21. Art Critic London The British Museum March - ongoing africa in a the customs and ceremonies of indigenous peoples - and that dance shields made by the kikuyu people of Kenya http://www.theartnewspaper.com/artcritic/level1/reviewarchive/2001/mar_7_01_main

Africa: The Sainsbury African Galleries The British Museum - March - ongoing Africa in a thrilling new light The British Museum's new galleries are a stunning success, says Richard Dorment Benin Mask, ivory, iron, copper, and wire. From Benin, Nigeria from the 16th century If you remember the way African art was shown at the old Museum of Mankind, you may be taken aback by the sheer theatricality of the new presentation of the collections at the British Museum in Bloomsbury. At the old museum in Burlington Gardens, for example, the full scale recreation of an African village was not dreary, exactly, but goodness it was educational. The tiny fraction of the collection on display there was used to illustrate the customs and ceremonies of indigenous peoples - and that was that. With the emphasis so firmly on ethnography, gaiety and exuberance were in short supply. If some of the objects happened to be visually exciting so much the better, but somehow it was not the point of the installation. In the new Sainsbury African galleries, art takes precedence over anthropology. The designer Geoff Pickup has placed objects in floor-to-ceiling glass cases, then spot lit them from above and below, as though each item were a performer on a stage. In the centre of one gallery a circular metal stand piled high with oversize vessels spirals towards the ceiling, while decorated dance shields made by the Kikuyu people of Kenya are arranged in bold patters on the walls. In another gallery, a giant masquerade outfit from Malawi in the shape of an antelope adds to the carnival atmosphere, the African equivalent of a pantomime horse. The new galleries manage to be delightful, exotic and slightly menacing all at the same time - like Africa itself.

22. Global Problems And The Culture Of Capitalism - Allyn & Bacon / Longman Catalog Some Characteristics of indigenous peoples • The Process of Ethnocide. kikuyu and the Mau Mau Rebellion. The British in East africa • The White Highlands http://www.ablongman.com/catalog/academic/product/0,4096,0205193374-TOC,00.html

Select a Discipline Anthropology Counseling Criminal Justice Developmental English Early Childhood Education Educational Leadership Educational Psychology Educational Technology English Composition ESL Foundations of Education History Humanities Interdisciplinary Studies Literacy Education Literature Philosophy Political Science Psychology Religion Social Work / Family Therapy Sociology Special Education Technical Communication by Keyword by Author by Title by ISBN Advanced Search ABOUT THIS PRODUCT Description Table of Contents Features Appropriate Courses RESOURCES Instructor RELATED TITLES Global Issues / Contemporary Problems (Anthropology) Cultural Anthropology (Anthropology) Economic Anthropology (Anthropology) Culture Change (Anthropology) Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism View Larger Image Richard H. Robbins State University of New York at Plattsburgh ISBN: 0-205-19337-4 Format: Paper; 422 pp Status: Out of Print US: $52.00 You Save: $5.20 (10% off) Our Price: $46.80 Instructor Exam Copy Table of Contents Preface.

23. African Timelines Part I the Shona, the Xhosa, the kikuyu, and the AND CULTURE As africa’s peoples established themselves Spoken african languages indigenous to the continent are http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline.htm

Humanities 211 (Historical Contexts, Oral Arts, Film) Prof. Cora Agatucci 6 October 1998: Learning Resources http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/SocSci/1998/ss-981006.html Part I: Ancient Africa from the beginnings BC / BCE With Brief Discussions: Problem of Sources Sacred Writing Ma'at African Orature ... Can We Generalize about a Common African Culture? African Timelines Table of Contents Contribute to African Timelines, add a link, or make a comment! New Submission Form 5 to 2.5 million BCE Fossils, rocks, ancient skeletal remains have been uncovered in the Rift Valley and surrounding areas Photo of an African rift (Univ. of Pennsylvania): http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Misc_GIFS/African_rift.gif Evidence points to a common human ancestry originating in Africa from the emergence of a humanlike species in eastern Africa some 5 million years ago. From Hadar, Ethiopia, the 3.18 million year-old remains of "Lucy" were unearthed in 1974. Resources for African Archeology (ArchNet-WWW Archeology) http://archnet.asu.edu/archnet/regions/africa.php3

24. Allyn & Bacon/Longman: Catalog: Global Problems And The Culture Of Capitalism Some Characteristics of indigenous peoples. The Process of Ethnocide. Protest and Change. kikuyu and the Mau Mau Rebellion. The British in East africa. http://vig.abacon.com/catalog/abbooks/0,2371,0205336345,00.html

Select a Discipline Anthropology Counseling Criminal Justice Developmental English Early Childhood Education Educational Leadership Educational Psychology Educational Technology English Composition ESL Foundations of Education History Humanities Interdisciplinary Studies Literacy Education Literature Philosophy Political Science Psychology Religion Social Work / Family Therapy Sociology Special Education Technical Communication by Keyword by Author by Title by ISBN Advanced Search ABOUT THIS PRODUCT Description Appropriate Courses Features New to This Edition ... Supplements TECHNOLOGY LINKS Companion Website Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism, 2/e Richard H. Robbins, State University of New York at Plattsburgh Publisher: Format: Paper, 432 pp ISBN: Status: Published 08/01/2001 Retail Price: $63.00 US Professors, contact your bookstore for bookstore price. New edition for 2002! Request an Exam Copy Comment on this product Purchasing information Email this page to a colleague Description This award-winning From its European roots more than 500 years ago to the present, the text examines the problems of capitalism's expansion, inequality, environmental destruction, and social unrest. Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism Designed as a primary or supplemental text for courses in Global Contemporary Problems, Global Issues, Cultural and Social Change, Political and Economic Anthropology, and Cultural Anthropology found primarily in departments of anthropology but also in sociology, economics, or geography. Also appropriate for courses in International Affairs or Public Policy in Political Science departments.

25. Environmental Justice Cast Study: Maasai Land Rights In Kenya And Tanzania 1%. Kenya. kikuyu. 22%. Imposing Wilderness Struggles over Livelihood and Nature Preservation in africa. Globalization, Tourism and indigenous peoples What You http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/Jones/maasai.htm

Environmental Justice Case Study: Maasai Land Rights in Kenya and Tanzania By: Julie Narimatsu Table of Contents Problem Background Key Actors Demographics ... Back to EJ Case Studies Homepage PROBLEM While many people perceive the term eco-tourism to mean a more friendly, sustainable kind of tourism, most are not aware of the negative impacts that result from this type of tourism. Most of what goes on is what is considered "nature tourism." It is based on the use of natural resources in an undeveloped state. Therefore, when tourists engage in "nature tourism," they are seeing the wilds of Africa, South America and Australia, among other destinations, free of human interaction or disruption. To distinguish among the many types of tourism, we will define the more idealistic eco-tourism as "progressive, educational travel, which conserves the environment and benefits the locals (Schaller, 2)." In Africa, the Maasai tribes of Kenya and Tanzania have endured a long history of colonization by the British. The value of the natural resources in these areas became apparent from the very beginning, when the British perceived the pastoralist Maasai and other tribes to be incompatible with the wildlife that inhabited the area. With this separation of people and nature, national parks in Kenya were created without any consideration for the local communities (Cheeseman, 2). Today, these problems have escalated as more and more parks and reserves are being created by the government without the participation or consent of the indigenous people. The indigenous people consider development, whether it is through tourism or other government projects, to only benefit others and not their own situations (Kipuri, 2). Over the course of their existence, Maasai land has been taken away from them repeatedly, and after many broken promises of compensation and participation, the Maasai have started to fight for their land rights. Says Edward ole Mbarnoti, a Maasai leader

26. ★ Reviews Of Books About Africa and the dominant but persecuted kikuyu from the The commercialized use, more than indigenous peoples use of lies at the root of africa s environmental problems http://africa.vacationbookreview.com/africa_65.html

Related Vacation Book Subjects: VacationBookReview afghanistan albania More Pages: africa Page 1 Books to read if you're planning a vacation in "africa" , sorted by average review score: Colors of Ghana Published in Hardcover by Turtleback Books Distributed by Demco Media (January, 1997) Authors: Holly Littlefield and Barbara Knutson Average review score: Colors of Ghana Each section of the books begins with a pronunciation guide that facilitates the utterance of the color in question. Crisply clean illustrations adorn each section, adding meaning and better understanding of the various ideas presented. This book is extraordinary in the sense that within a few pages, the reader is introduced to a vast repertoire of Ghanaian history, culture, and other factual pieces of information. Littlefield does an excellent job of weaving suspenseful stories around each color. Both children and adults will find Colors of Ghana a delightful companion. Come to Africa and Save Your Marriage, and Other Stories Published in Hardcover by Soho Press, Inc. (October, 1987)

27. Kenya - Africa and 1930s, especially in areas where kikuyu, Luo, and is largely made up of Gallaspeaking peoples and the has become the most extended indigenous language in http://www.iol.ie/~vmmeurgo/kenya.html

Welcome to Volunteer Missionary Movement. We are working together in a divided World towards Peace, Justice and Reconciliation. In Kenya, we currently have positions for :- Teachers, Pharmacists, Horticulturists , Doctors, Nurses, Capenters, Bricklayers, etc Government Population Economy Language ... Religion History and Culture of Kenya: The first of many footprints to be stamped on Kenyan soil were left way back in 2000 BC by nomadic tribes from Ethiopia. A second group followed around 1000 BC and occupied much of central Kenya. The rest of the ancestors of the country's medley of tribes arrived from all over the continent between 500 BC and 500 AD. The Bantu-speaking people (such as the Gusii, Kikuyu, Akamba and Meru) arrived from West Africa while the Nilotic speakers (Maasai, Luo, Samburu and Turkana) came from the Nile Valley in southern Sudan. As tribes migrated throughout the interior, Muslims from the Arabian Peninsula and Shirazis from Persia (now Iran) settled along the East African coast from the 8th century AD onwards. Drawn by the whiff of spices and money, the Portuguese started sniffing around in the 15th century. After venturing further and further down the western coast of Africa, Vasco da Gama finally rounded the Cape of Good Hope and headed up the continent's eastern coast in 1498. Seven years later, the Portuguese onslaught on the region began. By the 16th century, most of the indigenous Swahili trading towns, including Mombasa, had been either sacked or occupied by the Portuguese - marking the end of the Arab monopoly of Indian Ocean trade. The Portuguese settled in for a long period of harsh colonial rule, playing one sultan off against another. But their grip on the coast was always tenuous because their outposts had to be supplied from Goa in India. The Arabs won control of the coast back in 1720.

28. Minorities At Risk (MAR) Migrations of various peoples to the territory that colonial settlers forcibly evicted the indigenous African pastoralists The kikuyu ended up on inferior land http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/kenluhya.htm

Luhya in Kenya Luhya population (1998 est): 3.97 million which is 14% of Kenya's population of 28.34 million. (Group and country population compiled from various sources.) Group type: communal contender Click here to view General Chronology Risk Assessment There is only one factor that increases the chances of future protest actions by the Luhya: significant political restrictions that include limits on free movement, voting, and recruitment to the police, military, and high political office. Low-level protest by group members only emerged in the late 1990s. The elections to choose a successor to Moi, scheduled for late 2002, will likely influence the group's political prospects. Analytic Summary More than forty ethnic groups comprise Kenya's population. While no single group forms a majority, the Luhya (14%) are the second largest group after the Kikuyu (22%). Other significant populations include the Luo (13%), Kalenjin (12%), and Kisii (6%) along with smaller groups of indigenous peoples such as the Somalis, Maasai, and Turkana. The term Luhya was first introduced during the colonial era to refer to a linguistic grouping that consists of fifteen different peoples (LANG = 1). They are the Bukusu, Dakho, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyala, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, and Wanga. The Luhya follow the same customs as the country's larger groups (CUSTOM = 0). Group members primarily live in the Western Province and adjacent areas of the Rift Valley Province. There has been little group movement across the country's regions (MIGRANT = 1).

29. African Timelines Part I africa. Ethnic groups descended from the Bantu include the Shona, the Xhosa, the kikuyu, and the Zulu, of the Eastern Bantu language branch; and the Herero and Tonga peoples http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline.htm

Humanities 211 (Historical Contexts, Oral Arts, Film) Prof. Cora Agatucci 6 October 1998: Learning Resources http://scout.wisc.edu/Reports/SocSci/1998/ss-981006.html Part I: Ancient Africa from the beginnings BC / BCE With Brief Discussions: Problem of Sources Sacred Writing Ma'at African Orature ... Can We Generalize about a Common African Culture? African Timelines Table of Contents Contribute to African Timelines, add a link, or make a comment! New Submission Form 5 to 2.5 million BCE Fossils, rocks, ancient skeletal remains have been uncovered in the Rift Valley and surrounding areas Photo of an African rift (Univ. of Pennsylvania): http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Misc_GIFS/African_rift.gif Evidence points to a common human ancestry originating in Africa from the emergence of a humanlike species in eastern Africa some 5 million years ago. From Hadar, Ethiopia, the 3.18 million year-old remains of "Lucy" were unearthed in 1974. Resources for African Archeology (ArchNet-WWW Archeology) http://archnet.asu.edu/archnet/regions/africa.php3

30. East Africa Living Encyclopedia The Luo people are mainly traders and artisans Interethnic rivalries and resentment over kikuyu dominance in The principal nonindigenous ethnic minorities are http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kethnic.htm

East Africa Living Encyclopedia Kenya Map,Flag,Anthem Agriculture Archaeology Communications ... r (Supported by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Kenya Tanzania ... Rwanda Kenya Ethnic Groups The Kikuyu, Meru, Gusii, Embu, Akamba, Luyha (or alternate spelling of Luyia), Swahili and Mijikenka The Kikuyu Ngai

31. MSN Encarta - Africa majority of its inhabitants are of indigenous origin in Nairobi, Kenya, the Luo and kikuyu seldom mix African people identify themselves, or have been identified http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572628_7/Africa.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Art and Architecture African Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Africa News Search MSNBC for news about Africa Internet Search Search Encarta about Africa Search MSN for Web sites about Africa Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(''); Page 7 of 18 Africa Multimedia 159 items Dynamic Map View map of Africa Article Outline Introduction Natural Environment People of Africa Economy ... History G Human Impact on Vegetation Little of Africa’s vegetation is natural in the sense of being virtually unaltered by humans. Areas near settlements bear the particular marks of human impact: People plant trees for fruit, shade, and other uses; preserve beneficial wild species; and selectively clear less desired vegetation.

32. Africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, Ed. Brenda Randolph UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA africaN STUDIES CENTER. africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, ed. Brenda Randolph. Introduction. AUTHOR TITLE africaN AMERICAN LITERATURE VOICES IN A TRADITION. selections by some of africa's most outstanding writers the 20th century. africa's peoples and history are secondary and use patterns among indigenous South africans prior to http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Proceedings_Rev/afrik_access.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, ed. Brenda Randolph Introduction ISBN: 0-03-047424 Subjects: Africa/Literature/African Americans/Diaspora Review: This textbook on African American literature includes selections by some of Africa's most outstanding writers. Claude Ake, Buchi Emecheta, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Leopold Senghor, and Amos Tutuloa are among the writers included. In addition, there are two works from the past, a poem by Pharoah Akhenaton, and an excerpt from Olaudah Equiano's famous narrative on his capture and enslavement in the 1700s. These selections and others in the text are preceded by background notes and information on the literary form being highlighted. At the conclusion of each offering, a "Responding to the Selection" section provides a review of the material covered. Additional features include a map of Africa which shows the birthplaces of the contributors, a pronunciation guide for Igbo words, and splendid photographs, many of which are in color. This outstanding collection is a must purchase for all schools. (Brenda Randolph) Subjects: Folklore/Mpongwe/West Africa Subjects: Ethiopia/ East Africa Review: This book portrays contemporary Ethiopian life in most of its vital aspects. Unfortunately, much has changed that raise question marks, for example, Lenin's statue in Addis Ababa which was toppled with the fall of the Mengistu government. However, for the curious young reader that should not be a problem; helped by a knowledgeable teacher, the rest of the pictures can fill in some gap in the knowledge of young students about Africa. (Bereket Habte Selassie)

33. Mau Mau, Bibliography Cape Town, South africa Culemborg Publishers, 1956. Mau Mau indigenous PeoplesKenya - kikuyu (african People) - KenyaHistory, 1895-1955. http://users.skynet.be/terrorism/html/kenya_maumau.htm

MAU MAU [Home] BOOKS, (DOCUMENTS, REPORTS, ETC.) BEWES, T. F. C. Kikuyu conflict: Mau Mau and the Christian witness. London, G.B.: Highway Press, 1953. 76 p., illus., 19 cm. Mau Mau - MissionsKenya - Kikuyu (African People)Missions. LC 53036462. BROM, John L. Mau-Mau. Paris, France: Amiot-Dumont, (Bibliothèque des Voyages) , 1956. 201+[8] p., ill., ports., map, 21 cm. Mau Mau - Kikuyu (African People). LC 58002039. BUIJTENHUIJS, Robert. Le mouvement 'Mau Mau'. Une révolte paysanne et anticoloniale en Afrique noire. Den Haag, Netherlands; Paris, France: Mouton, (Change and Continuity in Africa) , [1971]. xiv+428 p., bibliogr. pp. [419]-428, 24 cm. Originally presented as the author's thesis. Mau Mau - Kikuyu (African People). BF 72008083. Mau Mau: Twenty years after. The myth and the survivors. Den Haag, Netherlands; Paris, France: Mouton, (Communications; 4) , [1973]. 170+[4] p., ill., bibliogr. pp. 163-170, 22 cm. Mau Mau - KenyaHistoryMau Mau Emergency, 1952-1960. LC 73091696; BF 75005785. Essays on Mau Mau. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre

34. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Kenya - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 2.5 million (2001 Ethnic groups kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13 Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ke/Kenya_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Kenya (Facts) Kenya - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.3% (male 6,609,904; female 6,461,945) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 8,900,615; female 8,766,698) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 389,918; female 510,011) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 1.27% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 28.81 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 16.01 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 2001 Kenya was host to 220,000 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 145,000 and Sudan 68,000 (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

35. GUIDE TO MIGRATED ARCHIVES s on structural buildings and social life of the indigenous people. between 1953 and 1966 showing kikuyu emergency villages. Maps and books on Eastern africa. http://www.kenyarchives.go.ke/general-guide6.htm

GENERAL GUIDE Master, Alfred James Randall (16 items, 1933-1960) Albums and envelopes of prints relating to theatre productions produced by Master in Nairobi and the Empire Theatre, 1933 to c. 1940, Theatre Royal c. 1940 to late 1940’s, National Theatre, 1952 to 1960. Murray, Marjories (1 dep., 409 items, c. 1920’s) Photographs shot in and around Mombasa about 1920’s on structural buildings and social life of the indigenous people. Murumbi, Joseph Papers, Books, rare Africana publications, pamphlets and antiques. Page, (and Rev. Michad, Canon) Mrs. Alan (1 dep., 41 items, 1914-1954) A 35 mm of black and white film strip entitled, “Half a Century in Kenya, 1914-1954”; one negative microfilm copy of books, newsletters, newspaper cuttings, notes and diary; reel to reel (5”) tape of Gospel music describing the philosophy of Mau Mau; photographs taken between 1953 and 1966 showing Kikuyu emergency villages. Pearson, George (1 dep., 7 items, 1959-1960) King’s African Rifles journal; book on KAR and one photograph of KAR Officers. Pickford, A.J.

36. GUIDE TO MIGRATED ARCHIVES Binks family, Book of Paul, indigenous people, astronomy, aviation work in Mombasa, East africa Coast, Freretown Photographs of a kikuyu; Chania Falls; Maua women http://www.kenyarchives.go.ke/general-guide5.htm

GENERAL GUIDE F.O. 403-Confidential Print (16 Microfilms) Selected correspondence; minutes for circulation to representatives abroad. Private Records Amani Institute (in Microfilm) (7 reels, 1902-1947) Correspondence; annual reports; Amani Research Institute files; botanical surveys. Appleby, L.L. (1 dep., 24 items, c. 1918-c. 1964) Articles by catalyst on Africa general; publications on Bisukha, Luhya literature, Luyia folk-tales, Luyia orthography, Abasungu, Abaranjira, Okhwitsa Mu, Kavirondo, structure of Lulanga; Appleby’s personal correspondence; correspondence and minutes of the Luyia language committee; minutes of the meetings of the Nyanza Literature Committee; minutes of the South Wanga Locational Council meetings; minutes of the Lubukusu School Literature Committee. Bible Society in East Africa, The (1 dep., 8 items (1914) (1930’s-1960) Minutes of the United Kikuyu Language Committee; minutes of the British Foreign Bible Society meetings; circular letters to UKLC members; letters to and from L. Beacher, Barrlow and others on Kikuyu Orthography; religious publications in Kikuyu. Glady’s S.B. Beecher

37. BBC News | Africa | Kenya: Journey Through A Rhythm Nation 1546 GMT 1646 UK World africa Kenya Journey from the coastal area, from the indigenous people, but there put in a little bit of English, kikuyu .as many http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/africa/newsid_433000/433896.stm

Front Page World UK UK Politics ... Help Monday, August 30, 1999 Published at 15:46 GMT 16:46 UK World: Africa Kenya: Journey through a rhythm nation Eric Wainaina (top left) sings in Kikuyu but attracts fans from all ethnic groups Join Zain Verjee of Capital FM in Nairobi on a tour of Kenya's musical scene, from its traditional roots to the vibrant and dynamic sounds of what's become known as New Fusion. About 12 kilometres from Nairobi city centre on 90 acres of land is the Bomas of Kenya. Bomas - meaning "homestead" in Swahili is a project that replicates various traditional villages in Kenya and preserves diverse traditional song and dance. A nyatiti player is much in demand "We present traditional dances of Kenya from various ethnic groups. Most of the tribes are covered by our dances," says Ben Njeru, the acting training manager of the project. "I don't like other types of music - I like Kenyan music more than any other music," he says. "The music that is played here is music that is the pride of Kenya." A two hour show is performed at the Bomas every afternoon by highly trained dancers and musicians.

38. Who Are Then Are The Swahili? the same family of languages as kikuyu, Meru, Kikamba years, the Waswahili have been the indigenous people of the With inland peoples, one often finds a degree http://www.waswahilitrust.plus.com/pages/who are then are the waswahili.htm

The Waswahili Community Trust UK (Wadhamini wa jumuiya ya Waswahili) Ethnicity Who are then are the Swahili? "The Swahili are among the most distinctive peoples in Africa, and their coastal location is the primary reason why. It provided a setting where multiple cultural influences came together to produce a society characterized by: mercantilism based on Indian Ocean trade; town dwelling; a unique architecture using coral and stone; Islam; literacy in an African language with an Arabic script; a sense of belonging to a wider civilization; and social stratification, with ruling elites who stress their Persian and Arab lineages. Influences from southwestern Asia have clearly been significant to Swahili identity, but it is equally obvious that the Asian elements are essentially a veneer glued onto a solid Bantu African framework." James L. Newman in his recent book called THE PEOPLE OF AFRICA (Yale University Press, 1995 P. 177) The Bantu peoples are many and varied and exist in different clusters of fairly closely related tribes. According to Newman, the Swahilis constituted part of the Sabaki cluster of Northeast Coast Bantu that had formed in the Lower Tana River-Lamu Archipelago. From the original Sabaki who lived in small coastal or offshore-island villages where they could both fish and farm, some Sabaki took up a trading activity with merchants from the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf. This trade has by all accounts been going on for at least some 2000 years.

39. Indigenous Crop Protection Practices In Africa indigenous Crop Protection Practices in SubSaharan East africa Mukau (kikuyu), Mara marui (Samburu), Mutaa blessing people tree /makuri, Bwar (Luo), http://www.ippc.orst.edu/ipmafrica/elements/ncpp.html

Indigenous Crop Protection Practices in Sub-Saharan East Africa Database of Natural Crop Protectant Chemicals (DNCPC) Products Used, or With Potential Use, for Crop Pest Control in Sub-Saharan East Africa et. al. , 1992). To be classified as beneficials, these products should come from plants that grow well on poor quality land, i.e. do not compete with crop land, they should not act as weeds, they should not support crop pests, and the products should be easily prepared. Some degree of success in the commercial production of these materials has been attained, e.g. rotenone, pyrethrum, nicotine, and neem. Usually, however, these are quite expensive when purchased on the open market. Cheaper when on-farm produced. Commercial plantations are not without pest problems. Tephrosia, for example, suffers from insects, nematodes, damping off, and problems with seed production. Even pyrethrum plants suffer from nematode problems in the foliage. Recently, neem has been hit with severe root rot problems. Further, identification of the active compound(s) in these plants is illusive and very expensive to pursue. Table-l. Natural Products Used, or With Potential Use, for Crop Pest Control in Sub-Saharan East Africa

40. Indigenous Crop Protection Practices In Africa indigenous Crop Protection Practices in SubSaharan East africa, their Status and Significance Relative to Mukau (kikuyu), Mutaa blessing people tree /makuri, http://www.ippc.orst.edu/ipmafrica/natural/

Indigenous Crop Protection Practices in Sub-Saharan East Africa, their Status and Significance Relative to Small Farmer IPM Programs in Developing Countries Elements of IPM in Subsistence Agriculture Crop Protection Chemicals Natural Crop Protectant Products Some degree of success in the commercial production of these materials has been attained, e.g. rotenone, pyrethrum, nicotine, and neem. Usually, however, these are quite expensive when purchased on the open market. Cheaper when on-farm produced. Commercial plantations are not without pest problems. Tephrosia, for example, suffers from insects, nematodes, damping off, and problems with seed production. Even pyrethrum plants suffer from nematode problems in the foliage. Recently, neem has been hit with severe root rot problems. Further, identification of the active compound(s) in these plants is illusive and very expensive to pursue. Table-l. Natural Products Used, or With Potential Use, for Crop Pest Control in Sub-Saharan East Africa SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME PRODUCT USE TEXT Agave sisalana Perrine Kholokoto (Malawi 1/) Ikonge (Kamba, Taita), Sisal

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