity See also The characterisation of Christian missionaries in the early novels of Ngugi wa Thiong'o , by Frederick Hale, and The Origin of Orthodoxy in East Africa , by H.E. Makarios Tillyrides. Both are external internet sites and open in new browser windows. In this page: Introduction 1929-1963: Independent Schools and African Christianity Modern Kikuyu Christianity This page is part of Jens Finke's Traditional Music and Cultures of Kenya . If you can't see a map on the left of the screen, click here to access the rest of the site. Introduction Not all the ways of the white man were bad. Even his religion was not essentially bad. Some good, some truth shone through it. But the religion, the faith, needed washing, cleaning away all the dirt, leaving only the eternal. Ngugi wa Thiong'o, in "The River Between" There is no Roman Catholic priest and a European - both are the same! Kikuyu proverb I confess that my choices for the two opening citations are provocative as well as paradoxical, given that the vast majority of Kikuyu nowadays consider themselves to be Christian, but it does epitomise one very bitter side of Kikuyu history, one which is deeply tainted with the whole colonial experience as well as with Mau Mau and the conflict over circumcision, and is an experience whose effects are still only seeping through the new Kikuyu society that has been created over the twentieth century. Christianity was first introduced to the Kikuyu during the last years of the nineteenth century at the start of the British period of colonization, when the interior was opened up to missionary activity by the new railway from Mombasa to Nairobi, which was eventually stretch all the way to Kampala in Uganda.

80. Kikuyu Colonial History - Traditional Music & Cultures Of Kenya the already paltry wages of their indigenous employees. appointed chiefs who, among the kikuyu, had little was simple and effective by giving people a limited http://www.bluegecko.org/kenya/tribes/kikuyu/history2.htm

Kikuyu - Colonial History In this page: First contacts with the Wazungu Colonization Organized Protest, 1920s-1930s The Road towards Independence ... Kenyatta and the Kenya African Union (KAU) This page is part of Jens Finke's Traditional Music and Cultures of Kenya . If you can't see a map on the left of the screen, click here to access the rest of the site. First contacts with the Wazungu By the end of the nineteenth century, the Kikuyu had become a wealthy and land-conscious people, with an ethos that linked wealth (but not the coveting of it) to virtue, and virtue to a sense of history that regarded land and livestock ownership as a trust for future generations. But what appeared to be the unstoppable rise of the Kikuyu came to an abrupt end with the arrival of colonialism. After a few early contacts with explorers and missionaries, the "protectorate" was proclaimed in 1895. The wazungu (white men) arrived in earnest a few years later, and by 1904 the new government was already actively advertising land for settlers in both Britain and South Africa. The Kikuyu and the neighbouring Kamba, of course, simply opposed what appeared to them to be an unwarranted invasion of their territory, and in 1896 and 1897 small military expeditions were sent against them by the new administration.

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