21. Minorities At Risk (MAR) populations include the Luo (13%), kalenjin (12%), and along with smaller groups of indigenous peoples such as Migrations of various peoples to the territory http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/kenluhya.htm

Luhya in Kenya Luhya population (1998 est): 3.97 million which is 14% of Kenya's population of 28.34 million. (Group and country population compiled from various sources.) Group type: communal contender Click here to view General Chronology Risk Assessment There is only one factor that increases the chances of future protest actions by the Luhya: significant political restrictions that include limits on free movement, voting, and recruitment to the police, military, and high political office. Low-level protest by group members only emerged in the late 1990s. The elections to choose a successor to Moi, scheduled for late 2002, will likely influence the group's political prospects. Analytic Summary More than forty ethnic groups comprise Kenya's population. While no single group forms a majority, the Luhya (14%) are the second largest group after the Kikuyu (22%). Other significant populations include the Luo (13%), Kalenjin (12%), and Kisii (6%) along with smaller groups of indigenous peoples such as the Somalis, Maasai, and Turkana. The term Luhya was first introduced during the colonial era to refer to a linguistic grouping that consists of fifteen different peoples (LANG = 1). They are the Bukusu, Dakho, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyala, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, and Wanga. The Luhya follow the same customs as the country's larger groups (CUSTOM = 0). Group members primarily live in the Western Province and adjacent areas of the Rift Valley Province. There has been little group movement across the country's regions (MIGRANT = 1).

22. News 2004 tribe, which belongs to the kalenjin group of of the International Decade of the World s indigenous People. africa Policy Outlook 2004 (January 29, 2004) Salih http://www.ogiek.org/news/index2004.htm

News 2004 The latest news articles are available on our News page. To receive the latest news and press releases about the Ogiek's struggle to retain their rights by e-mail, contact us using our Web form or send a blank e-mail to subscribe.ogiek@ecoterra.net Residents say no to forest project DAILY NATION - 24. May 2004 Loggers owe Sh32m, says forest boss (May 24, 2004) Defaulters told to pay up or face arrest An MP is among the people who owe the Government Sh32 million for forest materials bought on credit since 1998, a forestry official said yesterday. The Eldama Ravine Mp Mr Musa Sirma, owes more than Sh10 million for materials obtained on credit in Koibatek District, the Koibatek District Forest Officer, Mr Joshua Charana. Mr Sirma is a former District Forest Officer. We Say: No to APEC In Opposition to Free Market Globalization and Neo Colonialism (Mapuche Nation for the Self Determination of Indigenous Peoples and Nations) Mapuche Organizations and Regional Entities reject APEC summit in their ancestral territory - Contrary to the claims made by governments, businesses and transnational corporations about economic globalization, we do NOT understand globalization as a world of opportunity.

23. Africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, Ed. Brenda Randolph UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA africaN STUDIES CENTER. africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, ed. Brenda Randolph. Introduction. AUTHOR TITLE africaN AMERICAN LITERATURE VOICES IN A TRADITION. selections by some of africa's most outstanding writers the 20th century. africa's peoples and history are secondary and use patterns among indigenous South africans prior to http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Proceedings_Rev/afrik_access.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, ed. Brenda Randolph Introduction ISBN: 0-03-047424 Subjects: Africa/Literature/African Americans/Diaspora Review: This textbook on African American literature includes selections by some of Africa's most outstanding writers. Claude Ake, Buchi Emecheta, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Leopold Senghor, and Amos Tutuloa are among the writers included. In addition, there are two works from the past, a poem by Pharoah Akhenaton, and an excerpt from Olaudah Equiano's famous narrative on his capture and enslavement in the 1700s. These selections and others in the text are preceded by background notes and information on the literary form being highlighted. At the conclusion of each offering, a "Responding to the Selection" section provides a review of the material covered. Additional features include a map of Africa which shows the birthplaces of the contributors, a pronunciation guide for Igbo words, and splendid photographs, many of which are in color. This outstanding collection is a must purchase for all schools. (Brenda Randolph) Subjects: Folklore/Mpongwe/West Africa Subjects: Ethiopia/ East Africa Review: This book portrays contemporary Ethiopian life in most of its vital aspects. Unfortunately, much has changed that raise question marks, for example, Lenin's statue in Addis Ababa which was toppled with the fall of the Mengistu government. However, for the curious young reader that should not be a problem; helped by a knowledgeable teacher, the rest of the pictures can fill in some gap in the knowledge of young students about Africa. (Bereket Habte Selassie)

24. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Kenya - People Facts And Figures HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 2.5 million (2001 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ke/Kenya_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Currency Converter Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Kenya (Facts) Kenya - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.3% (male 6,609,904; female 6,461,945) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 8,900,615; female 8,766,698) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 389,918; female 510,011) (2003 est.) Population growth rate: 1.27% (2003 est.) Birth rate: 28.81 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 16.01 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 2001 Kenya was host to 220,000 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 145,000 and Sudan 68,000 (2003 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

25. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results societies); and the Maasai and kalenjin ageset the first century AD when the indigenous Cushitic-speaking and resembling the Cushitic-speaking peoples of the http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

26. Map & Graph: Africa:Countries By People: Ethnic Groups who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants Mozambique, indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11 http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro/AFR

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #60 Russia won the first World Air Games , held in Turkey in 1997. Events included hang-gliding, sky-surfing, and ballooning. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed

27. Africa.iafrica.com | Countryinfo | Kenya | People KENYA People. Ethnic groups Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba Religions Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7 http://africa.iafrica.com/countryinfo/kenya/people/

var fullhost = window.location.hostname; document.cookie = 'site_session=5;domain=' + fullhost + ';path=/;'; Communities: [ h o m e ] AFRICA NEWS Exchange Rates African Sites World Links Travel in Africa Thu, 10 Jun 2004 KENYA general geography people ... travel [Select country] Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Cent.Afr.Rep Chad Comoros Cote D'Ivoire DRC Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rep. of Congo Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa St Helena Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda W. Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Egypt Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Tunisia Zimbabwe You are in: Country Info Kenya People KENYA People Population: 28 808 658 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (male 6 244 321; female 6 104 181) 15-64 years: 54% (male 7 845 083; female 7 826 442) 65 years and over: 3% (male 343 449; female 445 182) (1999 est.)

28. Kenya - History And Politics process of subjugating the local indigenous peoples to colonial group to form the Kenya People’s Union to the current President, Daniel Arap Moi, a kalenjin. http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Kenya/Politics.html

Geographic Map General Information Geography Natural Resources ... KENYA History and Politics Constitution - adopted 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1997. Legal system - based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly (222 seats) Elections - last held December 1997 Pre-colonial history Colonisation Post Independence Multi-party democracy. International criticism of government behaviour developed into suspension of aid and support to Kenya. Within the state lawyers, religious groups and political leadership began to co-operate in demanding multi-party democracy. The combined pressures resulted in 1991 in the repeal by parliament of the constitutional clause making Kenya a one party state. The elections in 1992 saw opposition parties winning 88 of the 200 seats in parliament. The government continued to divide the opposition, to deploy state assets to promote its own party political agenda and to play the ethnic/regional division card to keep control. By the time of the 1997 elections the opposition had increased its share of the seats to 109 out of 222 seats, but remained hopelessly divided. Current Political Situation, 2001

29. AFRICA WATCH africa Watch Understanding election clashes in Kenya, 1992 The Kamba and kalenjin, the next ethnic group government that would give the indigenous people of the http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/8No4/AfricaWatch.html

Africa Watch Understanding election clashes in Kenya, 1992 and 1997 Lucy Mulli Institute for Security Studies INTRODUCTION This article focuses on two aspects of the Kenyan socio-political arena, and explains how these provide a useful setting for the President to manipulate the political process to his advantage. The first of these features may be described as a system of personal rule; the second as the ethnicisation of politics. These act as the context within which Moi, by instigating and exacerbating conflict, could and can control the political process. The argument is made here that, in so far as this continues to be the nature of politics in the country, Moi or any eventual successor, can choose to use the same means to retain political power virtually at will. CHRONOLOGY OF VIOLENCE During the course of the December 1992 elections, there was a lull in fighting after which conflict restarted and escalated, now encompassing the Molo, Narok, Pokot, Londiani, Elburgon and Burnt Forest areas of the Rift Valley. The perpetrators of this latest violence expanded to include the Maasai and Pokot ethnic groups. These attacks were aimed primarily at the Kikuyu. After another lull in fighting, there was renewed violence in March 1994. The Kalenjin again fought with the Kikuyu in the Rift Valley and Burnt Forest areas. This was followed by the forced eviction of Kikuyu by the Maasai in the Enoospukia region. In 1995, in the Mai Mahiu area of Naivasha, fighting broke out that left 300 000 people displaced.

30. The Scatterlings Of Africa HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 2.1 million (1999 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26 http://groups.msn.com/TheScatterlingsofAfrica/kenya.msnw

var nEditorialCatId = 232; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(''); Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help The Scatterlings of Africa TheScatterlingsofAfrica@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now Message Board Community Updates(new) ... Tools Kenya Geography Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 38 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 582,650 sq km land: 569,250 sq km water: 13,400 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of Nevada Land boundaries: total: 3,446 km border countries: Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km Coastline: 536 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior Terrain: low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m

31. Stephan Goes East-Africa Population 30,339,770 Capital city Nairobi People 22% Kikuyu Luhya, 13% Luo, 12% kalenjin, 11% Kamba Meru, 16% other Languages English, Swahili, indigenous. http://groups.msn.com/StephangoesEastAfrica/kenyafacts.msnw

var nEditorialCatId = 232; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(''); Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Stephan goes East-Africa StephangoesEastAfrica@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now Homepage Route67 Leave a message ... Tools The Swahili word safari (literally, journey) wouldn't mean much to most people if it wasn't for this East African adventure land. Revered by anthropologists as the 'cradle of humanity', Kenya is also the heart of African safari country, boasting the most diverse collection of wild animals on the continent. And no matter how many Tarzan movies you've seen, nothing will prepare you for the annual mass migration of wildebeests. Unfortunately the wildlife isn't confined to the countryside: petty crime in Kenya's urban centres qualifies as one of the country's few growth industries. Since any encounter with the police is likely to end with money changing hands, you'd have less chance of being fleeced if you strapped a gazelle to your safari suit and went jogging among a pride of lions. Still, if you're a little bit brave - and a little bit sensible - Kenya promises the globe's most magnificent game parks, unsullied beaches, thriving coral reefs, memorable mountainscapes and ancient Swahili cities. Just remember to leave your Rolex at home. Full country name: Republic of Kenya Area: 583,000 sq km

32. Kenya: Africa's Variety Show The region s indigenous populations are also affected need to know who is Kamba, Kikuyu or kalenjin though you is a strong sense in Lamu of a people proud of http://www.ivillage.co.uk/travel/inspiration/adventure/articles/0,,563219_570609

var cimsCid = ''; var cimsUid = '570609'; iv_hideTacoda = true; Search iVillage for: Home Join free Horoscopes Quizzes Related Channels: Relationships Food Parenting more ... You are here iVillage.co.uk travel inspiration adventure Resort guides City guides Book a holiday Book a flight ... Your traveller type Travel iVillage News more newsletters Travel home Kenya: Africa's variety show by David Simpson As a tourist destination, Kenya has had mixed fortunes. But one thing has remained constant: This country probably has a greater variety of high quality attractions than any other in Africa. But does it offer the right safari experience for you? advertisement Towards the end of the long overnight flight south from Europe the sun comes up over the horizon to illuminate the vastness of Africa below. I already have my nose glued to the window and as the plane creeps further south, I notice I am not the only passenger craning for a glimpse. By the time the jagged peaks of Mount Kenya sail past the excitement is palpable. We are nearly there. For the next hour or so the visitor is assailed by the contrasts which make Kenya one of the world's most interesting countries. As the plane sweeps south on its approach to Nairobi, one's eye flits from the parched, volcano-studded plains of the Rift Valley to the moist cloud-flecked slopes of the Aberdare massif and the lush Kikuyu highlands.

33. Islamic World.Net: Countries 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11 supporting the rights of the indigenous people whose Mau Nature Kenya The East africa Natural History Society http://islamic-world.net/countries/kenya.htm

Other Sections: H O M E Our Plan Our Policy Our Papers Parenting Sister's Page Muslim Youth Children's Page Shahadah Da'wah Khalifah Asphorism Islamic Books Islamic News Multimedia Countries Links Index Ask Scholar Search Engines Contact Us H O M E countries Country Facts GOV E D U ... General Country Facts Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Population: Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religions: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1% Languages: English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Area: total: 582,650 sq km, land: 569,250 sq km, water: 13,400 sq km Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower G O V top Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Kenya Meteorological Department ... Central Bank of Kenya E D U top University of Nairobi Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

34. A Nation In Distress Heads of Government meeting in Durban, South africa. a Nation where millions of indigenous people are unemployed Daniel arap Moi s own kalenjin community, are http://www.saxakali.com/africa/Kamau3.htm

A NATION IN DISTRESS Michael Mundia Kamau P.O. Box 17510, Nairobi, Kenya 13th November 1999 The tragedy of these and other actions is that they geared at sustaining the oligarchy that Kenya is and has been, and at most, shift control of the oligarchy. If parliament wanted to be of assistance to this country, then it would address the alarming revelation recently made by the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), of misappropriation of public funds to the tune of Kshs. 550 billion (approximately US $ 7.3 billion). These are funds that were meant to develop Kenya, but have been instead used to keep the oligarchy in power. As the vast majority of Kenyans hunger and despair, a tiny minority lives a life of luxury and opulence with tales of overseas holdings, such as apartments in New York city, hotels in France and Saudi Arabia, estates in Japan, and ranches in Australia. This can be described as nothing but evil. It is inconceivable how the minority in Kenya continues to live lives of unproductive luxury when the majority of Kenyans are unsure where their next meal will come from. Matters in Kenya are at a depressing stand still. It is no longer a question of if there will be a social upheaval, but when the social upheaval is going to occur. This is not merely a sensationalist statement, but one based on the current situation in the Nation as a whole. The populace is hungry, angry, and extremely agitated. The upheaval has already began in small doses going by the ongoing co-operative unrest in Nyeri, and the recent ejection of expatriates by Muhoroni sugar farmers. The rot has set in too deeply and our task is to limit the magnitude and consequences of an impending uprising. This is something of utmost alarm and concern because we will assault, attack, and destroy each other in frenzied acts of frustration and bitterness, before settling down and addressing the cause of our predicament.

35. G21 AFRICA - "The People's Voice" President would have wanted the people to believe remaining 10 per cent being indigenous Kenyans who that members of Moi s minority kalenjin community obtained http://www.g21.net/africa7.html

COVER -> G21 AFRICA The People's Voice Robert O'Doul G21 Irregular To read this article in Deutsch, Francaise, Italiano, Portuguese, Espanol , copy and paste the complete URL("http://www.g21.net/africa7.html") and enter it in the box after you click through. The World's Magazine: g21.net Event # 240: PUTTING OUT FIRE ... with gasoline AMERICAN DREAMS CARTOONS BY GASPIRTZ DAY ONE G21 Digital Internet Postcards ... VOX POPULI EVERYONE LOVES "RECOMMENDED DAILY REQUIREMENT" but can't find their favorite article. No More! Here's *another* link to the complete ARCHIVES G21 STUFF: We know. You want to let people know that you KNOW. So why not prove it by wearing a G21 t-shirt? Drink from a coffee mug that proclaims your allegiance to The World's Magazine. Thank you so much!!! LAST WEEK's EDITION MEET THE G-CREW ! These are the people behind this jam-band every week. AND there are GUIDELINES FOR YOU TO JOIN THE BAND... HOME Discover the MOIA Discussion List Among members of Kenya's most populous ethnic group, the Kikuyu (about 4 million out of a total population of about 30 million according to the 1999 census) the melodious refrain, " Kayu Kamuigi ... Kameme FM

36. Kenya (10/03) 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 11%, Kamba Asian, European, Arab 1%. Religions indigenous beliefs 10 Cushiticspeaking people from northern africa moved into http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2962.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of African Affairs October 2003 Background Note: Kenya PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Kenya Geography Area: 582,646 sq. km. (224,960 sq mi.); slightly smaller than Texas. Cities: Capital Nairobi (pop. 2.1 million). Other cities Mombasa (665,000), Kisumu (504,000), Nakuru (1.2 million). Terrain: Kenya rises from a low coastal plain on the Indian Ocean in a series of mountain ridges and plateaus which stand above 3,000 meters (9,000 ft.) in the center of the country. The Rift Valley bisects the country above Nairobi, opening up to a broad arid plain in the north. Mountain plains cover the south before descending to the shores of Lake Victoria in the west. Climate: Varies from the tropical south, west, and central regions to arid and semi-arid in the north and the northeast. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Kenyan(s). Population (1999 est.): 28.7 million. Annual growth rate (1996 est.): 2.4%. Ethnic groups: AfricanKikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 5%. Non-AfricanAsian, European, Arab 1%. Religions: Indigenous beliefs 10%, Protestant 40%, Roman Catholic 30%, Muslim 20%.

37. ThinkQuest : Library : The Global Relations Of The Many Nations Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11 mainland Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20 is the mother tongue of Bantu people living in http://library.thinkquest.org/18401/text/africa.html

Index The Global Relations of the Many Nations Throughout the world there are conflicts and issues that have wide-ranging effects. This site can help students understand some of these current events. For example, the religious situations in Afghanistan, Northern Ireland, or on the West Bankthis site covers them all and more. You even have the opportunity to voice your own opinions. Discover ways to get involved by visiting other links and learning more about global issues. Visit Site 1998 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students James Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Christopher Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Jeff Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Coaches Diane Windsor High School, Windsor, CT, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site. Privacy Policy

38. Kenya Ethnic Kikuyu 21 per cent, Luhya 14 per cent, Luo 12 per cent, kalenjin 11 per cent About 10 per cent of the people follow indigenous belief systems or http://213.131.178.162/Nations/Africa/Kenya/default.asp

Home The Games Nations Sports ... Oceania You are in: Nations Africa Kenya Basic facts The country Map Capital: Nairobi Area: 582,646 sq km; 224,961 sq miles Population: 29,250,541 (2000 Estimate) Urbanisation: Urban 31 per cent (1998 Estimate); Rural 69 per cent (1998 Estimate) Economy Exports: Tea, coffee, petroleum products, fruits, cement, soda ash Industry: Plastic, furniture, rubber, batteries, textiles, clothing, ceramics, cigarettes, flour; food processing, oil refining, cement, tourism Agriculture: Cash crops: coffee, tea; food products: maize, wheat, sugar cane, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs Currency: 1 Kenya shilling (Ksh), consisting of 100 cents Natural resources: Gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorite, garnets, wildlife The people Ethnic: Kikuyu 21 per cent, Luhya 14 per cent, Luo 12 per cent, Kalenjin 11 per cent, Kamba 11 per cent, Kisii 6 per cent, Meru 6 per cent, Other 19 per cent Language: English is an official language and is widely used for business and Government purposes. Kiswahili (also called Swahili) is the other official language and its use is promoted to encourage national unity. It was chosen as an official language because of its wide use within the country and because it shares linguistic roots with other Bantu languages spoken in Kenya-it is accessible to a major portion of the population. Most Kenyans speak the language or dialect of their ethnic group as well as Kiswahili and - except in remote areas - some English is also spoken.

39. John & Kernick - IP In Africa - Kenya - Fact Sheet HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS 2.1 Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11 English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages. http://www.johnandkernick.co.za/JK_IP_Africa/Kenya/JK_IPA_KE_FactSheet.htm

KENYA - FACT SHEET Background Revered president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when current President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. The country faces a period of political uncertainty because MOI is constitutionally required to step down at the next elections that have to be held by early 2003. Geography Location : Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Surface Area : 582,650 sq km (

40. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa triggered by the fear that the kalenjin would suffer if to deliver basic services to the people or foster bred opposition with a strong indigenous base (ethnic http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95mwaruvie.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 Political Party Cooperation in Post-election as Ethnic Tensions (Kenyan Case) John M. Mwaruvie History Department, Moi University P O Box 3900 Eldoret, Kenya ABSTRACT In most African states, general elections generate a lot of ethnic tensions. This is because most parties are ethnic-based or receive support from certain ethnic groups. When a party loses in an election, it is excluded from the government and the ethnic group that supported it suffers reprisals, its members are even victimized in the civil service, parastatals and other state backed institutions. This attitude has generated more tensions and conflicts. This paper attempts to give suggestions on how post-election tensions can be minimized in plural societies. Kenya will be taken to show that party cooperation between KANU, NDP and Ford Kenya has created coexistence of the ethnic groups that supported such parties. The paper also evaluates the impact of party cooperation in the future of multiparty politics in Kenya. The paper also draws examples from other countries like Zimbabwe and South Africa to show the merits of party cooperation in defusing would-be conflicts.

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