21. WHKMLA : History Of Kazakhstan, ToC Reference Kazakhstan Virtual Library Kazakhstan, from ICARP, has a short sectionon history; further links on kazakhstan history from Eurasianet; further http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/centrasia/xkazakhstan.html

First posted on June 1st 2002; last revised on March 27th 2004 Kirghiz ASSR, 1917-1926 Kazakhstan 1926-1945 Kazakhstan 1945-1991 Kazakhstan independent, since 1991 EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook Kazakhstan ; BBC Country Profile : Kazakhstan ; World Desk Reference : Kazakhstan Virtual Library : Kazakhstan , from ICARP, has a short section on history; further links on Kazakhstan history from Eurasianet ; further links on Kazakhstan from oxuscom ; from Kazakhstan Online Library of Congress Country Studies : Kazakhstan Timeline Kazakhstan, from BBC News ; from timelines.ws ; Major Events relevant to Central Asian History since 1600 , from oxuscom Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Kazakhstan, from Kirken i Norge History of Kazakhstan, from www.kz , from Parasang , from Heritage Films ; from Times of Central Asia Political Resources on the Net : Kazakhstan For the Record 2000 : Kazakhstan , from UN Human Rights System Languages of Kazakhstan (6), from Ethnologue Wars of Kazakhstan 1800-1999, from ACED Global Currency History : Kazakhstan DOCUMENTS Flag, from

22. News - "Mitsva" Association Of Kazakhstan Mitsva Association historical club has announced the day of the Second Internationalhistorical conference Jews in kazakhstan history, Religion, Culture http://www.mitsva.kz/news_e.shtml

Search NEWS ARCHIVE * * *Summer children's camp starts on June 7 in Almaty. Mazal Tov!* * * Almaty. "Rimon" JCC Yiddish club talks about Yitshok Leyb Perets. Astana. Hesed Open Home - the youngest program in Astana Hesed. Kokshetau. Hesed "Natan" "Etgar" program participants are new clients of a volunteering hairdresser Alexandra Habibulina. Shymkent. Hesed "Shimon" Meeting with a poet Oleg Chimkentsky. Almaty. "Rimon" JCC Olga Ryzhova's exhibition Taraz. JCC Women's club discusses traditional Jewish marriage. Pavlodar. Hesed "Rachel" One-day family seminar. Kokshetau. Hesed "Natan" Library Literature Club. "Letopis Gorkih Let" book. Almaty. "Rimon" JCC "Oh this old record!" - music festival in the family club. Shymkent. JCC Dance group parade. Astana. JCC Children's health camp opens. Almaty. "Mitsva" Association Opening of the Second International Scientific Conference "Jews in Kazakhstan: History, Religion, Culture".

23. FROM THE HISTORY OF JEWS IN KAZAKHSTAN - "Mitsva" Association Of Kazakhstan Mitsva Association historical club has announced the day of the Second Internationalhistorical conference Jews in kazakhstan history, Religion, Culture . http://www.mitsva.kz/events/2004/almis/index_e.shtml

Search FROM THE HISTORY OF JEWS IN KAZAKHSTAN "Mitsva" Association historical club has announced the day of the Second International historical conference "Jews in Kazakhstan: History, Religion, Culture". The two-day conference will start on May 27. 5 countries have already expressed their wish to take part in the conference. Among them are scientists and researchers from Russia, Uzbekistan, and Israel. Participants' reports will be included in the fourth collection of articles "From the History of Jews in Kazakhstan". By initiative of the conference organizers and sponsors the best reports will be awarded with money prizes. With the help of the conference "Mitsva" Association promotes reconstruction of the history of Jews in Kazakhstan and tells about Jews' contribution to the country development. Galina Goldberg almaty astana aktobe karaganda ... "mitsva" association news region hasadim community centers cultural centers ... mail to us

24. History Of Kazakhstan History of Kazakhstan. Information This short introduction briefs youon the history of Kazakhstan, its culture and politics. Kazakhstan http://www.kazakhstaninvestment.com/history-of-kazakhstan.html

History of Kazakhstan Information about Kazakhstan is a large and diverse one. This short introduction briefs you on the history of Kazakhstan, its culture and politics. Kazakhstan is the largest country of central Asia, stretching from Siberia to the deserts of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and from China to the Caspian Sea. The country covers two time zones and five climatic zones. Its size defines the character of the nation: everything is large in scale, from the wealth of its resources, to the scale of the travel across the country which presents a formidable problem of bringing the Kazakh goods to the main exports markets. Kazakhstan has a rich and long history. The early nomad civilization was registered as early as in the first millennium BC. The rich vast steppe land had been a valuable prize for many invaders, including Atilla the Hun, Genghis Khan and Timur the Lame (Tamerlane) who conquered and ruled the region. It was the Turkic-speaking tribes that developed trade routes including the Silk Road flowing east to west and the Sable Road connecting central Kazakhstan to the Altai and south-west Siberia. Islam was gradually introduced starting from the 11th century. It was only in the late 15th century that the first Kazakh states were formed and a Kazakh people emerged divided into hordes ruled by khans. Russian expansion reached Kazakh lands in the beginning of the 18th century. By the 1850s the entire region was incorporated into the Tsarist Empire and Russian settlers began arriving in large numbers.

25. Internet Access And Training Program Repatriates Learn About kazakhstan history in IATP access site in Turkestan,Kazakhstan. author Gaukhar Kenzhegaliyeva IATP Kazakhstan http://www.iatp.kz/?id=news&sendnews=1781&lang=1

26. Carnegie Museum Of Natural History Anthropology Since 1993, the Carnegie Museum of Natural History has been collaborating with theUniversity of North Kazakhstan and the North kazakhstan history Museum in http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/anthro/olsen_prehistory.html

PREHISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN The site of Botai with pithouse depressions clearly visible on the ground surface. Sandra L. Olsen Section of Anthropology Carnegie Museum of Natural History Since 1993, the Carnegie Museum of Natural History has been collaborating with the University of North Kazakhstan and the North Kazakhstan History Museum in the investigation of an eneolithic (3600-2300 B.C.) settlement known as Botai. The Botai culture is known by three large sites, the eponymous settlement of Botai, Krasnyi Yar, and Vasilkovka. The site of Botai is located on the Iman-Burluk River, a tributary of the Ishim, in Kokshetav Oblast. The settlement has at least 153 pithouses, but part of the site has been cut away by the steeply eroding river bank. The Carnegie Museum has been involved in excavating one pithouse and one large midden and their surrounds. Dog burial in a small pit adjacent to the house excavated by our team. The economy of the Botai people depended almost solely on horses. Most were probably the wild species

27. Economist.com | Country Briefings: Kazakhstan History in brief Dec 10th 2003 From Economist.com They formed a provisional governmentafter 1917, but by 1920 Kazakhstan was in the Red Army’s control. http://www.economist.com/countries/Kazakhstan/profile.cfm?folder=History in brie

28. Kazakhstan Adoption - Agencies Photolisting International Adoption Agency Kazakh Information Kazakhstan Communication Info Kazakhstan Geography Info Kazakhstan GovernmentInfo Kazakhstan Embassy Info kazakhstan history Kazakhstan Military http://kazakhstan.adoption.com/

Adoption.com Home Unplanned Pregnancy Hoping to Adopt Parent Profiles Adoption Directory Adoption Sites Adoption Community Adoption Shop Adoption Reunion International Adoption Kazakhstan Adoption Kazakhstan Holidays Listen to their National Anthem Visas Issued to Kazakhstan Children International Adoption Booklet ... Kazakhstan Adoption Booklet Adoption Professionals Commonwealth Adoptions International, Inc. Send us an E-mail Phone: (724) 772-8190 215 Executive Drive #302 Cranberry Twnsp., PA 16066 Eurasian Adoption Services Placing children from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Vietnam, Nepal and Colombia. We are a non-profit, licensed agency specializing in personalized services to adoptive families. Send us an E-mail Toll Free: (888) 916-2229 Phone: (360) 696-8511 1111 Main St #600 Vancouver, WA 98660 Adoption Choice, Inc. Licensed by the state of Wisconsin since 1986 providing International adoption services in China, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Guatemala and Ukraine . Send us an E-mail Phone: (414) 276-3262 924 Juneau Ave.

29. Kazakhstan History of Kazakhstan. WELCOME HISTORY AND MAPS, Map of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan,officially Republic of Kazakhstan (1994 estimated population http://www.heritagefilms.com/Kazakhstan.htm

History of Kazakhstan WELCOME HISTORY AND MAPS Map of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially Republic of Kazakhstan (1994 estimated population 17,268,000), c.1,050,000 square miles (2,719,500 square kilometers), central Asia, formerly a constituent republic of the USSR. It borders on Russia (North); China (East); Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan (South); and the Caspian Sea and European Russia (West). The Turkic-speaking Muslim Kazakhs (Qazaqs) comprise only 40% of the population; ethnic Russians make up 38% of the population, and other groups include Germans, Ukrainians, Tatars, and Uzbeks. The official language is Kazakh, but Russian remains the primary language of commerce and government. The region was ruled by the Mongols from the 13th to 18th century and then by Russia. In 1916 the Kazakhs rebelled against Russian rule, and were in the process of establishing a Western-style state when the Bolshevik Revolution occurred in 1917. The region became part of the USSR in 1920 and a constituent republic in 1936. As the USSR broke up following the hard-line coup against Soviet President Gorbachev (1991), Kazakhstan declared its independence-it was one of the last republics to do so-and joined the Commonwealth of Independent States. Nursultan A. Nazarbayev, president of Kazakhstan since 1990, has moved to privatize the economy since independence. Nazarbayev's supporters won a parliamentary majority in the 1994 elections, which were criticized by some observers as unfair.

30. The Facts About Kazakhstan Central state museum offers its visitors review of kazakhstan history; there areseveral exhibition halls, which give you a full idea about main archeological http://www.asiatour.org/asiatour.org/the_republic_of_kazakhstan.htm

A country of steppes and peaks beaks beyond the clouds K azakhstan is situated at the crossing of cultures and civilization and has rich legacy and ancient memorials. It's directly connected with the Great Silk Road, the most part of which lay on the Semirechye territory and was both the connection between west and east and a bridge of two great cultures. F avorable climate conditions, the richest natural, cultural and historic resources are the unquestionable property of the country, which compose prerequisites for tourism development. FACTS: Time: There are three time zones Area: 2.717.313 km Population: Nationality: Kazakhs 51%, Russians 36%, others 13% (Germans, Ukrainian, Tatars and many others). Language: Kazakh, Russian. Religion: Muslim, Orthodox, Buddhism, Catholicism. Capital: Astana (started from December 1997). Currency: Tenge (kzt). Any kind of currency can be changed at any exchange office. Science: Work in a research field is made in cooperation with Russia, which has rights for rent and launching in Baikonur. Natural resources: Great stock of oil, gas, aluminum, coal, iron and rare metals.

31. The Football Union Of Kazakhstan The names of the cities are presented due to the times they were renamed withinthe independent period of kazakhstan history AlmaAta. -. Almaty. Shevchenko. -. http://www.fsk.kz/engl/kazchamps/Ch_1998.htm

HOME MANAGEMENT SUPERLEAGUE CUP ... ENG HISTORY Asian Cups TEAMS Superleague Clubs National Team U-19 Team U-17 Team ... Futsal Team KAZAKHSTAN CHAMPIONSHIP Superleague First League Second League INTERNATIONAL CLUBS TOURNAMENTS Champions League UEFA Cup CIS Champions Cup Superleague First League Best ten strikers THE VII CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN 21 April - 17 October 1998 year A nd still the Championship of the Republic of Kazakhstan is held in two leagues: Super and First. The number of teams in the super league is the same as in 1997 – 14. “Naryn” (Uralsk) and “Nasha Kampania” (Astana) went through to the super league in 1998. Those teams took 2 nd and 3 rd places at the Championship of Kazakhstan for First league teams, 1997. The first league -1997 winner FC “Ferro” Aktobe withdrew from the super league tournament because of financial troubles. The reuniting happened in January, 2001.We would like you to pay your attention to the following two teams football history data before they were reunited. The victory at the VII Football Championship Of the Republic of Kazakhstan was 3 points; draw – 1.

32. The Football Union Of Kazakhstan coaches. The names of the cities are presented due to the times theywere renamed within the independent period of kazakhstan history http://www.fsk.kz/engl/kazchamps/1league_1997.htm

HOME MANAGEMENT SUPERLEAGUE CUP ... ENG HISTORY Asian Cups TEAMS Superleague Clubs National Team U-19 Team U-17 Team ... Futsal Team KAZAKHSTAN CHAMPIONSHIP Superleague First League Second League INTERNATIONAL CLUBS TOURNAMENTS Champions League UEFA Cup CIS Champions Cup Superleague First League Best ten strikers THE VI CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN 12th April - 13th October, 1997 After the year's break, the Championship of the Republic of Kazakhstan is held again in the two leagues, i.e. the first division still plays to takes two places for to reach the super league. However, the number of teams in the super league was reduced. "Automobilist" (Shortandy) became the debutante for the super league in 1997, having won the championship of Kazakhstan for physical training groups in 1996. The victory at the VI Football Championship Of the Republic of Kazakhstan was 3 points; draw - 1. The teams losers got no points. All teams wishing to play in the first league were welcome. The best footballers and the best teams were recognized due to the teams' head coaches. The names of the cities are presented due to the times they were renamed within the independent period of Kazakhstan history:

33. Republic Of Kazakhstan History of Kazakhstan. More information can be found on the site OfficialKazakhstan. Mesolith, Neolith, XII III millennia BC Formation http://missions.itu.int/~kazaks/eng/kazak02.htm

NEWS DIARY DOCUMENTS CONSULAR/VISA KAZAKHSTAN General information History Legislation Government ... NEWS ARCHIVE History of Kazakhstan More information can be found on the site Official Kazakhstan Mesolith, Neolith, XII - III millennia BC Formation of a cultural community. The borders enclosed Kazakhstan, steppe areas of West Siberia, the Altai, northern areas of Central Asia. A tribal community, formation of tribes and tribal alliances. Hunting, fishing, rudiments of mining, weaving. Ever increasing settled mode of life of the population as the climate gets more damp and warm. Primeval faiths. Late IV - early III millennia BC. Eneolith. Judging from the examination of 200 ancient sites of settlements of the Stone Age - transition to Eneolith on a local basis as a result of development of production forces. The population was ready to go over to cattle-breeding as the climatic conditions become more favourable for horse-breeding. Close ties between the cultures of Central Kazakhstan, Siberia, Urals and Central Asia. Cattle-breeding, horse-breeding, woodworking, bone carving, fishing, hunting, collecting eatables. Bronze Age. IInd millennium BC

34. Access International Domains kazakhstan/links/history . kazakhstan history Links; http//www.hartfordhwp.com/archives/53/index-b.htmlThe history of Kazakhstan. http://webdb.iu.edu/internationalprograms/scripts/accessinfo.cfm?categoryid=22&C

35. NTI Country Overviews Kazakhstan Chemical Overview Key Sources 1. Gulbarshyn Bozheyeva, The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant inkazakhstan history and Legacy, The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 7, No. http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Kazakhstan/Chemical/index_3681.html

Chemical Overview History Since Kazakhstan did not have an independent history of CW production, CW developments on its territory can be considered only one part of the entire history of the Soviet CW program. However, Kazakhstani territory housed the only known CW facility, the Pavlodar plant, which was under construction when the Soviet Union committed itself to abandon its CW program in 1987. However, some unconfirmed reports suggest that Kazakhstan also housed two other former soviet CW-related facilities: a production plant in the city of Zhambul and storage barracks on the Ili River, though complete information on these facilities is not available. Status After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Kazakhstani government committed itself to convert Pavlodar plant to a civilian production facility. Since 1994, the facility has been operating under the status of a joint-stock company, in which 90 percent of shares belong to the state, and 10 percent to plant employees. However, due to economic problems the plant has not been successful in producing commercial chemicals. The plant also faces some problems related to final elimination of dual-purpose equipment at the facility. Key Sources: 1. Gulbarshyn Bozheyeva, "The Pavlodar Chemical Weapons Plant in Kazakhstan: History and Legacy,"

36. The World Bank Group In Kazakhstan of projects funded by the World Bank Group. Languages English, Russian.......History, structure, and overview of the World Bank activities in Kazakhstan. http://www.worldbank.kz/

37. World History Archives: The History Of Qazaqstan (Kazakhstan) The history of the. Republic of Qazaqstan (kazakhstan) Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World history Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity nor to release their copyright.   http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/53/index-b.html

The history of the Republic of Qazaqstan (Kazakhstan) Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history of Central Asia in general The retrospective history of Qazaqstan (Kazakhstan) The contemporary political history of Qazaqstan (Kazakhstan) ... The media and telecommunications of Qazaqstan (Kazakhstan)

38. Reconciliation: History Education Project: Kazakhstan The history and the Politics of Reconciliation program promotes research and dialogue on how societies with difficult pasts and the processes involved with reconciliation. Topics include Lili Cole http://www.cceia.org/page.php/prmID/101

North and South Korea Zimbabwe Kazakhstan Northern Ireland ... Takashi Yoshida Lessons from the Classrooms of Kazakhstan Teaching Reconciliation and Understanding in a Time of Transition Researcher: Carolyn Kissane about Read Mid-term report (PDF, 133 Kb) Project description The project focuses on educational reforms in Kazakhstan - in particular, how Kazakhstan's educational institutions represent the nation's difficult past with the former Soviet Union and now Russia. Kazakhstan's history with Russia has not been easy; there are numerous issues that could foster hostility and further ethnic division within its highly diverse population. At independence, the Kazaks, the dominant ethnic group in Kazakhstan, were for the first time in a position to explore a history that had formerly been denied to them. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, there was concern over the very real possibility that Kazakhstan would become a nationalist state promoting Kazakh identity over ethnic diversity. Potentially this could threaten peace and stability in a country with so many minorities, including a very large Russian community. The project will examine what role history teachers in Kazakhstan can play in ensuring that young people learn history in a reconciliatory rather than divisive manner. It will examine changes in the teaching of history with the implementation of a national educational policy in 1991, at three levels: 1) national discourse; 2) education policy; and 3) the micro-level of the classroom.

39. The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Kazakhstan Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everything from antiSemitism to Zionism. It includes a glossary, bibliography of web sites and books, biographies, articles, original http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/vjw/Kazakhstan.html

The Virtual Jewish History Tour Kazakhstan by Alden Oreck Jews in Kazakhstan have a relatively short history. While some Bukharian Jews from neighboring Uzbekistan have settled in Kazakhstan, the majority of Kazakh Jews are Ashkenazi , arriving as Russian army conscripts as early as the 17th century. No synagogues date back to this period; services were usually held in private homes. Under Communism, thousands of Jews were exiled by Stalin from the Pale of Settlement to Kazakhstan for practicing Judaism , most notably, Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, father of the late Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson . During World War Two, approximately 8,500 Holocaust -fleeing Jews settled in Kazakhstan. Today, between 12,000 and 30,000 Jews live in Kazakhstan. They are predominately Russian-speaking and identify with Russian culture. Approximately 2,000 are Bukharian and Tat (Caucasion Mountain Jews). Almaty is the main Jewish center of the country, with approximately 10,000. Smaller Jewish communities are spread out across this large country (four times the size of Texas) in places such as Karaganda, Chimkent, Astana, Semiplatinsk, Kokchetav, Dzhambul, Uralsk, Aktyubinsk, Petropavlovsk and several villages. The Chabad Community Center in Alamaty The Kazakh Jewish community is fairly stable and organized. More than 20 Jewish organizations, both secular and religious, currently work to improve Jewish religious and cultural life. The Mitzvah Association (an umbrella organization), Chabad Lubavitch, the Joint Distribution Committee and Jewish Agency for Israel are among the most visible. In December 1999, the All-Kazakhstan Jewish Congress was created to unify the Jewish communities of Kazakhstan. Many government officials, as well as the U.S. Ambassador attended the founding session.

40. Kazakstan History history of kazakhstan. http://www.countryreports.org/history/kazakhist.htm

History of Kazakhstan History Home Page CountryReports.org Subscription Discuss World Issues! Related Links: Ancient Land of Kazakhstan Historical Background Historical Setting Early Tribal Movements ... Sovereignty and Independence Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North

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