41. Jamaica - History jamaica Country Profile. history. Christopher Columbus claimed jamaica for the King and Queen of Spain in 1494. The British arrived http://www.jsdnp.org.jm/jam1.html

About Us Our Launch SDNP-Global J ... JSDNP Home JAMAICA - Country Profile HISTORY Christopher Columbus claimed Jamaica for the King and Queen of Spain in 1494. The British arrived in 1655, defeated the Spaniards and claimed the island for the King of England. On August 6, 1962, Jamaica became an independent sovereign state and a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations. When Jamaica was discovered in 1494 it was inhabited by an estimated 60,000 Arawak Indians who lived near the coast and were dependent on the sea for much of their food. The Arawak fell victims of European diseases and harsh treatment, and died out by the mid-seventeenth century. The Spanish first settled in 1510, but did little to develop or populate the island in the nearly 150 years before the British arrived in 1655. The British developed plantation agriculture. Jamaica became one of England's most valuable agricultural colonies, as well as a major port in the Caribbean. In the first 150 years of British rule, the population of the island grew largely as a result of slave imports and white immigration The growth of the black population was almost entirely a result of the slave trade. Today Jamaica is a multi-ethnic society, with blacks predominating - 90.9 percent, East Indians, White and Chinese make up 3.1 percent and "other races"- 6.0 percent of the total population.

42. The Reggae Marathon, Negril Jamaica - Registration A bit of Jamaican history. It In 1760 a slave rebellion in Port Maria makes the Coromantee a known figure in Jamaican history. In http://www.reggaemarathon.com/jamaica.htm

Race Start: Dec 4, 2004 5:00:00 a.m. Jamaica History Rastafarians Politics Local News A bit of Jamaican History It is believed that during 300-600 A.D. Indians from South America landed on the shores of Jamaica to begin settlement of our fair isle. It has been speculated that they might have been Arawak or Taino Indians. Some 800-900 years later a fierce band of Indians the Caribs also landed in Jamaica. During his second voyage Christopher Columbus landed in St. Ann's Bay and begins Jamaica's journey into the New World for better or worse. In the early 16th century the first African slaves arrive in Jamaica. In the mid-seventh century, 1655, the English capture Jamaica from the Spanish. The Spanish flee to Cuba but their released slaves become an august part of our history as the Maroons, having the distinction of never being defeated in battle by the English. They earn the right to govern themselves in a treaty signed in 1739. In 1760 a slave rebellion in Port Maria makes the Coromantee a known figure in Jamaican history. In 1807 the English abolish the slave trade to the colonies, but it takes a rebellion led by 'Sam Sharpe' a green preacher in Montego Bay in 1831. The severe retribution of the authorities creates the anti-slavery sentiment in England and in 1834 slavery is abolished. In 1865, Jamaica is made a British colony after the government savagely represses the Morant Bay rebellion led by Paul Bogle by executing over 400 conspirators. In 1872 Kingston becomes the capital of Jamaica. In 1962 we are granted independence from England and so we remain today. The temperature should be a low of 78?F at the start of the race. With low annual rainfall, rain is not expected.

43. Jamaica - The History Of Jamaica jamaica s recorded history began before the birth of Christ when Arawak Indians began arriving in treetrunk canoes from South America. http://www.billfoxtravel.com/info/jamaica/jamaica-history-02.asp

RESORTS SPECIALS PRICE QUOTES CONTACT ... ISLAND INFO The History of Jamaica JAMAICA The Land of Jamaica The History of Jamaica Things to Know Before You Go Jamaica's recorded history began before the birth of Christ when Arawak Indians began arriving in tree-trunk canoes from South America. A gentle people who farmed and fished, the Arawaks were ill-prepared to absorb the impact of the Spanish under Christopher Columbus on May 4, 1494. The first Spanish settlement was established at Seville Nueva near St. Ann's Bay, but the settlers soon moved the capital across the island to present day Spanish Town. Finding no precious metals, the Spanish paid scant attention to their Jamaican colony. When an English force of 5,000 men invaded the island in 1655, they offered little resistance and within a few years abandoned it as a colony. Early English settler planted crops like tobacco, cotton and cocoa and logged indigo. However, privateering and piracy helped Port Royal become one of the richest towns in the Americas and certainly the most notorious. Its title as the wickedest city on earth went down with it when most of it sank during the earthquake of 1692. The eighteenth century saw the reign of King Sugar. Vast acreage of cane fields dominated the plains while hillside slopes palatial residences, like Rose Hall near Montego Bay, were built. Success of the great plantations depended upon a vast and cheap labor force. As a result, slavery was introduced into the New World. Soon, large, organized slave markets were established, consisting primarily of Africans torn forcibly from their homelands and sold as slaves to the planters. Jamaica itself not only absorbed nearly one million slaves but became a huge trans-shipment center for slaves for other colonies in the Americas.

44. Jamaica - HISTORY history. on what he described as the fairest isle that eyes have beheld, to its emergence as an independent state on August 6, 1962, jamaica passed through http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/19.htm

HISTORY Caribbean Islands Table of Contents From May 5, 1494, when Columbus first set foot on what he described as "the fairest isle that eyes have beheld," to its emergence as an independent state on August 6, 1962, Jamaica passed through three main periods. First, it served for nearly 150 years as a Spanish-held way station for galleons en route to and from the Spanish Main. Second, from the mid-1600s until the abolition of slavery in 1834, it was a sugar-producing, slave-worked plantation society. Thereafter it was a largely agricultural, British colony peopled mainly by black peasants and workers. The Spanish adventurer Juan de Esquivel settled the island in 1509, calling it Santiago, the name given it by Columbus. In the period of Spanish dominance from 1509 to 1655, the Spaniards exploited the island's precious metals and eradicated the Arawaks, who succumbed to imported diseases and harsh slavery (see The Pre- European Population, ch. 1). An English naval force sent by Oliver Cromwell attacked the island in 1655, forcing the small group of Spanish defenders to capitulate in May of that year (see The European Settlements, ch. 1). Within 3 years, the English had occupied the island, whose population was only about 3,000, but it took them many years to bring the rebellious slaves under their control. Cromwell increased the island's white population by sending indentured servants and prisoners captured in battles with the Irish and Scots, as well as some common criminals. This practice was continued under Charles II, and the white population was also augmented by immigrants from the North American mainland and other islands, as well as by the English buccaneers. But tropical diseases kept the number of whites well under 10,000 until about 1740.

45. Jamaica/History - Encyclopedia Article About Jamaica/History. Free Access, No Re encyclopedia article about jamaica/history. jamaica/history in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. jamaica/history. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Jamaica/History

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Jamaica/History Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Arawaks The Arawakan languages are an indigenous language family of South America and the Caribbean. The Arawakan languages are spoken over a large swath of territory, from the eastern slopes of the central Andes Mountains in Peru and Bolivia, across the Amazon basin of Brazil, to Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, and Columbia on the northern coast of South America. Taino, commonly called Arawak, was spoken on the Caribbean islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the Bahamas. All Taino speakers are now thought to be bilingual in English or Spanish. Click the link for more information. from South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. South America is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It became attached to North America only recently, geologically speaking, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. The Andes, likewise a comparatively young and seismically restless mountain range, run down the western edge of the continent; the land to the east of the Andes is largely tropical rain forest, the vast Amazon River basin. Click the link for more information.

46. LookSmart - Article Search For " Jamaica History" Results for +jamaica +history from FindArticles (showing 1 10 of 156), About. Join the Zeal community and help build the +jamaica +history Directory Topic. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/PI/search.jhtml?isp=FA&cat=ref&key=+Jamaica +Hi

47. LookSmart - Article Search For " Jamaica History" Results for +jamaica +history from FindArticles (showing 1 10 of 850), About. Join the Zeal community and help build the +jamaica +history Directory Topic. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/PI/search.jhtml?nav=adv&key=+Jamaica +History&m

48. NWC National Water Commission Jamaica - History Overview history records that one of the first ever piped water supply system for the Western Hemisphere originated in the town of Falmouth, Trelawny, jamaica. http://www.nwcjamaica.com/history.html

Search Toll Free: 1-888-Call NWC Coporate Office 5th Floor LOJ Centre 28-48 Barbados Ave. Kingston 5, Jamaica Tele: Fax: Email: pr@nwc.com.jm Best Viewed Using Your browser does not support script Browse History Overview Historical Facts Water Commission/KSAC National Water Authority/Parish Councils The National Water Commission Overview History records that one of the first ever piped water supply system for the Western Hemisphere originated in the town of Falmouth, Trelawny, Jamaica. The Falmouth water wheel, similar in design to the Seville water wheel shown above, is over 270 years old, and today stands solidly as a monumental example of one of the first ever water supply systems in Jamaica. In 1766, Roger Hope Elleston - owner of Hope Estate, constructed an open conduit to carry surplus water from his property to the then town of Kingston, with branches at Duke, King and Orange Streets. The Hope River was the source of this supply and the conduit was constructed at his own expense. The system fell into a state of disrepair and its operation was eventually discontinued in 1777.

49. Jamaica - History , information, websites and maps. •, history. •, money and costs. •, music. •, when to go. •, best of. •, getting around. •, food and drink. jamaica history. http://www.cityreference.com/jamaica/history.htm

Home Jamaica Directory opening hours, festivals and holidays getting there sports and outdoor activities crime and safety ... information, websites and maps history money and costs music when to go best of ... Jamaica

50. Genealogy Of Jamaica, West Indies FAMILY history OF jamaica. WEST INDIES. OUT OF MANY, ONE PEOPLE . Yuh deh yah! Important Dates in the history of jamaica. NATURAL DISASTERS AND EVENTS IN jamaica. http://users.pullman.com/mitchelm/jamaica.htm

FAMILY HISTORY OF JAMAICA WEST INDIES "OUT OF MANY, ONE PEOPLE" Yuh deh yah! (You are right here). Welcome to my Hobby Page. My hobby is FAMILY HISTORY of Jamaica, West Indies (sorry not Jamaica, New York). Maps, sources of genealogy, emblems, my tiny tafel and some fun places to visit are included. I hope this page will be of interest to those who are just getting started on their Jamaican ancestry, as well as those who have pursued this pastime for a while. Madeleine Mitchell's Hobby HomePage "Lignum Vitae"- Wood of Life National Flower of Jamaica My Books Jamaican Genealogy Source of the Month Maps of Jamaica Important Dates in Jamaican History ... My Sister Nora Crook's Work Page You are visitor number to access this site since November 4, 1996 Madeleine Mitchell Comments, corrections and contributions welcome. e-mail to: mitchelm@pullman.com . The icon used on this page is the lignum vitae flower. This page was created with the Hot Dog Pro Web Page Editor Important Dates in the History of Jamaica NATURAL DISASTERS AND EVENTS IN JAMAICA Compiled 21 September,1988 by Madeleine E. Mitchell. Amended November 18, 1996

51. The Scientific Research Council Of Jamaica - History, The The Scientific Researc history. The Scientific Research Council (SRC) is jamaica’s principal public sector agency, responsible for the fostering and coordination of scientific http://www.src-jamaica.org/aboutus/

History Structure Profiles Goals ... Links HISTORY The Scientific Research Council (SRC) the fostering and coordination of scientific research and the promotion of its application. It was established as a statutory body by the passings of a bill by the Legislature, under the leadership of His Rt. Excellent Norman W. Manley (former Premier and now National Hero) in May 1960. The SRC is an agency of the Ministry of Commerce, Science and Technology. “collect, collate and review information concerning scientific research schemes or programmes relevant to the development of the resources of Jamaica (and) to establish and maintain a scientific information center for collection and dissemination of scientific and technical information". The SRC Mini Expo The science and technology projects engaged in by the SRC reflect the goals and objectives of the Government of Jamaica and are implemented within the framework of the National Policy on Science and Technology. Activities undertaken by the SRC have the potential to impact greatly on employment creation and income generation through the application of science and technology.

52. Loyalist Institute: Index To Independent Companies (Jamaica) History Articles, period papers and other records related to the history of the Independent Companies (jamaica). Index to Independent Companies (jamaica) history. http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/indpco/iclist.htm

Index to Independent Companies (Jamaica) History The links on this page will take you to various articles, period papers and other records of the Independent Companies (Jamaica). Formation Orders, 1781 Regimental History Main Page Top of Page The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies This page created and maintained by Nan Cole and Todd Braisted Updated 12/15/99 Document Formatting Optimal Viewing

53. History Of Jamaica jamaica history. The history of jamaica may be divided into the four categories to the left. This is not intended to be an exhaustive http://www.jnht.com/jamaica/history.html

HOME ARCHAEOLOGY ORGANIZATIONS CHURCHES ... CONTACT US JAMAICA - History PRE-COLUMBIAN COLUMBIAN/SPANISH ENGLISH INDEPENDENCE The history of Jamaica may be divided into the four categories to the left. This is not intended to be an exhaustive, but rather a brief snapshot of our country. noelkingdesign.com

54. History Of Jamaica US, jamaica history - Independence. workers. The 1938 labour riots was another turning point in the history of the people of jamaica. http://www.jnht.com/jamaica/independ.html

HOME ARCHAEOLOGY ORGANIZATIONS CHURCHES ... CONTACT US JAMAICA - History - Independence PRE-COLUMBIAN COLUMBIAN/SPANISH ENGLISH INDEPENDENCE Like the rest of the world, Jamaica in 1929 began experiencing a depression in its economic growth. This resulted in a continuous decline in social conditions. By 1938, the workers in an effort to improve their situation went on strike and related upheavals ended with the death of a few workers. The 1938 labour riots was another turning point in the history of the people of Jamaica. Alexander Bustamante who emerged as leader of the new labour movement founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU) later to be associated with the Jamaica Labour Party. In 1938 Norman Manley, the island's foremost barrister, and a cousin of Bustamante formed the People's National Party. Manley led the country to Self Government and Bustamante later became the first Prime Minister of Independent Jamaica. By 1944, adult suffrage was granted giving all males and females 21 years of age and over, the right to vote. The journey towards Self Government had begun.

55. The History Of The Jamaican Flag The history of the flag. by Mark Sensen 23DEC-1995. Flag adopted 6 august 1962. jamaica naval ensign. Proportions about 49. by Jan Oskar Engene 18-SEP-1996. http://www.anieclayton.freeserve.co.uk/jamaica/flags.htm

NATIONAL HEROES HOME NATIONAL ANTHEM The History of the flag by Mark Sensen 23-DEC-1995 Flag adopted 6 august 1962 Jamaica naval ensign. Proportions about 4:9. by Jan Oskar Engene 18-SEP-1996 A proposal for the flag by Mark Sensen 1997-09-16 Meaning of colours The symbolism of the colours is: Yellow, sunshine and natural resources; black, the burdens borne by the people; green, agriculture and hope for the future. "Burdens and hardships there may be, but we have hope and the sun still shines". james dignan 22-NOV-1995

56. History jamaica a brief history including the climate in jamaica, the population in jamaica, sports in jamaica ant the people that makeup jamaica. http://www.anieclayton.freeserve.co.uk/jamaica/history.htm

HOME NATIONAL HEROES A Brief History of Jamaica Political Independence was granted in 1962, following Jamaica's rejection, by referendum, of membership in the Federation of the West Indies The Jamaican Coat of Arms The original Coat of Arms granted to Jamaica in 1661, was designed by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sanderoft. Apart from a partial revision in 1957, it remaines virtually the same as was originally designed. The Arms shows a male and female Arawak, standing on either side of the shield which bears a red cross with five golden pineapples superimposed on it. The Crest is a Jamaican crocodile surmounting the Royal Helmet and Mantlings. The original Latin motto, "Indus Uterque Serviet Uni", has been changed to one in English: "Out of Compiled from various history books by Donna Essix Ackee The National Fruit The National Tree Doctor Bird The National Bird The "Doctor Bird" (Trochilus polytmus) lives only in Jamaica and is one of the most outstanding of all the species of Humming Birds. The feathers of the Doctor Bird are beautifully iridescent, a characteristic peculiar to this family

57. WHKMLA : History Of Jamaica, ToC System history of jamaica, from Lonely Planet Article jamaica, from EB 1911; from Catholic Encyclopedia 1910 edition jamaica, history of, from Lonely Planet http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/caribbean/xjamaica.html

Cuba Haiti First posted on June 26th 2002, last revised on February 21st 2003 Jamaica 1509-1655 Jamaica 1655-1815 Jamaica 1815-1870 Jamaica 1870-1945 ... Jamaica 1945-1962 EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook : Jamaica ; BBC Country Profiles : Jamaica Links Jamaica, from LANIC Timeline : Jamaica, from BBC News ; from timelines.ws Chronology of Catholic Dioceses - Jamaica, from Kirken i Norge Political Resources on the Web : Jamaica For the Record 2000 : Jamaica , from UN Human Rights System History of Jamaica, from Lonely Planet Article Jamaica, from EB 1911 ; from Catholic Encyclopedia 1910 edition Jamaica, History of, from Lonely Planet ; from Island Connoisseur Wars of Jamaica, from Armed Conflict Events Data Jamaica, from Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth Global Currency History : Jamaica DOCUMENTS Flag, from FOTW ; Coat of Arms, from International Civic Heraldry ; from Wappenlexikon , comment in German, with history World Statesmen : Jamaica , by Ben Cahoon Historical Population Statistics : Jamaica, from Population Statistics at Univ. Utrecht

58. WHKMLA : History Of Jamaica, 1509-1655 African slaves were brought in. EXTERNAL FILES, From Island Connoisseur jamaica, history of, Port Royal Articles from Infoplease jamaica. DOCUMENTS, http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/caribbean/jamaica15091655.html

Jamaica English Jamaica, 1509-1655 Discovered in 1494 by Christopher Columbus, Jamaica was conquered and settled by the Spanish in 1509. The Spanish established a number of settlements, most notably the capitals SPANISH TOWN (founded 1534) and PORT ROYAL, founded in 1650. They forced the indigenous population to work for them; the native Arawaks sharply declined in number until they went extinct. African slaves were brought in. EXTERNAL FILES From Island Connoisseur : Jamaica, History of Port Royal Articles from Infoplease : Jamaica DOCUMENTS REFERENCE Jan Rogozinski, A Brief History of the Caribbean (1992) London : Penguin 1994 This page is part of World History at KMLA First posted in 2001, last revised on January 16th 2002 Click here to go Home Click here to go to Information about KMLA, WHKMLA, the author and webmaster Click here to go to Statistics

59. Scout Association Of Jamaica Official site, includes program information, contacts, and history. http://jascouts.tripod.com

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60. A Time Line Of Jewish Jamaica Sources Important Dates in the history of jamaica , compiled 21 September,1988 by Madeleine E. Mitchell, amended November 18, 1996 Pictorial , Ernest http://www.sephardim.org/jamaica/main.html

A Time Line of Jewish Jamaica Sources "Important Dates in the History of Jamaica", compiled 21 September,1988 by Madeleine E. Mitchell, amended November 18, 1996 "Pictorial", Ernest Henriques de Souza J.P., 26 August 1986 "A Record of the Jews in Jamaica from the English Conquest to the Present Time", Jacob A. P. M. Andrade, 1941 1494 3 May Columbus discovered Jamaica 1508 Year Columbus family propriety rights for Jamaica recognized 1655 10 May British Capture Jamaica from Spanish 1662 October Population 3,653 whites, 552 Negroes, total 4,205 1663 Year Jews started settling in Jamaica under British 1664 June Four hundred planters came from Barbados 1664 July Sir Thomas Modyford came with 200 planters 1670 Year There were 70 Sugar Works in Jamaica 1673 Year Population 7,768 whites, 9504 Negroes, total 17,272 1675 1 September 1100 Surinam Settlers Arrived (to St. Elizabeth) 1678 Year Jamaica, Rebellion, Caused by prolongation of martial law 1684 Year Jamaica, Rebellion, first serious one 1686 Year Jamaica, Rebellion, sanguinary, at Chapelton, Clarendon

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