41. History Of Japan Major Events in Japanese history. Table of Contents. Finally, Mitsunari and Ieyasu broke out the greatest battle in Japanese history at Sekigahara . http://www2.kanawa.com/japan/history.html

Major Events in Japanese History Table of Contents The Asuka Era The Nara Era The Heian Era The Kamakura Era ... The Edo Era The Asuka Era The period from 592 to 710 is called ``the Asuka Era,'' because the capital was in Asuka district in the era. It was the cradletime for the imperial dynasty to establish its sovereignty. Buddhism was brought from China : 538 Buddhism was not only a religion but also a vast tome of deep knowledge about everything in those days. Japanese learn various knowledge from Chinese Buddhism priests. Buddhism was also a powerful weapon for court politics In the days of the house Soga , many people were converted to Buddhists. Taika no Kaishin : 645 In the early 6th century, a noble house Soga raised its power. They hold important posts in the government. At last, they began to intervene to imperial succession. They assassinated prince Yamashiro-no-Oe in 645. In this crisis, prince Naka-no-Oe allied with another noble Nakatomi-no-Kamatari , and broke a coup de tat in 645. They assassinated Soga-no-Iruka , the leader of house Soga, at a banquette. They prepared the coup de tat plan very well, and all members of the house Soga were deported soon. Today, the coup de tat was called ``Taika-no-Kaishin.''

42. H-Japan Discussion Network HNET.MSU.EDU . -, H-japan (E) Modern japanese history Workshop, June 4 H-japan Editor j-edit@MAIL.H-NET.MSU.EDU . -, H-japan (E) TC http://www.h-net.org/~japan/

home news about search ... H-SEASIA Search H-Japan Enter keyword(s) Search all H-Net Logs Welcome to H-Japan H-Net, Humanities-On-Line and the Kansai Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies (KIAPS) of Osaka University of Foreign Studies. It provides scholars, graduate students and professionals a free daily forum to discuss Japanese history, culture, religion, and society, including contemporary political, diplomatic, security, and economic issues. H-JAPAN (E): Japanese diacritics H-JAPAN (E): Super Japanese [Language] Web Sites WWW H-JAPAN (E): Survey for Japanese language teachers H-JAPAN (E): CFP: Asiatica Venetiana H-Announce: H-JAPAN (E): H-Net Job Guide - May 29, 2004 to June 5, 2004 H-JAPAN (E): Roundtable Key terms in Ethnographic Traditions Reviewer: Lawrence Fouraker Author: Sheldon H. Harris Title: Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American Cover-Up Social Sciences Online Send comments and questions to H-Japan Editors

43. Japanese History For Gay Men links 16japanese history The Founding Myth 17National Museum of japanese history Covers history of japan from prehistoric periods to modern times 18The http://www.geocities.co.jp/Berkeley/3508/japanesehistory.html

Japanese History For Gay Men There are divergence of views in fact. editor: momiji First edited on JANUARY 12, 2000 second revision on SEPTEMBER 17, 2000 Third revision on MAY 5, 2001 4th revision on JULY 9,2001 5th revision on SEPTEMBER 24,2001 6th revision on MAY 22,2002 7th revision on JUNE 23,2002 Thanks J.M. It is believed that the behaviors between a man and a man in Japan before Meiji-era was based on a commitment to spend their lives together, not on their sexual desire. We call the behaviors DANSHOKU or NANSHOKU in Japan, since most of them are not male homosexuality from historical records of the past. Introduction to queer Japan Independence: 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu) 1) Very young boy-male "homosexuality" stage(ancient-Kamakura period): Male "homosexuality" is supposed that it was from ancient times in Japan. Since introduction of Buddhism into Japan, Buddhist priests have achieved a dominant place in respect of culture and politics. They lived in a steep mountains zone isolated with a society, and developed their original sexual custom by themselves. Also, an aristocrat the governing classes was influenced of a priest of high virtue, and male "homosexuality" progressed from the last stage of Heian period when an appearance of samurai as a guard. In the place isolated from a society like a battlefield, a female is absent and their original society was made by samurai. Since the samurai was seriously influenced of Buddhism or they served for the aristocrats, they inherited priests' custom as it was, and spread the custom further. They love about 10-16,17-year-old boy who were called "TIGO" and "KATTUJIKI or KATSUJIKI". Their hairstyle and clothes seemed to be girls'.

44. Examining The Japanese History Textbook Controversies | Japan Digest Third, japan s history textbooks have for years come under the scrutiny of japan s past adversaries, its Asian neighbors. Together http://www.indiana.edu/~japan/Digests/textbook.html

Japan Digest National Clearinghouse for U.S.-Japan Studies Indiana University Contents The Importance of History Textbooks in Japan and the United States Background on the Japan Textbook Controversies The Current Situation Lessons for Americans ... Sources Kathleen Woods Masalski is the Projects Director for the Five College Center for East Asian Studies and the 2000 recipient of the John E. Thayer III Award for a lifetime of work furthering understanding between the U.S. and Japan. This Japan Digest was made possible through the generous support of the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership. Examining the Japanese History Textbook Controversies Kathleen Woods Masalski November 2001 Textbooks with individuality are multi-dimensional; they are pluralistic; a pluralism must permeate them that allows teachers in the classroom to select what is most suitable for their own use. –Ienaga Saburo, Court testimony, 1969.(1)

45. Japan In World History | National Clearinghouse For U.S.-Japan Studies japan in World history japanese Feudalism Meiji japan 20th Century japan history through Film. The Seclusion of japan ~AP World history, 14501750. http://www.indiana.edu/~japan/iguides/whistory.html

Internet Guide Current as of September 2002 Japan in World History Japanese Feudalism Meiji Japan 20th Century Japan History through Film National Clearinghouse for U.S.-Japan Studies Made possible through the generous support of the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership Home U.S.-Japan Database Lesson Plans Japan Digests Internet Guides ... Today in Japanese History From the UCLA Center for East Asian Studies Teaching about Japan pages. This calendar, with links to important dates in Japanese history, is designed to encourage discussion and further research on historical events. Ancient Japan From Washington State University's World Civilizations: An Internet Classroom and Anthology. Ancient Japan by Richard Hooker is a "learning module in the form of a 'research textbook'." The site covers from the Yayoi period (400 B.C.E.-250 C.E.) through the Heian period (794-1185), including sections on early Japanese Buddhism and early Japanese culture. Other resources available from site are an art gallery, timeline, readings in Japanese culture, and a short glossary of Japanese terms and concepts. From Columbia University's East Asian Curriculum Project Contemporary Japan: A Teaching Workbook.

46. Rekishi-Kaido_home A Bridge to japanese history and Culture What do you know about japan, besides the names of japanese companies and products? The objective of the Rekishi http://www.kiis.or.jp/rekishi/kaido-e.html

Kansai Institute of Information Systems (KIIS) helps promote the Rekishi Kaido (historic route) project by providing a database for historic cultural resources in and around the Kansai region through web pages Kansai Digital Archives. These pages are expected to encourage cultural activities and the use of advanced information technology, contributing to revitalization of the region. Presented by What is Rekishi Kaido? -A Bridge to Japanese History and Culture- "What do you know about Japan, besides the names of Japanese companies and products?" The objective of the Rekishi Kaido project is to provide people in and outside Japan with a facility to access a wide variety of historic cultural resou rces in and around the Kansai region by designating a main route and several theme routes. Cooperation among the region's different communities is promot ed to implement the project with three goals: creating a base for transmitting information on Japanese culture; creating a new leisure area; and enhancing the quality of local communities through maximum utilization of their cul tural heritages. The main route (Ise-Asuka-Nara-Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe) involves f ive areas representing five different periods of Japanese history. The them e routes are based on local cultural heritages available in the six prefectu res in the Kansai region (Shiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara and Wakayama), and two neighboring prefectures (Mie and Fukui). Since the opening of the Rekishi Kaido web pages in 1994, information on the region's cultural and historical assets associated with the Rekishi Kaido project has been provided to people in and outside Japan through the Internet.

47. Search By Route This journey, steeped in history, passes the ruins of Azuchi Castle where Oda Nobunaga gave the order to subjugate japan by force of arms. http://www.kiis.or.jp/rekishi/route-e.html

Search on the map Search by history Search by keyword The Main Route and the Theme Routes In the Rekishi Kaido projects, one main route and eight theme routes are designated. The main route allows tourists to trace Japanese history through visits to various historic cities and each of the theme routes has a specific theme. The Main Route of the Rekishi Kaido takes you on a journey through the scenes of Japanese history, period by period. The Ancient Times Area includes Ise, home of Japan's kinari culture, or love for natural, unadorned materials, and Asuka, where the foundations of the state in ancient times were built. Then there is the Nara Period Area around Nara, the final destination of the Silk Road. The Heian Period to Muromachi Period Area is centered on Kyoto, the city in which Japan's unique culture came to maturity. Next comes the Warring Period to Edo Period Area which covers the time from the decisive battle at the Tenno-zan Hill to the flourishing of Genroku culture in Osaka. Finally, the Modern Period Area is represented by Kobe, which symbolizes the international exchanges which have taken place between Japan and the rest of the world since the Meiji Period ( 1868-). The journey is a 300 km trip through time from the Ancient Times to the Modern Period. Ise Meiwa Nabari Murou Haibara Sakurai Asuka Kashihara ... Nara Kizu Yamashiro Kamo Kasagi Ide Joyo Kyotanabe Ujitawata Uji Yawata Kyoto Mukou Nagaokakyo Oyamazaki Hirakata Osaka Amagasaki Toyonaka Minoh Ikeda Nishinomiya Kawanishi Itami Takarazuka Kobe

48. JP NET Kimono Hypertext: Introduction Kimono styles have changed significantly from one period of japan s history to another, and today there are many different types of kimono worn by men, women http://web.mit.edu/jpnet/kimono/

JP NET Kimono Hypertext A History of Kimono A Man's Kimono A Woman's Kimono A Child's Kimono The kimono is the traditional clothing of Japan. Kimono styles have changed significantly from one period of Japan's history to another, and today there are many different types of kimono worn by men, women, and children. The cut, color, fabric, and decorations of a kimono may vary according to the sex, age, and marital status of the wearer, the season of the year, and the occasion for which the kimono is worn. The large image above is a clickable map - just click on one of the regions to read that section. Or, select this "Next" button to step through the text sequentially. More help on using the Kimono Hypertext is also available. JP NET is grateful to the Hakubi Kimono School Hakubi Kyoto Kimono Gakuin How to use the Kimono Hypertext Kimono Hypertext Credits ... JP NET Home Date last modified: 12-Oct-1999

49. Introduction To History Of Japan's Literature history of japan s Literature. This page is based on japan A Pocket Guide, 1996 Edition (Foreign Press Center). http://www.kanzaki.com/jinfo/jliterature.html

Help and Status info Japan Music Internet ... Computer History of Japan's Literature This page is based on Japan: A Pocket Guide, 1996 Edition (Foreign Press Center) Performing art Fine art Literature Nara Period Japanese literature traces its beginnings to oral traditions that were first recorded in written form in the early eighth century after a writing system was introduced from China. The Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (Chronicle of Japan) were completed in and , respectively, as government projects. The former is an anthology of myths, legends, and other stories , while the latter is a chronological record of history . The Fudoki (Records of Wind and Earth), compiled by provincial officials beginning in describe the history, geography, products, and folklore of the various provinces The most brilliant literary product of this period was the Man'yoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), an anthology of 4,500 poems composed by people ranging from unknown commoners to emperors and compiled around . Already emerging was a verse form comprising 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7) known as tanka. In the Kokin wakashu or Kokinshu (Collection of Poems from Ancient and Modern Times) was published as the first poetry anthology commissioned by an emperor; its preface paid high tribute to the vast possibilities of literature

50. Japanese War Crimes japanese history, japanese war crimes, Nanjing Massacre,japanese culture,Sinojapan war. japanese denial and distortion of history. http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/

For our common humanity What experience and history teach is this That people and government never have learned anything from history, or acted on the principles deduced from it. - G.W.F. Hegel, Philosophy of History This page is for the memorial of the victims of the Japanese atrocities in the Second Sino-Japan War and their families, and for Justice and Peace, and for our humanity. History we shall never forget (China: 1931-1945) In its 14-year aggression war against China, Japanese army and Japanese civilians murdered over 30 million Chinese civilians, including women and children, in the most brutal fashion. Remember Nanjing: December 1937 Feburary 1938 Today of 60 years ago, many died in their pains and cries. Men, women, children, were killed with bayonets, swords, bamboo sticks... their bodies sexually mutilated. They were murdered by the Japanese Monsters of Frankeinstein (japmof), in the beautiful ancient city of Nanjing, China. In that winter, at Nanjing, Japanese army massacred over 300,000 civilians and POWs, raped at least 20,000 women. Other Japanese Crimes Against Humanity A US pilot beheaded by Japanese AFTER the Japanese emperor annouced surrender.

51. Edo Japan, A Virtual Tour Take a tour through Tokyo during the period of the Tokugawa shoguns, and learn about the history of japan's greatest city. Illustrated by ukiyoe images, the text discusses the traditions that underlie japanese culture. http://www.us-japan.org/edomatsu/

Welcome to Edo Edo is the ancient name for Tokyo. During the reign of the Tokugawa Shoguns, Japan's emperor reigned in secluded majesty at the imperial capital in Kyoto; however, the true center of power, government, the economy and social life was Edo , where the Shogun lived and ruled the country. For most people in Japan, Edo is more than just a historical city. It also has a symbolic image and meaning. It represents nearly everything that they consider a part of their "traditional" culture. For the Japanese, Edo has a romantic image that one could compare to the Italian's image of Renaissance Venice, the British image of Victorian London and the American image of the Wild West, all rolled into one. This website is designed to take you exploring in Edo . Hopefully it will offer not only some enjoyment, but also some insights into the source of "traditional Japan". Although modern Tokyo may look very "Western" on the surface, in its heart the spirit of Edo still lives on! This site is continuously growing and expanding, with the addition of new pages on various parts of the city. Bookmark this page and visit often. New towns, new sounds and graphics, and new information on historical Edo will be added on a regular basis. Special thanks to The Japan-America Society for co-hosting this website.

52. JAPAN Williams (18981987), photographs, programmes and other papers relating primarily to japanese history and society, and foreign communities and clubs in japan. http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/japan/

General Information Japan from an Anthropological Perspective An analytical text divided into three sections: Geography and History, Culture and Society, and Contemporary Issues. Stanford Guide to Japan Information. Web Portal for information about a variety of Japan related subjects. History and Culture Papers of Harold S. Williams (1898-1987) "The National L ibrary holds the Harold S. Williams C o llection, an extensi ve library of books, manuscripts, pictures and other materials dealing particularly with foreign settlement in Japan. These papers include subject files, correspondence, scrapbooks, articles, lectures, notes, drafts of works by Williams (1898-1987), photographs, programmes and other papers relating primarily to Japanese history and society, and foreign communities and clubs in Japan. An article about H arold Williams and his Collection is also available." Nixi Cura's Personal Web Page Information on symposia, conferenc e s, and other events of i n terest to g r aduate students of Chinese and Japanese art history. Page established in Ma y 1996, and updated roughly once a month.

53. X JAPAN Unofficial English Mirror Official Site translated to English. News, history, audio clips, and links. http://members.tripod.com/xjapanmirror

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" X Japan Unofficial English Mirror. Official Site last mirrored on November 8, 2001. X Japan Official Site (Japanese)

54. Japan Omnibus - History - Early Japanese History Links, Top. The National Museum of Japanese history site has an English page but the Japanese page is better. Sign up for our free newsletter. http://www.japan-zone.com/omnibus/history1.shtml

Home Quizzes Sports Quiz 1 Sports Quiz 2 History Quiz General Climate Sightseeing Tokyo Kyoto Hokkaido Tohoku Area ... Okinawa Sports Baseball Soccer Sumo Martial Arts ... Other Sports History Early History Edo ~ Meiji Period 20th Century Religion Shinto Buddhism Other Religions Shrines ... Zen Gardens Politics Government Political Parties Prime Ministers (1885-) Search: Topsites Japan Although legend has it that Japan was founded in 660BC, archaeologists agree that settlement in the Japanese archpelago dates back as far as 100,000 years. The Jomon Period (8000~c.300BC) is the earliest that has been studied. It is named after the 'jomon' or cord-marked pattern style of pottery of the period. Evidence suggests the people may have had links with South East Asia at that time. Agricultural development began in the Yayoi Period (300BC~3rd century AD), with the appearance of bronze and iron tools and ornaments. The division of labour resulting from the development of tools strengthened the ruling/subject class system. The country was made up of many small states but was unified under the Yamato clan early in the Kofun Period (c.300~710). The region known as Yamato is modern-day Nara Prefecture.

55. Japan Travel Guide, Japanese Popular Culture, History And Japanese Etiquette japan travel guide, offering information on japanese popular culture, the history of japanese culture, etiquette and relocation information it s all here at http://www.japan-zone.com/

Japan travel guide, information on Japan and Japanese culture. Japan Store Books, CDs, DVDs, VHS Geisha Fans Folding Screens Japanese Design ... Baseball Goods Cultural Japan Entertainment Kabuki Noh Bunraku Instruments Arts Tea Ceremony Ukiyoe Ikebana Bonsai ... Modern Literature Royalty Imperial Family Calendar Festivals Annual Events Four Seasons Costume Kimono Footwear Basics Dishes ... Alcohol Modern Japan Entertainment Movies Movie Posters TV Comedy Yoshimoto ... Pachinko Famous people Directors Actors TV Stars Comedians ... Politicians Japan Inc Economy Global 500 A - F G - L ... T - Z New to Japan General Visas Accommodation Welfare Transport ... Meeting People Language Alphabets Kanji Useful Expressions New Japanese Employment Working Teaching Find a Job Japan Omnibus Geography Climate Sightseeing Tokyo Kyoto Hokkaido Tohoku ... Okinawa Sports Baseball Soccer Sumo Martial Arts ... Others History Early Medieval Modern Religion Shinto Buddhism Others Shrines ... Zen Gardens Politics Government Parties Prime Ministers Japan Gallery Landmark Nature People Scenery ... Miscellaneous JapanBloggers Webring Ring Home Search this site Features: News Headlines Japanese Newspapers Latest Weather Currency Converter ... Sign up for the FREE Japan Zone Newsletter The time in: Hawaii Los Angeles Chicago New York Brasilia London Berlin Paris Milano Israel New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Hong Kong Singapore Tokyo Seoul Canberra Guam Thursday, 10th June 2004

56. Japan Photo Gallery :: People & Faces In Japan's History People Faces in japan s history, Military Government history, • Flags of japan, • Maps of japan, • Around Shinjuku station. http://www.japan-101.com/gallery/history_people

Your single best source for facts and information about Japan You are browsing the Japan Photo Gallery - Choose an article category to learn more or see list of photo albums below Home Anime Art Business ... Shopping 157 images in this album on 18 pages [login] Gallery: Japan Photo Gallery Young athletes Mountain hut Children with baskets Traditional costumes Woman in kimono 1943 hairstyle Aino men Tea ceremony Silkworm sorting Gallery: Japan Photo Gallery Powered by Gallery Japanese Shoji Screens Japanese Furniture, Silk Paintings, Japanese Lanterns, Asian Art, Korean Furniture, Lacquer Furniture, Rosewood Furniture. Japan Classified Ads The world's finest hobby kits and toys, direct from Japan. Plastic Models, Transforming Toys, Action Figures, Anime Merchandise. Vintage Kimono Few things make a bigger statement in Japanese culture than a Kimono. Not only worn as an article of clothing, but to tell a story. Japan Photo Gallery Albums I Contributor's Showcase Japanese Gardens Costume Girls ... Tokyo Arcade Machines Website design, graphics, and concept © 2003 Japan-101.com Japan-101 is proud to be pop-up-free. Stop pop-ups with the

57. Karate-shotokan Karate-Japan Karate Association Of Australia (JKA) Pty Ltd Takahashi's Australian branch of the JKA. Includes information on the organization, karate history, competition rules, dojo locations, contact details and events. http://www.jkaaus.com

Japan Karate Association of Australia (JKA) Pty Ltd ACN: 097 014 214 ABN: 86 097 014 214 Takahashi Sensei Chief Instructor Dojo Kun 1. Seek Perfection of Character 2. Be Faithful 3. Endeavour 4. Respect Others 5. Refrain From Violent Behaviour Best viewed in screen size 800 x 600 Last updated 26 May 2004 Webmaster Keith Knudson

58. Japan's History - Page 1 Of 6 You are here japan s history, Life in japan made easy Click to see how! japan Article Categories. ? Culture Traditions. ? history Events. http://www.japan-101.com/index_history.htm

Your single best source for facts and information about Japan Japan's History Shop Japan at: Japan Shopping Guide Japan-Stores.com - New Site! Japan Classified Ads Back Home Next Japan Article Categories Geography Language Search Advanced search Japan-101 Top Links Japanese Shoji Screens Japanese Furniture, Silk Paintings, Japanese Lanterns, Asian Art, Korean Furniture, Lacquer Furniture, Rosewood Furniture. Vintage Kimono Few things make a bigger statement in Japanese culture than a Kimono. Not only worn as an article of clothing, but to tell a story. Japan Classified Ads The world's finest hobby kits and toys, direct from Japan. Plastic Models, Transforming Toys, Action Figures, Anime Merchandise. Japanese Gifts Japanese culture-related items at reasonable prices. Kimonos, Yukatas, Folding Fans, Geta Sandals, Hanko Stamps, Lanterns. Points of Interest Japan Shopping Guide Japan Photo Albums Recommended Reading Japan search for your website ... Free promotion / Paid advertising Japan's History - Page 1 History Page 1 History Page 2 History Page 3 -General History -Historical Periods -Military -Government History Page 4 History Page 5 History Page 6 -World War II General History Japan's History - Complete Overview Japan's History - Complete Timleline WWI to WWII - Japan's History First contact with the west - Japan's History ... Hanshin Earthquake - Hyogo Japan, January 17, 1995

59. Ancient Japan Timeline 57 AD, First mention of japan in historical writing (Chinese history). 712, Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), the first japanese history. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/TIMELINE.HTM

BC Jomon Period BC Incipient Jomon BC Initial Jomon BC Early Jomon BC Middle Jomon BC Late Jomon BC FinalJomon BC AD Yayoi Period AD First mention of Japan in historical writing (Chinese history) Founding of the Great Shrine of Ise Kufun or Yamato Period Introduction of Buddhism into Japan Asuka Period , named after the Asukadera temple in Asuka Empress Suiko; Prince Shotoku serves as regent The Seventeen Article Constitution of Prince Shotoku The Taika Reform Hakuho Period : begins after the Taika Reform Nara (or Tenpyo) Period Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), the first Japanese history Nihongi ... Saicho founds the Enryaku-ji (temple) on Mt. Hiei Ennin, founder of Tendai Buddhism in Japan Heian Period Capital of Japan moved to Heian-kyo Early Heian Period Final compilation of the Manyoshu (Ten Thousand Leaves Collection), the first collection of Japanese poetry Kukai founds the Koya-san monastery Journey of Ennin to China; on his return, he introduces Tendai Buddhism into Japan Kuya; introduced Amida Buddhism into Japan Taketori monogatari (Tale of the Bamboo Cutter); first Japanese

60. Feudal Japan: The Heiji War This was a turning point in Japanese history, for the power to determine the affairs of the state had clearly passed to the warrior clans and their massive http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/FEUJAPAN/HEIJI.HTM

shoen ) and began to support large standing armies, mainly because the Heian government began to rely more on these private armies than on their own weak forces. The result was an exponential growth in the power of the two greatest warrior clans, the Taira (or the Heike) and the Minamoto (or the Genji). The Genji controlled most of eastern Japan; the Heike had power in both eastern and western Japan. of the capital came close to a military take-over of the Japanese government. Meanwhile, Minamoto Yoritomo began to build up strength and finally seized control of the whole of eastern Japan. In 1185, he overran the Taira and forced them out of the capital. This war, and its aftermath, deeply affected the course of Japanese history. For Minamoto Taira then set up an alternative government in Kamakura (about thirty miles south of Tokyo); he called his alternative government, bakufu , or "tent government," in contrast to the civil government of the Emperor located in Kyoto. This was a military government; it had two branches, one that administered the warriors or samurai , and the other that judged legal suits. The Kamakura military leader ruled as a

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