81. History Of Go Go are shrouded in the mists of ancient Asian history, but the In ancient Chinese art, noblemen (and noblewomen!) can occasionally be japan s Four Go Schools. http://www.usgo.org/resources/gohistory.asp

A Very Brief History of Go T he origins of Go are shrouded in the mists of ancient Asian history, but the game is thought to have originated, at the latest, between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago. Some say that the board, with 10 points out from the center in all directions, may have originally served as a forerunner to the abacus. Others think it may have been a fortune-telling device, with black and white stones representing yin and yang. A famous legend holds that an emperor created the game to improve the intelligence of his dull-witted son. By the time of Confucius (around 600 B.C.), Go had already become one of the "Four Accomplishments" (along with brush painting, poetry and music) that must be mastered by the Chinese gentleman. It passed into Korean and Japanese culture as a result of trade and other contact between countries in the first millennium A.D. Go remained a pastime for the wealthy and educated classes. In ancient Chinese art, noblemen (and noblewomen!) can occasionally be found playing Go (wei-ch'i or weiqi in Chinese). Japan's Four Go Schools We know that Go was present in Japan at least since 1000 A.D., since it figures peripherally in Murasaki's

82. Media-Akita : Akita Beauties Home Page However, from a longterm view, research of the ancient history of japan shows that the two share a very close relationship. ancient history of Northern japan. http://www.media-akita.or.jp/akita-komachi/akita-beauties-study1E.html

Akita Beauties Homepage Special Lecture (Publication of Research Works at Akita University) The Acoustical Society of Japan; Vol.43 No.2 (1987) Ancient Culture of Northern Japan and the Akita Beauties Naoyoshi Niino (College of Education, Akita University, Akita 010) Introduction At first, audiences might not understand the connection between the Akita Beauties and the ancient culture of northern Japan. However, from a long-term view, research of the ancient history of Japan shows that the two share a very close relationship. Of course, there are many other factors of the modern ages to be considered. First of all, in northern Japan, the name "Akita Beauties" originally was the name given to geisha, hostesses in Japanese night spots around the early 1900s, when the mining industry was booming in Akita. Unfortunately, these girls are too old to talk about now, and I have never had the pleasure of meeting one. So this account is based on my research rather than on any personal experience. Ancient History of Northern Japan Throughout its history, Japan always included northern Japan. Northern Japan was never established as an opponent of Japan. In other words, northern Japan has been a part of Japan from ancient times. In the Jomon era, several thousand years before the Yayoi era, northern Japan was more progressive than most other areas of Japan because of the cool climate. (I'll talk more about this feature later.) The people of northern Japan really enjoyed life. In the Yayoi era, two thousand years to several hundred years before now, rice planting became very popular. During this era, much of western Japan's culture was extended to northeastern Japan.

83. From Behind The Wall Of Sleep My Own ancient history. Webster The Prime Pages Good Documents Today in history Embassy World Rouge Advocate Anchorage Daily News Mainichi Times japan The Times http://www.wallofsleep.com/pM/weblog.php?id=P491

84. AncientHistory . . . . . ancient history. PALEOCONTACT; HILLSIDE CARVINGS; ancient ART; ancient ARCHAEOLOGY; Nagano japan history; japanESE history; japanESE ancient history; http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~pppf6/Research/AncientHistory/AncientHistory.html

HOME NEWS AMUWA MASAHIRO ... LINK ANCIENT HISTORY NAGANO-1 NAGANO-2 PALEOCONTACT HILLSIDE CARVINGS ... ANCIENT ARCHAEOLOGY

85. Kimbel Library, Reference: Bibliographies Ref DS 721 .B56 1983 Focus on cultural history, many illustrations and links to vatious aspects of ancient India Kodansha Encyclopedia of japan (1983) 9 volumes http://www.coastal.edu/library/bib47.htm

Reference: Bibliographies Ancient History Classical European Asia African ... General The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (20 vols.; 1989) Ref PE 1625 .087 1989 Most complete dictionary of the English language - the history, use, and meaning of all words "now in use or known to be in use since the middle of the twelfth century". Earliest printed use of a word is cited. Classical A Guide to the Ancient World: A Dictionary of Classical PlaceNames Ref DE 25 .G72 1986 References include historical, geographical, archaeological, artistic and mythological data on important geographical locations in the ancient Greek, Roman, and Etruscan world. Maps provide locations. The Oxford Classical Dictionary Ref DE 5 .09 1996 Basic dictionary of people, places, and things, includes bibliographical references. Ancient Writers: Greece and Rome (1982) 2 volumes. Ref PA 3002 .A5 10 to 30-page overview articles on authors, philosophers, poets and playwrights. Contains basic biographical information (when available), brief discussion of works, and general significance of the writer. Perseus Project http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

86. History Of Mathematics: China The Development of Mathematics in China and japan, 2nd edition Chinese science; explorations of an ancient tradition Science history Publications, New York, 1977 http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/china.html

Mathematics in China Table of Contents A brief outline of the history of Chinese mathematics Chronology of Mathematicians and Mathematical Works On-line References Bibliography ... Menubar access to other pages A brief outline of the history of Chinese mathematics Primary sources are Mikami's The Development of Mathematics in China and Japan and Li Yan and Du Shiran's Chinese Mathematics, a Concise History . See the bibliography below. Numerical notation, arithmetical computations, counting rods Traditional decimal notation one symbol for each of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000. Ex. 2034 would be written with symbols for 2,1000,3,10,4, meaning 2 times 1000 plus 3 times 10 plus 4. Goes back to origins of Chinese writing. Calculations performed using small bamboo counting rods. The positions of the rods gave a decimal place-value system, also written for long-term records. digit was a space. Arranged left to right like Arabic numerals. Back to 400 B.C.E. or earlier. Addition: the counting rods for the two numbers placed down, one number above the other. The digits added (merged) left to right with carries where needed. Subtraction similar.

87. Cambridge Junior History: Ancient And Medieval Japan Home Cambridge Junior history ancient and Medieval japan. Cambridge Junior history ancient and Medieval japan. Philip Cummins. Published June 2000. 48 pages. http://books.cambridge.org/0521776511.htm

Home > Cambridge Junior History: Ancient and Medieval Japan Cambridge Junior History: Ancient and Medieval Japan Philip Cummins Published June 2000 48 pages For price and ordering options, inspection copy requests, and reading lists please select: UK North America Ancient and Medieval Japan covers the major events and people from the hunter gatherer society of 50,000 BC to the Tokugawa shoguns of 1603–1867 AD, with particular focus on the traditional or shogunate period. It explores the importance of different cultural practices, personalities, events and forces within early and traditional Japanese society, and describes everyday life and the role of certain social groups including peasants, samurai warriors and shoguns. Ancient and Medieval Japan also looks at the origins of Japanese government, citizenship, spirituality, values and attitudes and explains the contribution of the Japanese to the world’s cultural heritage in terms of philosophy, art and literature. The book is full colour throughout, draws on a wide range of sources and contains learning outcomes and focus issues. The activities will help to build students’ historical skills while ensuring that history remains fun! Related areas Cambridge Junior History Quick search Advanced search More Printer friendly version Email a colleague Cambridge University Press 2004.

88. British Aikido History - The Importance Of The WORD History To The Japanese. koushougaku (in Chinese history) study of ancient texts kyoudoshi interview (usually medical); history taking nihonshi history of japan; oitachi upbringing http://britishaikido.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=35

89. Women Warriors Throughout History, 3500BC To 20th Century, Battle, Tournament, S Massagetai defeated the Persians (source ancient history Sourcebook) The See also ancient Graves of Warrior Women nondescript.net) In 200AD, japan was ruled by http://www.lothene.demon.co.uk/others/womenprehist.html

Home Site Map Frequently Asked Questions Bibliography Women as Warriors in Prehistory, the Ancient World and up to the 7th Century outside Europe Women as Warriors from 3500BC to the 20th Century The Rig-Veda, an ancient sacred poem of India, written between 3500 and 1800 BC recounts the story of a warrior, Queen Vishpla, who lost her leg in battle, was fitted with an iron prosthesis, and returned to battle. (source Prosthetic History Page Between 1570 and 1546 BC Queen Aahhotep I (or Ahhotep or Ahotep) of Egypt led armies against Thebes and helped to unite Egypt under one rule. (sources Women in Early World History Ancient Egyptian History Dynasties XII to XVII and History of the Copts On the walls of Hittite fortresses dating to 1300 BC paintings of woman warriors carrying axes and swords. The Biblical Judge, Deborah, was a war leader during the occupation of Canaan 1250 -1050 BC (info given by Deborah Lethann@mail.com

90. Ancient Japan ancient japan is intended as a student introduction to the history, culture, and beliefs of the japanese up to the end of the Heian period (1192 AD). http://www.humbul.ac.uk/output/full2.php?id=9136

91. BD21 Edmund Blunden, Japan, Ancient And Modern Edmund Blunden. 21. ‘japan, ancient and Modern’. Review of An Outline history of japan, by Herbert Gowan, and Modern japan and its Problems, by GC Allen. http://themargins.net/bib/B/BD/bd021.html

/* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on the next lines. */var pageName = "";/**** DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE! ****/var code = ' '; document.write(' '); document.write('>'); Navigation A. Critical Studies B. Central Poets C. Other Poets ... Cite this page BD. Edmund Blunden An Outline History of Japan , by Herbert Gowan, and Modern Japan and its Problems , by G. C. Allen. 42 (February 1928 ), William Adams ( Ap ), Tokugawa Iemitsu (third Tokugawa shogun), Toyotomi Hideyoshi ( Ap ), and the Great Buddha at Kamakura. Home Top Previous Next ... Bibliography

92. HISTORY_INDEX history of japanese Currencies, 2. First japanese Currency. 3. Copper Coins of ancient japan. Use of Chinese Coins(AD.1216). 4. Use of Imported Chinese Coins. http://www.imes.boj.or.jp/cm/english_htmls/history.htm

IMESBOJ CURRENCY MUSEUM INDEX MUSEUM HISTORY STUDIES ESSAYS World War II Military Currency ... E-MAIL History of Japanese Currencies If you click each page number, the screen will change, and an explanation with photos will appear. Currency Data are here Emergence of Japanese Currency (B.C.-A.D.11) Origin of Japanese Currency First Japanese Currency Copper Coins of Ancient Japan Use of Chinese Coins (A.D.12-16) Use of Imported Chinese Coins Use of Privately Minted Japanese Coins Establishment of Japanese Currency System (16th century to 19th century) Gold and Silver Coins Minted by Local Lords Gold and Silver Coins Minted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi Currency Issued by the Tokugawa Shogunate Government Emergence of Paper Money Gold Coins in Edo Period Minting of Gold Coins Silver Coins in Edo Period Circulation of Gold and Silver Coins in Edo Period Base Metal Coins in Edo Period Oban (thin oval gold coins) in Edo Period Period of the "Yen" (19th century to the present) Paper Money immediately aftter the Meiji Restoration Birth of the "Yen" Government Notes National Banknotes Foundation of the Bank of Japan Bank of Japan Notes Enactment of the "Coins Law" Paper Money under the "Managed Currency System" Currency during World War II World War II Military Currency New Banknotes after the War TO TOP CURRENCY DATA

93. Edo Japan, A Virtual Tour Edo japan tour A tour of Edo (Tokyo) japan, describing the history of japan's greatest city. See beautiful ukiyoe images and learn more about japanese history, japanese culture and japanese the http://www.us-japan.org/edomatsu

Welcome to Edo Edo is the ancient name for Tokyo. During the reign of the Tokugawa Shoguns, Japan's emperor reigned in secluded majesty at the imperial capital in Kyoto; however, the true center of power, government, the economy and social life was Edo , where the Shogun lived and ruled the country. For most people in Japan, Edo is more than just a historical city. It also has a symbolic image and meaning. It represents nearly everything that they consider a part of their "traditional" culture. For the Japanese, Edo has a romantic image that one could compare to the Italian's image of Renaissance Venice, the British image of Victorian London and the American image of the Wild West, all rolled into one. This website is designed to take you exploring in Edo . Hopefully it will offer not only some enjoyment, but also some insights into the source of "traditional Japan". Although modern Tokyo may look very "Western" on the surface, in its heart the spirit of Edo still lives on! This site is continuously growing and expanding, with the addition of new pages on various parts of the city. Bookmark this page and visit often. New towns, new sounds and graphics, and new information on historical Edo will be added on a regular basis. Special thanks to The Japan-America Society for co-hosting this website.

94. NAGANO '98 Kids' Info Center A kids' information site from the Nagano Olympics, has basic information on the establishment and use of roads from c. 700. http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/nagano/atlas/a-8.html

Kaido: The Ancient Roads of Japan Japan began to develop a nationwide network of roads from around the 7th century to carry foot, horseback, and wheeled traffic and transport goods between towns and villages. The major thoroughfares connecting the capital of Kyoto with the provinces were called kaido. There were seven kaido. The principal ones were the westbound route from Kyoto, the San'yodo, and the eastbound route, the Tokaido. These historical names have been preserved in the names of railway lines such as the San'yo and Tokaido Shinkansen routes that combine to link Kyushu with Tokyo. As time passed, lodgings for travelers along these highways grew into towns and routes that avoided steep passes came into being, so that traveling became easier. But construction of bridges and operation of ferries across some rivers were prohibited for reasons of military defense, and travelers were carried over on the shoulders of porters.

95. Japanese Ancient History And Ainu Language Japanese ancient history and Ainu Language. orig 97/08/27 rev2 97/10/05 Spelling, Grammatical corrections rev3 98/02/21 Correction at * mark rev4 99/06/06 http://www.dai3gen.net/epage1.htm

Japanese Ancient History and Ainu Language orig: 97/08/27 rev2: 97/10/05 Spelling, Grammatical corrections rev3: 98/02/21 Correction at * mark rev4: 99/06/06 tables Welcome to History and Language Section. This is a layman's research into Japanese ancient history as related to Ainu language. I have long been interested in a theme, "how Japanese language has emerged." There is no widely accepted answer to this question. Perhaps, a conservative average is somewhere around that the language was a mixture of northern and southern languages as follows. Ural-Altaic languages in that a certain degree of vowel harmony can be observed in Old Japanese "southern" languages in that a few "body" related words show similarities to them. Radical, so look they to me, opinions have been pubilshed by even well-known scholars, to a disappoinment by the many. Languages associated as the mother language to Japanese include Hebrew, Sumerian, Lepcha (a Himalayan language) and Tamil. It is even astonishing why these serious scholars did not look at their own foot step, Ainu language We have a clear statement in our old history books that the royal ancestor, Ninigi-no-mikoto, descended from the Heaven and married a native girl, Kono-Hana-Sakuya-Hime (if interpreted by Japanese, this means "The Flower Blooming Princess) in Ata, a name of a place somewhere in Kyushu Island.

96. Kagura With overview, photos, and Realaudio example of some of japan's oldest music. http://aris.ss.uci.edu/rgarfias/gagaku/kagura.html

Kagura: The Japanese Ancient Sacred Music Kagura is characterized by purity and cleanliness. In austere and natural settings, ancient dances made as offerings to entertain the gods, often in setting in which no one other than the performers themselves are allowed to witness. The grounds of a Shinto shrine can be a simple structure as in many village or in the neighborhood shrines of big cities. Many of the large ones are afftected by local style and even take on some stylistic elements from Buddhist temples. The two oldest and most revered are the shrine of the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu-no O-Mikami at Ise and the shrine of Susanoo no O-Mikoto at Izumo. The Shrine at Izumo is great complex of structures in natural wood. These buildings retain elements which are thought to reflect architectural types going back to times preceeding the introduction of Chinese culture in the 6th Century. The Izumo Shrine The word, kagura, means "place of the gods" but it is written with characters which mean "music of the gods". Kagura, whether it is performed in the sacred prencints of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo or in some small village shrine, always signifies a musical performance intended as an offering and an entertainment to the ancient gods of Japan.

97. Nobumitsu's Toshokan Resource for recreating ancient japan in the Society for Creative Anachronism. http://www.angelfire.com/on3/sanazami/

Nobumitsu's Toshokan var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Nobumitsu's Toshokan I have moved the site to a new server, this page will redirect you to HTTP://sazanami.halberd.org in 20 seconds.. if not, click HERE

98. Ancient Of Days Antiques And Collectibles Inventory includes childrens books, Homer Laughlin, Royal Albert Memory Lane, stoneware, occupied japan, pottery and toys. http://www.tias.com/stores/ada/

Welcome, Come in and browse! We have a great selection of items to choose from. Be sure to see our beautiful Royal Albert Capri Tea set, and our lovley oriental geisha teaset. Both are outstanding. Grab a cup of your favorite beverage, come in and take a look around! Welcome: We are located in the Beautiful Pacific Northwest. It is my goal to provide Great Antique and Collectible items to you at resonable prices, with the best service possible. We have a nice selection of goods for you to select from. Inventory includes Childrens books, Homer Laughlin, Royal Albert Memory Lane, Stoneware, Occupied Japan Figurines, and Fine Porcelain. I accept Visa and Mastercard through PayPal. Satisfactions always a guarentee. What are you looking for? Match All Words Browse Our Store Our Newest Additions Join our Mailing List Books ... Toys-Vintage-Puzzles We accept Checks and Money Orders We also accept PayPal.com Store Home Site History Contact FAQ / Policies ... Join our Mailing List Ancient of Days Antiques and Collectibles Contact us!

99. Kitora Kofun Explored Referenced article exploring this ancient Japanese kofun (burial mound). Astrological charts have been determined from the star paintings inside the tomb. http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/kitora.htm

Kitora Kofun A Detailed Astronomical Star Chart in an Ancient Japanese Tomb By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara Revised September, 2002 As mentioned in the supplement to our article on Takamatsu Zuka Kofun The Controversy Continues , historians and archaeologists have long thought that more tombs nearby might contain similar "star paintings". One such tomb, located about 1 kilometer to the South of Takamatsu Zuka Kofun and named Kitora Kofun has now been explored. The tomb has not been actually entered but rather probed with sub-miniature camera. Archaeological dating places its construction within the same Asuka period (7th to early 8th centuries) as Takamatsu Zuka Kofun . While there are some remarkable similarities, there are also some anomalous differences in the paintings of the two tombs. Kitora Kofun (Kitora Tumulus) seen from South Looking North. (Photo by Steve Renshaw) Kitora Kofun from the East Side. Only the front of the tomb mound can be seen. The actual tomb is located in the lower (larger) mound directly under the upper (smaller) mound and is aligned North/South. (Photo by Steve Renshaw) Composite of Images Showing the Inside of Kitora Kofun . (From Research Report of Cultural Heritage in Asuka Village Vol. 3; Scientific Research on Kitora Tumulus

100. Sumo Wrestling History, The Ancient Japanese Sport Sumo wrestling history, the ancient Japanese sport. Sumo wrestling history; fans are accummulating matches are broadcast internationally. http://papa.essortment.com/wrestlingsumoh_rvqp.htm

Sumo wrestling history, the Ancient Japanese sport With the proliferation of sports channels it's more than likely you've clicked across a Sumo match and wondered at this strange sport. But there's more to Sumo than just two men wrestling in the ring - in fact, it's an ancient and treasured sport in Japan. And it's becoming more and more popular outside of its homeland as the world grows ever smaller in this new age of technology. Sumo is the traditional national sport of Japan. Baseball and soccer are close seconds, but Sumo reigns supreme as the favorite. With the growth of its popularity outside of Japan there have also been changes - the most recent Grand Champion is a man called Akebono- a Hawaiian who took up the sport at a young age and excelled in it; surprising Japanese and Americans alike who wondered at this stranger taking on the traditional sport and excelling at it. Due to Akebono's success, more international competitors are entering the ring, all aware of their participation in a sport that is older than most of the countries that they come from. bodyOffer(20981) The earliest written mention of Sumo is found in the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters), a book from the year 712, which is the oldest example of Japanese writing. The Kojiki relates a legend about how possession of the Japanese islands was determined by a Sumo match 2,500 years ago between the gods Takemikazuchi and Takeminakata. The two men grappled on the shores of Izumo along the Japan Sea coast until the latter finally lost. Thus control of the archipelago was ceded to the Japanese people led by Takemikazuchi, who is said to have established the imperial family from which the present emperor traces his ancestry. Thus Sumo from the start was different from most other sporting matches; each match a historical recreation.

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