101. City Planning System Of The Ancient Bohai (Parhae) State (Summary) Using Corona satellite photos, Noboru Ogata, Kyoto University japan, studied city plans of an ancient kingdom which existed in northeastern China (7th 10th century AD). http://www.users.kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~p51987/Bohai/summary-E.html

Japanese A Study of the City Planning System of the Ancient Bohai State Using Satellite Photos (Summary) Noboru Ogata This paper examines the city planning system of the ancient Bohai State using recently declassified intelligence satellite (CORONA satellite) photos acquired in the 1960's by the United States. Based on the reconstructions made in my recent report, I tried to make clear some principles shared by those city planning. It is also intended to prove the usefulness of satellite images in historico-geographical and archaeological applications. The Bohai State was a kingdom which existed from 698 AD to 926 AD in the northeastern part of today's China ( Fig. 1 ). It was formed by the Tungusic people in association with refugees from Koguryo, which had fallen in 668. It actively imported Chinese culture and political system and boasted high standard of civilization. While bringing tribute to Tang China, it dispatched envoys to Japan many times across the sea. Since records by Bohai itself had been lost, we can only obtain a glimpse of its prosperity through Chinese histories and records in Japan concerning envoys as well as archaeological evidence. Xin-Tang-shu

102. Astronomy Sites In Kyoto ancient Astronomy and Geomancy in Kyoto, japan. By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/kyoto.htm

Ancient Astronomy and Geomancy in Kyoto, Japan By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara March, 1997 (Material Added January, 2001) Unless otherwise noted, all Photographs by Steve Renshaw One can quickly become overwhelmed by the large number of treasures related to Kyoto's historical past. Indeed, weeks can be spent in this ancient city absorbing history which dates back some 1000 years. Unfortunately, few relics or sites remain which highlight Kyoto's place as an astronomical center. However, the visitor can still get a sense of ancient Chinese "Astronomy" and Geomancy at work in the city's layout. A traveler who has become confused amidst what seem to be randomly meandering streets in most cities of Japan may be pleasantly surprised when setting foot in Kyoto. In this city, like Nara to the south, thoroughfares are laid out in (at least to "Western" eyes) a more familiar grid of north-south avenues and east-west streets. The reason for this pattern is, of course, due to the fact that both Kyoto and Nara were once the sites of huge palace complexes laid out in Classic Chinese Geomancy during Japan's first and rather lengthy exchange with Chinese and Korean "scholars". Grid of Heian Kyo. Only east-west street names remain in modern Kyoto, though one can get an idea of the original layout by noting the landmarks in areas denoted in English. (Adapted from

103. Ch'an Masters: Patriarchs And Other Great Zen Masters Of Ancient China Teachings of the great masters of sudden illumination in ancient China the forerunners of Zen in japan. http://www.selfdiscoveryportal.com/ChanMasters.htm

Portal home page PSI Group Meditation TAT ... Site Search The Teachings of Sudden Illumination By the CH'AN MASTERS in ancient China Seng-Ts'an: The Mind of Absolute Trust Hui-neng: The Platform Sutra Hui Hai: On Sudden Illumination Huang Po: The Transmission of Mind ... Bodhidharma , "Barbarian from the West" Other Ch'an Masters The Diamond Sutra , simplified Chinese Pronunciation Guide Sanskrit Glossary and Pronunciation Guide Return to Self-Discovery Portal Bodhidharma is credited with bringing Gautama Buddha's teaching on sudden illumination from India to China circa 530 AD. Hui-neng identified him as the twenty-eighth patriarch or successor to the transmission of the dharma (teaching, law, way) descending from Gautama Buddha, and the first patriarch in China. After Bodhidharma came Hui K'o, who was succeeded by Seng-Ts'an, Tao-hsin, Hung-jen, and then Hui-neng. These six men are considered the Grand Masters or Patriarchs of Ch'an. By the time Hui-neng became enlightened, the dhyana (meditation) sect had already split into two branches, with the school in northern China, and its teaching that the process of enlightenment is gradual, flourishing for a while under royal patronage. After Hui-neng's death in 713 AD the southern school, with its emphasis on sudden illumination, continued to be very active. Among those Ch'an-na (Chinese pronunciation of

104. ZX Empire A European wholesaler and retailer specializing in the Neo Retro from japan and the USA, including a variety of Accessories, Watches, Temporary Tattoos, and deluxe Kits in the Neo- ancient tradition of Henna. Based in Amsterdam. http://www.zxempire.com/

105. The Metropolitan Museum Of Art - Works Of Art The Met's collection of Asian art, consisting of paintings, prints, calligraphy, sculptures, metal works, and lacquers from ancient to modern China, japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/department.asp?dep=6

106. The Official I.J. Parker Web Site Information about the author's novels, stories and characters, as well as background on ancient japan. http://www.ijparker.com/

"Parker has created a wonderful protagonist in Akitada, who, bound by tradition, finds himself in conflict with his benevolent nature. Her ancillary characters... are as vividly drawn." BOSTON GLOBE ( Review of HELL SCREEN "Parker has crafted another exotic and compelling mystery set in eleventh-century Japan and featuring government official and sometime detective Akitada Sugawara" BOOKLIST ( Review of HELL SCREEN "A wealth of colorful detail artistic, social, historical, and personal breathes life into an excellent historical." LIBRARY JOURNAL (Review of HELL SCREEN) "Parker's remarkable command of 11th-century Japanese history from the rituals of the royal court to the minutiae of daily life within Japan's often rigid caste system makes for an excellent whodunit." PUBLISHER'S WEEKLY (Starred Review of HELL SCREEN) "The Hell Screen, by I. J. Parker - Eleventh-century Japanese sleuth Akitada faces family turmoil and multiple mysteries in a richly appointed historical yarn. "

107. Kaleidoscope**free Clip Arts Features clip art with a theme of ancient japan that anyone can use. http://park19.wakwak.com/~kaleido/index-e2.html

Japanese Index W e l c o m e to C l i p a r t s o f a n c i e n t J a p a n INDEX Theme Umeblossom 6 page Kabuto 2 page Tsuba 1 page Shop signs 1 page Japanese tradition 11 page Background 3 page Line 1 page treasure box 1 page Japanese pattern 3 page Seal impression 3 page from Kaleido Graphics * It's mean transparent background. HOME

108. Odd Japanology Includes quizzes about japan as well as lists of japanese heroes and heroines, from ancient gods to Nomo and Ichiro. http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~NW6E-MTMR/japan/japan_e.htm

Quizzes on Japan What degree are you pro-Japanese? Decchi course (Level of fundamental) Rounin course (Level of friend) Sennin course (Level of soul) How many Japanese do you know? Index of hero/ines Fictional hero/ine Historical hero/ine Ancient times - Heian period ... Contemporary hero/ine

109. A Guide To Kamakura Guide to the ancient capital of japan with old temples and shrines, accessible in one hour from Tokyo. http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~QM9T-KNDU/

Last updated: May 12, 2004) The ancient capital of Japan replete with old temples and shrines accessible in one hour by train from Tokyo Station Introduction Access Guide What's New History Buddhism ... Weather Ofuna Station Jorakuji Kita-Kamakura Station Ofuna Kan'non Chojuji Ryuhoji Engakuji ... Tokeiji Northwest of Kamakura Station Northeast of Kamakura Station Eishoji Daigyoji Jokomyoji Egara Tenjin Shrine ... Zuisenji Southwest of Kamakura Station Southeast of Kamakura Station Amanawa Jinja Shrine Ankokuronji Gokurakuji An-yo-in ... mailto:prunus@sakura.email.ne.jp Notes: To avoid confusion, all personal names appearing in the text are shown, regardless of era, in order of given names first, family names last. Japanese do not have middle names. Important Cultural Assets (ICAs) are those that are designated by the national government unless otherwise specified. (Grade Level: 9-12+) http://www.studyweb.com/ Installed May 5, 2002

110. CNN.com - Ancient Rites For Japan's Royal Newborn - December 1, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/12/01/japan.rites/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Ancient rites for Japan's royal newborn Proud parents: Japan's royals are keen followers of tradition TOKYO, Japan (Reuters) Japan's newest royal, a girl born to Crown Princess Masako on Saturday, got her first taste of the life of ritual and official duties that lie ahead when the emperor presented the infant with a ceremonial samurai sword. Below is a list of some of the main ceremonies that lie ahead. DAY OF BIRTH: The emperor presents the baby with a ceremonial samurai sword made by one of Japan's most famous swordsmiths. As a girl, she also gets a hakama, a ceremonial skirt that was once part of traditional court dress for women. SEVENTH DAY: The baby is ritually bathed in a cedar tub by a courtier while auspicious texts, written in classic Chinese literary style and wishing the baby good health and fortune, are read aloud and other courtiers pluck wooden bows to ward off evil spirits. On the same day, a courtier goes to the Crown Prince's palace and informs him what name has been chosen for the baby by the Emperor, whose duty it is to choose the names for his eldest son's children. The baby's birth and name are then formally announced at three Shinto shrines on the imperial palace grounds.

111. Yoshio Kurahashi As a solo player, he is schooled in the ancient zen Buddhist 'honkyoku' solo music, which originated in the temples of old japan as long ago as 700 years. Biography, schedule, recordings. http://mujuan.home.mindspring.com/

Home l Schedule l Biography ... Ichijo Kobayashi Y oshio Kurahashi is one of Japan's great Master Shakuhachi flute players. He has been with this beautiful and evocative bamboo instrument for more than 40 years. His father, also a famous shakuhachi player, was his first teacher as a young boy and Kurahashi-sensei eventually became head of his father's dojo: Mujuan dojo. In a career spanning 30 years, Yoshio Kurahashi has garnered esteem and accolades from the four corners of the traditional Japanese music world. He is recognised both in Japan and in many countries abroad as a genteel ambassador of shakuhachi and Japanese hogaku traditional music in general. He regularly performs at major concert venues in the USA and his travels and teaching take him all over the world, as far as Israel, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Singapore and Canada. His recordings have won awards and he has appeared often on television in Japan. As a solo player, Yoshio Kurahashi is deeply schooled in the ancient zen Buddhist 'honkyoku' solo music, which originated in the temples of old Japan as long ago as 700 years. His repertoire includes the classical ensemble music of the Edo period and newly written pieces for shakuhachi and other instruments such as Chinese pipa. He has also premiered and showcased some of the most exciting music written for shakuhachi this century. Kurahashi regularly travels outside of Japan, actively promoting shakuhachi and teaching students of many nationalities around the world.

112. SHINTO The Kojiki (Record of ancient Matters). The Jinno Shotoki (a study of Shinto and Japanese politics and history) written in the 14th century. http://www.religioustolerance.org/shinto.htm

SHINTO Click below to visit our sponsors. Brief history of Shinto: Shinto is an ancient Japanese religion. Starting about 500 BCE (or earlier) it was originally "an amorphous mix of nature worship, fertility cults, divination techniques, hero worship, and shamanism." Its name was derived from the Chinese words " shin tao " ( "The Way of the Gods" ) in the 8th Century CE. At that time: The Yamato dynasty consolidated its rule over most of Japan. Divine origins were ascribed to the imperial family. Shinto established itself as an official religion of Japan, along with Buddhism The complete separation of Japanese religion from politics did not occur until just after World War II. The Emperor was forced by the American army to renounce his divinity at that time. Unlike most other religions, Shinto has no real founder, no written scriptures, no body of religious law, and only a very loosely-organized priesthood. Shinto beliefs: Shinto creation stories tell of the history and lives of the "Kami" (deities). Among them was a divine couple, Izanagi-no-mikoto and Izanami-no-mikoto, who gave birth to the Japanese islands. Their children became the deities of the various Japanese clans. Amaterasu Omikami (Sun Goddess) was one of their daughters. She is the ancestress of the Imperial Family and is regarded as the chief deity. Her shrine is at Ise. Her descendants unified the country. Her brother, Susano came down from heaven and roamed throughout the earth. He is famous for killing a great evil serpent.

113. CNN - The Soothing Scents Of 'Kohdoh' -- Japan's Ancient Incense Ritual - Januar CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9901/08/japan.incense/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: The soothing scents of 'Kohdoh' Japan's ancient incense ritual A Japanese woman holds incense during a traditional ceremony January 8, 1999 Web posted at: 8:22 p.m. EST (0122 GMT) (CNN) A new interest in the ancient traditions of Japan has smoked up some long-treasured aromas. The Kohdoh, or incense ceremony, older than the well-known tea ceremony, has survived 13 centuries to regain popularity in a generation looking to the past. Once common among aristocracy, the tradition started to dwindle in the 17th century. Today only about 10,000 people participate in the slow and silent burning ritual. But one of Japan's most respected incense and tea ceremony masters, Shugen Hachiya, says the practice has been rejuvenated by an overall revival in Japanese culture. Each year, about 500 women and men of high society attend a grand ceremony at Hachiya's home in

114. The Great Cities Of Asia The Urban Archaeology Program aims to make resources available on the Internet for people interested in the development of ancient and medieval cities in the broad region from Western Asia to japan, and from Peking to Angkor. Includes maps and charts. http://www.archaeology.usyd.edu.au/research/great_cities/

Archaeology, University of Sydney, Australia. Urban Archaeology Program. THE GREAT CITIES OF ASIA. The Archaeology, History and Geography of Ancient and Medieval Urbanism from the Eastern Mediterranean to the China Sea. MAPS Click on a red dot to find maps of that country's ancient cities and other useful material. ANCIENT CAPITALS OF THE WORLD: HOW BIG WERE THEY? How did Rome and Carthage compare in size with ancient Asian cities such as Peking, Nanking, Chang-an, Baghdad, Isfahan, Loyang, Keifeng, Hangchow, and Seleucia? Go to: Comparing city sizes 1 How about Edo (old Tokyo), Kyoto, Cairo, Cordova, Constantinople, Abassyd Samarra, Nara, Delhi and Vijayanagar? Go to: Comparing city sizes 2 And how did the industrialising Paris and London of the 1800s compare in size with some of their contemporaries in Asia: Edo, Baghdad, Peking and Chang-an? Go to: Comparing city sizes 3 OTHER UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECTS. Time-Map Project (an outline of an exciting new method of computer visualisation of past events).

115. Ancient Japan Gallery Shows ancient painting in japan from the 12th century with descriptions of characteristics and their significance. http://www.wsu.edu:8001/~dee/ANCJAPAN/GALLERY.HTM

Gonzo, Teacher of Kukai (color on silk; 12th century) Kukai, along with Saicho, was instrumental in introducing esoteric Buddhism into Japan around 800 AD. While his first teacher was Gonzo, shown here, an exponent of Nara Buddhism, Kukai learned esoteric Buddhism primarily from Hui-kuo, the eighth patriarch of Shingon Buddhism. Kukai was his most illustrious pupil and returned to Japan from China in 806 to found Shingon practices at Mt. Hiei. Both he and Saicho, who had also studied esoteric Buddhism in China, helped to shift practices at Hiei to esoteric practices. However, Kukai insisted on Shingon as the only "True Words" of the Buddha and left to found his own monastery, Kongobuji (Diamond Tranquility) on Mount Koya south of Osaka. He would later become the favorite of the Emperor Toji and Shingon would sit at the center of Japanese Buddhist practices in official circles from then on. Corel Corporation . See the Corel License Agreement under which these pictures are published. This image is to be used only for educational activities in connection with the classes connected to this site. Zemmui, Teacher of Patriarch of Tendai Buddhism

116. URI Kids :: World Religions Short introduction to the beliefs and rituals of this ancient religion from japan. http://www.uri.org/kids/other_shin.htm

s Shintoism What does Shinto mean? What do its followers believe? Shinto means the way of the gods. Shintoism is an Ancient religion of Japan. It started at least as long ago as 1000 B.C.E. but is still practiced today by at least five million people. The followers of Shintoism believe that spiritual powers exist in the natural world. They believe that "spirits" called kami live in natural places such as in animals, plants, stones, mountains, rivers, people and even the dead. Where do Shinto followers worship? Shinto places of worship are called shrines and are usually found in beautiful natural settings. The shrine contains an Inner Hall which is only entered by Shinto priests since it is believed kami are present. Shinto priests can be either male or female. Purity is important to Shinto followers and therefore they rinse their mouths and wash their hands and hang up wooden tablets with prayers on them before entering the prayer hall. Once inside, the kami is summoned with a bell and offered rice or money. After which the worshiper bows twice and claps twice to welcome the kami then bows again. Shinto shrines are marked by a special archway called a torii. This archway is believed to separate the sacred world of the shrine from the world outside. There are about 80,000 shrines all over Japan. Each shrine has a yearly festival in which people pay their respects to the kami and celebrate with food and drink.

117. The Japan Times Online From japan Times, japanese experts have found a number of Buddhist scripture fragments dating from the seventh century in caves in Bamiyan, central Afghanistan, according to the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20030910b4.htm

118. Electronic Passport To Chinese History French, American, German, Russian, and Japanese forces have confirmed descriptions in ancient Chinese literature the Golden Age of Chinese history. Today the http://www.mrdowling.com/613chinesehistory.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Boxer Rebellion Dynasty From at least 1766 BC to this century, China was ruled by dynasties. A dynasty is a ruling family that passes control from one generation to the next. One dynasty lasted more than 800 years, while another lasted only fifteen years. The Chinese people supported their rulers because of what they called the Mandate of Heaven. The ancient Chinese believed their ancestors in heaven had chosen their leaders. The people would rebel against a weak leader because they believed he had lost the Mandate of Heaven. The Shang was the first dynasty to leave written records. The Shang rulers expanded the borders of their kingdom to include all of the land between Mongolia and the Pacific Ocean. The Shang practiced human sacrifice. If a king died, many of his slaves would join him in the grave. Some were beheaded first, others were buried alive. The Shang also developed a lunar calendar consisting of twelve months of 30 days each. When a Shang king died, his next oldest brother replaced him. When there were no brothers, the oldest maternal nephew became king. The Chou were nomads who lived west of the Shang. They overthrew the Shang and ruled China from 1122

119. Women And Women's Communities In Ancient Japan Summarizes the role and place of women in japanese society, in preNara Period, Nara Period, and Heian Period japan. http://www.wsu.edu:8001/~dee/ANCJAPAN/WOMEN.HTM

uji , were ruled by men. male One can conclude little or nothing about the status of women in early Japan from the haniwa figurines from the tumuli period. The only distinguishing feature between most figurines labelled as male and those labelled as female are that the male figurines represent some economic function while the "female" figurines are more abstract. These are more likely modern impositions; figurines representing hunters or othe economic functions could very well be female figurines, though we naturally assume, from our own modern perspective, that they're male. tumuli (this is Latin, in Japanese, they're called kofun ). The best picture we have of early Japanese life is afforded by the small clay figurines, called haniwa that were deposited in these tumuli. Their nature or purpose is unknown. Are they magic? Departing gifts? Needless to say, they provide a valuable picture of early Japanese life, particularly the haniwa of houses. The figurines also represent men and women, and the earliest haniwa do not make a clear distinction between men and women. However, as

120. Japan, Inc. - The Emperor System And Japan's Royal Family Offers an overview of the Japanese imperial system, with an emphasis on the modern emperors. Find a list of emperors dating back to the ancient times. http://www.vikingphoenix.com/public/JapanIncorporated/postwar/japemps.htm

Don't run out of ink. Save ! ! Epson T032120 Twin Pack Black Ink Cartridges $49.99 for two, save $10.00 Emperor's Chrysthanthemum Japan, Inc. VikingPhoenix.com Contact / Stats Hirohito in military uniform. Japan, Incorporated The Emperor System and Japan's Royal Family The Chrysanthemum (left), the Japanese Emperor's symbol of divine authority was frequently seen embossed on military hardware until 1945. Allied G.I.'s seeking to bring home war prizes with the Chrysanthemum often had to wait while the symbol was obliterated. Emperor Hirohito in court ceremonial robe. Japanese Emperors: B.C. 660 - A.D. 1996 Japan's royalty traces its descendancy from Jimmu, circa 660 B.C. The list shows Japan's ruling Emperors and eight ruling Empresses from Jimmu 660 B.C. to Akihito 1996 A.D. Heisei Tenno, Japan's Emperor Akihito , calls his reign Heisei , meaning "the achievement of complete peace on earth and in the heavens". LIST OF EMPERORS PAST AND PRESENT: Emperors were, and are known by the name, or names of their reigns. If the name of the Emperor in column one of the list is known, it is given. In the case of the present Emperor Akihito and his predecessor, Hirohito, the names of their reigns is given. In the list below, the dates are first the date or year assumed duties of Emperor, second is the date of coronation if different from the first date (shown in parentheses), and third is the date or year of the end of the reign. There have been few reigning Empresses. The last, Suiko, held the throne from 592 - 628 A.D.

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