61. The Reggae Boyz, Jamaica Football History And World Cup Qualifying Results history of jamaica s Football. jamaica made history by becoming the first English speaking country from the Caribbean to ever qualify for the world cup finals. http://www.thereggaeboyz.com/history.htm

Support our advertisers News ReggaeBoyz Forum Guestbook ... Merchandise thereggaeboyz.com player of the year Vote for the Reggae Boyz Player of the year Ricardo Fuller Onandi Lowe Ricardo Gardner Aaron Lawrence Paul Hall Tyrone Marshall Current Results Create a FREE Alxnet Web Poll TheReggaeBoyz.com would like to express our thanks for your support Submit Your Vote Winner of Jamaica Top 5 Surfers Choice Award Submit Your Vote Winner of 2003-2004 Golden Web Award Visit IrieJamaicanCafe.com ... Free Banner Swap History of Jamaica's Football Some of the records available indicates that football (soccer) was introduced in Jamaica towards the end of the 19th century and 1893 is listed as the year Jamaica formed it's first football club.

62. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Jamaica : History : History To Independence (Caribbean P AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on jamaica history history to Independence, Caribbean Political Geography. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/J/Jamaica-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 09, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Caribbean Political Geography ... Jamaica By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z J Jamaica, Caribbean Political Geography Related Category: Caribbean Political Geography Jamaica [j u m A u Pronunciation Key History- History to Independence Sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1494, Jamaica was conquered and settled in 1509 by Spaniards under a license from Columbus's son. Spanish exploitation decimated the native Arawaks. The island remained Spanish until 1655, when Admiral William Penn and Robert Venables captured it; it was formally ceded to England in 1670, but the local European population obtained a degree of autonomy. Jamaica prospered from the wealth brought by buccaneers, notably Sir Henry Morgan , to Port Royal, the capital; in 1692, however, much of the city sank into the sea during an earthquake, and Spanish Town became the new capital. A huge, mostly African, slave population grew up around the sugarcane plantations in the 18th cent., when Jamaica was a leading world sugar producer. Freed and escaped slaves, sometimes aided by the maroons (slaves who had escaped to remote areas after Spain lost control of Jamaica), succeeded in organizing frequent uprisings against the European landowners. The sugar industry declined in the 19th cent., partly because of the abolition of slavery in 1833 (effective 1838) and partly because of the elimination in 1846 of the imperial preference tariff for colonial products entering the British market. Economic hardship was the prime motive behind the Morant Bay rebellion by freedmen in 1865. The British ruthlessly quelled the uprising and also forced the frightened legislature to surrender its powers; Jamaica became a crown colony.

63. CheatHouse.com - Jamaica:History And Culture This Essay Goes Indepth About The H Jamaicahistory and Culture This essay goes indepth about the history,Economy Agriculture, Heritage, Food, and Geography! Note! http://www.cheathouse.com/eview/25935-jamaica-history-and-culture-this-essay-g.h

* JAMAICA * "Jamaica has a rich island culture. The people are friendly, the weather is nice, the food is good, the music is loud, and the parties are wild." Jamaican History The first people to come to Jamaica were people from Venezuela, known as the Arawaks. They are thought to have come to Jamai Note! The sentences in this essay are shuffled, making this essay unusable If you want to read the essay in it's original and proper state, click here. We use this page for our internal search engine, and it's not meant to be viewable. Home Essays [LOGIN] Lists ... 1995-2004, Loadstone

64. Jamaican Jewish History A home for information on the history, culture, and liturgy of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish community in jamaica, British West Indies. http://www.sephardim.org/jamaica/

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65. Home Page Organization focusing on the study of the traditional Kung Fu styles of Tai Chi Chuan, HsingI Chuan and Ba Gua Zhang. Lists style history, gallery, instructor profiles, class locations and meditation. jamaica, New York http://www.steelwrappedincotton.com

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66. [JAMAICA] Some Great Notes On Jamaica's History AfriGeneas Caribbean Research Forum. jamaica Some great notes on jamaica s history. Posted By Patrick Hunter Date Tuesday, 26 August 2003, at 932 pm http://www.afrigeneas.com/forum-carib/index.cgi?noframes;read=261

67. Mercy, Politics And History Dunces - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM An integral part of Venezuela s history is Bolivar s Letter from jamaica in 1815, in which he proposed constitutional changes, partially patterned off the http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/html/20040317T200000-0500_57284_OBS_MERCY

Last updated: document.write('Wednesday, June 9, 2004, 12:17 AM EST'); Mercy, politics and history dunces Micheal Burke Thursday, March 18, 2004 Micheal Burke Jean-Bertrand Aristide, as you know, is here as a guest of Jamaica. At least nine former Haitian presidents were either exiled, or allowed to stay in Jamaica for a time. You may not have known that, since none of the history dunces parading as authorities on the subject were able to speak on the issue in light of precedent. Simon Bolivar of Venezuela, the great liberator of many South American countries from Spanish rule, was exiled here, and also a former president of Mexico, General Santo Ana. The second of the two great commandments in the Bible (love thy neighbour as thyself), is indeed a call to charity and mercy. The Catechism of the (Roman) Catholic Church obliges its members to show mercy, which includes hospitality to strangers (Matthew 25:31-46). In addition, we should remember that slaves from Jamaica were sold in Haiti and vice versa. This means that families of slaves were split up between Jamaica and Haiti. So being charitable to Haitians means that we are doing so to our own extended families.

68. Jamaica Quick Facts jamaica Quick Facts. Population 2,634,678 (July 1998 est.). Age structure est.). Nationality noun jamaican(s) adjective jamaican. Ethnic http://caribbean-connection.com/jamaica/history.html

Jamaica Cover Page Map of Island Accommodation Air Lines ... Contact Us Jamaica Quick Facts Population: 2,634,678 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (male 425,233; female 406,529) 15-64 years: 62% (male 806,846; female 817,145) 65 years and over: 6% (male 79,125; female 99,800) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 0.7% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 20.91 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 5.45 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -8.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 14.47 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.37 years

69. History Of Dub Music A Brief history of Dub. The roots of dub can be traced back to jamaica in the late 1960s, where it is widely accepted that Osbourne Ruddock pioneered the http://www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/Meadow/8887/dub/

A Brief History of Dub The word 'dub' today is used to describe a genre of music that consists predominantly of instrumental re-mixes of existing recordings. These re-mixes radically manipulated and reshape the recording(through the use of sound effects). The production and mixing process is not used just to replicate the live performance of the recording artist, but audio effects and studio 'trickery' are seen as an integral part of the music. The roots of 'dub' can be traced back to Jamaica in the late 1960s, where it is widely accepted that Osbourne Ruddock pioneered the style . Ruddock turned the mixing desk into an instrument, with the Deejay or mixer playing the role of the artist or performer. These early 'Dub' examples can be looked upon as the prelude to many dance and pop music genres Jamaican music has always borrowed heavily from U.S. popular music form adapting this music to give Jamaica its own unique variations . During the forties 'Big Band' music was very popular in Jamaica, with swing bands touring all over the country playing at local dance halls, but by the 1950's these 'Big Bands' were starting to be superceded by smaller, ' more dynamic, optimistic

70. Streetcars In Jamaica Plain: A History Streetcars in jamaica Plain a history By Michael Greer Public transport has been a feature of the jamaica Plain landscape for nearly 150 years. http://www.geocities.com/jphistoricalsociety/streetcars.html

Streetcars in Jamaica Plain: a History By Michael Greer Public transport has been a feature of the Jamaica Plain landscape for nearly 150 years. One of the early forms was the omnibus, an oversized horse carriage that plied the busy sections of road between Boston and outlying villages like Jamaica Plain. According to Bradley H. Clarke's "Transit Development in Jamaica Plain" (Roll Sign, Aug./ Sep., 1974), the 1885 Boston Almanac mentions an omnibus route from the environs of the old City Hall near the northeastern corner of the Boston Common to Jamaica Plain. The omnibus was a bus for all: Pondside landowners, the new middle class suburbanites who lived in the neighborhood and those who still farmed the rural fringes. As suburbia grew, so did the need for more efficient and speedy transport. Sam Bass Warner's book "Streetcar Suburbs" discusses the rapid growth of rail service during the period of 1870-1900. Motivated by a middle class aspiring to more genteel surroundings and speculators who saw public transport as a boon to real estate development, private investors created a number of new railway companies. These railway companies replaced the omnibus with horse-drawn cars that ran on rails. Pictures of the type of horse car used in Jamaica Plain show two horses hauling a single open-air trolley very much like the cable cars still in use in parts of San Francisco today. The rails these cars ran on quickly became a part of the landscape. Clarke notes that in areas without sidewalks or paving, the paved area between the rails was a popular place for residents to stroll without muddying their shoes. Of course, horse drivers with miles to go and schedules to keep did not appreciate these railway interlopers.

71. Jamaica -- History & Culture Part 1 As provided for by these treaties, the Maroons were instrumental in putting down the most serious slave rebellion in jamaica’s history, Tacky’s Rebellion http://www.it4biz.com/omnibus/Ja/jahc.htm

Home About Us Port of Call Genealogy Jamaica, The Land We Love Return to Main page Contents Amerindians Pre-Colombian Era The Arawak Spanish Conquest ... Part 2 Amerindians People had lived in the New World for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. They were the descendants of Mongoloid tribes who had crossed the Siberian land-bridge during the ice age. From Alaska they had migrated south through the McKenzie Valley and across North and Central America. And some crossed the isthmus of Central America into South America. Throughout this process, advanced civilizations had risen and fallen. Internal migration and warfare were common. When the Europeans arrived, the great Maya civilization was in decline, but the Aztec and Inca were still expanding. These nations did not see themselves as one people. And only later would their European conquerors give the area a unifying name, America, and identify the people as Indians. Thus we have the term Amerindians. Top of page Pre-Colombian Era Prior to 1492, Amerindians had little or no sustained contact with other parts of the world. They had, however, developed varied and productive agricultural economies. Their lifestyles and belief systems differed widely, and they spoke hundreds of different languages.

72. Jamaica -- History & Culture Part 2 jamaica, The Land We Love. history Culture Part 2. Return to Main page. http://www.it4biz.com/omnibus/Ja/jahc2.htm

Home About Us Port of Call Genealogy Jamaica, The Land We Love Part 2 Return to Main page Contents British Occupation Privateers, Buccaneers and War The Planting Economy Part 3 British Occupation The early years of British Top of page Privateers , Buccaneers and War England used the practice of issuing commissions ( letters of marque Sir Henry Morgan Henry Morgan as a young man. . This portrait is on display at Tredegar House, Newport, Wales, UK. Cagway ), on the southern coast, privateers were often the only navy Jamaica had to place between itself and its enemies. Contemporary historian, Edward Long, wrote: "It is to the Bucaniers that we owe the possession of Jamaica at this hour." The buccaneers started as hunters on the island of Hispaniola. The term buccaneer came from a Carib word, bukan , for the method they used to cook and dry their meat. The hunters came from all walks of life, many fleeing the law. They were predominantly French with significant numbers of English and Dutch. Eventually the Spanish drove the hunters off the island and they found refuge on the tiny offshore island of Tortuga. And by the time the Spaniards ousted them from there, they had developed a hatred for the Spanish.

73. History Of Jamaica jamaica history OF THE jamaicaN FLAG - NATIONAL HEROES HOME NATIONAL ANTHEM The history of the flag by Mark Sensen 23-DEC-1995 Flag adopted 6 august 1962 http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/culture_and_history/history/jamaica_jamaica_1.h

var c = "c2"; Home Travel Guide Flights Cars ... Adventure Tours USA users discount airfare and cheap hotels Jamaica history of Jamaica You are here: Jamaica Your search for history of Jamaica returned results JAMAICA - THE GLEANER - GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY INFORMATION TOURISM Tourism is an important part of Jamaica's economy. Because of the island's warm climate and year-round sunshine, its beaches and beautiful landscape, many thousands of people from all over ... link status good JAMAICA - HISTORY OF THE JAMAICAN FLAG NATIONAL HEROES HOME NATIONAL ANTHEM The History of the flag by Mark Sensen 23-DEC-1995 Flag adopted 6 august 1962 Jamaica naval ensign. Proportions about 4:9. by Jan Oskar Engene 18-SE... link status good JAMAICA - DESTINATIONS - HISTORY INFORMATION Island Hopper Select An Island Caribbean Region Anguilla Antigua Aruba Bahamas Barbados Bermuda Bonaire BVI Cayman Islands Cuba Curacao Dominica Dominican Rep. Grenada Guadel... link status good JAMAICA - WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE - HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT The WTG entry for Jamaica includes tourist and business travel information, air, sea, road and rail travel information, maps and climate charts, accommodation information, business and social profi... link status good JAMAICA - BRIEF HISTORY INFORMATION Jamaica a brief history including the climate in Jamaica, the population in Jamaica, sports in Jamaica ant the people that makeup Jamaica.

74. Recipe In Jamaica Food Drink Music Performing Arts Arts Crafts Sports history Heritage Drink , Recipes jamaica s history is told by the food jamaican s eat. . http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/food_and_drink/local_recipes/jamaica_jamaica_1.

var c = "c2"; Home Travel Guide Flights Cars ... Adventure Tours USA users discount airfare and cheap hotels Jamaica Recipe in Jamaica You are here: Jamaica Your search for Recipe in Jamaica returned results JAMAICA - Recipes West Indian Cuisine at its finest. if you are looking for a recipe or have a Jamaican recipe to offer check us out! link status good JAMAICA - DRINK RECIPES Jamaica Resort Web Site section offering recipes for Jamaican drinks. link status good JAMAICA - FOOD AND RECIPES link status good JAMAICA - CLICK-ON - TRADITIONAL JAMAICA RECIPES Sunvillas.com represents fully staffed vacation villas for rent in Ocho Rios, Jamaica and Runaway Bay, Jamaica. link status good JAMAICA - RECIPES Personal Page of Terrence Gyles Daniel Foley. Jamaican Cuisine. link status good JAMAICA - Montego Bay - Recipe for Shrimp and Bean Salad This salad is a palate-pleasing combination of shrimp, rice, blackeyed peas, mango and vegetables in a coconut dressing. link status good JAMAICA - Montego Bay - Mocktail Cocktail Recipe Mocktail Recipe for a Montego Bay. link status good Global Travel Toolbox Books Currency Converter Finance and Insurance Food and Drink Fun and Trivia Language Converter Look Up / Reference luggage Maps Miscellaneous Outdoor Travelling Gear Telecoms and Communications Tickets for Events Travel Magazines Travel Tips

75. Atlas - Jamaica Map Overview of culture, history, economy, currency, government, people, education and languages. http://www.map.freegk.com/jamaica/jamaica.php

Introduction People History Culture ... Communications Legal system Organization Provinces Disputes Jamaica Introduction Back to Top Jamaica, island country, third-largest island of the Greater Antilles, situated south of Cuba in the northern Caribbean Sea. Jamaica has a maximum length, from east to west, of about 235 km (146 mi); the maximum width is approximately 80 km (50 mi). The total area of the country is 10,991 sq km (4,244 sq mi). Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, and also a large commercial seaport. Official Name - Jamaica Capital - Kingston 538,100 (1995 metropolitan area) Population - 2,505,000 (1996) Life Expectancy - 71.4 years for men 75.8 years for women Area - 10,991 sq km (4,244 sq mi) Largest Cities - Spanish Town 110,400 Portmore 93,800 Languages - English; local patois Religions - Christianity; Islam; Hinduism Currency - Jamaican dollar Government - Parliamentary democracy Jamaica Provinces Back to Top 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland Jamaica People Back to Top The population of Jamaica (2001 estimate) was 2,665,636, giving the country an overall population density of 243 persons per sq km (628 per sq mi). The annual rate of population increase, formerly high, declined to 0.51 percent by 2001. Emigration, primarily to the United States, Britain, and Latin America, has been substantial.

76. National Library Of Jamaica | History, Heritage & Governance Perhaps few people are aware of the dynamic role the Post Office has played in the history of jamaica. Back to top. Important dates in the history of jamaica. http://www.nlj.org.jm/docs/history.htm

History Notes This page covers a variety of information relating to Jamaica's culture, heritage and history. Chinese in Jamaica Christmas Jamaican Style Dances Emancipation Proclamation ... Traditional Foods in Jamaican Culture Chinese in Jamaica Shortly after Emancipation, the English Plantation owners realized that the African descendants having been freed from slavery were reluctant to work on the sugar estate. Based on this realization, they decided to import Chinese and East Indians to work for them. By 1854, the first group of four hundred and seventy two (472) Chinese come to Jamaica from Panama . Prior to this time there were about thirty Chinese living in Jamaica . The second batch, of about two hundred, coming from Trinidad and British Guiana arrived in Jamaica between 1864-1870. On June 12, 1884 , a third group of about six hundred and eighty arrived straight from China , all having three year contracts. In 1905, the Jamaican Government noticed the increased population of Chinese immigrants and passed a law that restricted entry to the country if certain criteria were not met. The law passed emphasized three main areas:

77. National Library Of Jamaica | History, Heritage & Governance - National Heroes By 1921 Garvey was the leader of the largest black organization in history, which at in Atlanta where he spent nearly three years and then deported to jamaica. http://www.nlj.org.jm/docs/heroes_emblems.htm

National Heroes and Emblems National Heroes of Jamaica The Flag National Anthem The Jamaican Coat of Arms ... Prayer, Pledge and Song The preparation for Jamaica's independence in August 1962, demanded that many issues of varying degrees of importance within their particular national context had to be considered and agreement reached as to what might be finally acceptable to the nation at large. Among these were such matters as the choice of a national flag and anthem as well as a number of other emblems which the country and the world in general would grow to accept as a representative of the many facets of Jamaica's political, cultural and economic life. Chief among these symbols are:- The black, green and gold Flag; the national tree - the Blue Mahoe; the national flower - Lignum Vitae; the coat of arms bearing the national motto "Out of Many One People"; the national bird - the Doctor Bird or Swallow Tail Humming Bird and the national fruit - the Ackee. The following Code for national symbols has been formulated. THE FLAG The Flag came into use on August 6, 1962, Jamaica's Independence Day.

78. Brief History Of Jamaica Brief history of jamaica By Donna Essix jamaicans.com I. PreColombian jamaica Prior to the arrival of Columbus in 1494, jamaica was inhabited by Arawaks http://www.rism.org/isg/dlp/ganja/background/BriefHistory.html

Ganja in Jamaica Background Brief History of Jamaica By Donna Essix Jamaicans.com I. Pre-Colombian Jamaica Prior to the arrival of Columbus in 1494, Jamaica was inhabited by Arawaks, living in simple communities based on fishing, hunting, and small scale cultivation of cassava. The impact of the contact with the Spanish was traumatic, and these communities disappeared in 70-80 years. Plunder, disruption of economic activities, new diseases, and migration decimated the indigenous population. Only a few artifacts-facts, examples of which are on display at the small museum at White Marl, and a few Spanish corruptions of place names (such as Ocho Rios) remain from this period. Otherwise, there is no Arawak influence on the subsequent development of life on the island. II. The Spanish Occupation, 1494-1655 Disappointed by the absence of gold on the island, the Spanish used Jamaica as a base for supporting the conquest of the Americas, particularly Mexico with its treasures of gold and silver. The population of the Spanish settlement, including their slaves, was never large. It was administered from the Town of Santiago de la Vega, now called Spanish Town, and much of the architecture of the original buildings is still evident today in the town square. Economic activity consisted primarily of production for domestic consumption, and to a lesser extent the supply of Spanish ships.

79. Jamaica Caribbean By Region History Brief Facts of jamaica, Brief Facts of jamaica s history A summary beginning with the first settlements to modern day. Rate Brief Facts of jamaica s history http://history.designerz.com/history-by-region-caribbean-jamaica.php

Map.Designerz.com Weather Science.Designerz.com Education.Designerz.com ... History News Channels Visited Clear Featured Links Web Hosting Domain Names Create a Web Site Keyword Analyzer ... Sign up for our mailing list Keyword Title Author History By Region Caribbean Jamaica ... History A comprehensive resource on History By Region Caribbean Jamaica Show History (History By Region Caribbean Jamaica) content on your web site Reach History (History By Region Caribbean Jamaica) Audience Save on History By Region Caribbean Jamaica books, magazines and software See which History By Region Caribbean Jamaica domain names are available Search History By Region Caribbean Jamaica on other search engines Press Releases, Stories and Articles on History By Region Caribbean Jamaica View all press releases Submit your press release View all articles Submit your article Featured Results (opens in a new window) Jamaica - Information About the Region Information source explaining the Islands history, geography, climate and culture. Rate Jamaica - Information About the Region Father Raphael The life of Robert Josias Morgan, a Black Jamaican, who was a Greek Orthodox priest nearly a hundred years ago.

80. Jamaica Travel Net - The History Of Jamaica Call 1800-330-8272. jamaica Travel Net! jamaica s history. jamaica Historical Information jamaica was discovered by Christopher Columbus on May 4, 1494. http://www.jamaicatravelnet.com/info/history.html

Please select the Jamaica information you desire: Jamaica Travel Net brought to you by: Call Jamaica Travel Net! Jamaica's History Jamaica Historical Information: Jamaica was discovered by Christopher Columbus on May 4, 1494. The Spanish (who ruled the island until 1655) were the first Europeans to explore the Caribbean. They eventually settled the Greater Antilles and either killed or absorbed the Arawak Indians native to the larger islands. The Antilles held a favored position because of their proximity to gold deposits, supply of Indian labor, easy access, fertile soil, and favorable climate. The region became known for its production of sugar, coffee, spices, and tropical fruits. The importance of the Antilles declined as the Spanish advanced into the New World through Mexico and Peru, and the islands mostly became supply bases. For centuries the Caribbean was a war zone fought over by European powers - England, France, Spain, and Holland - as well as pirates. In this century, the Windward Passage became a major shipping route between the eastern United States and the Panama Canal. Back to Jamaica Information Index Page.

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