21. Soil Quality or by misapplication of animal manures, irrigation water, fertilizers, pesticides,and consultancy and training in soils and their use, manag ement and http://www.ibiblio.org/ecolandtech/orgfarm/faqs/soil-quality.faq.html

What is Soil Quality or Soil Health? Is there a difference between Soil Quality and Soil Health? Contact: Dr. Bruce T. Bowman FAQ Menu URL: http://res.agr.ca/lond/pmrc/faq/menu.html "Soil Quality vs Soil Health" In a recent publication from the Research Branch of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada entitled " The health of our soils: toward sustainable agriculture in Canada " (D.F. Acton and L. J. Gregorich, editors; 1995), the editors state that the terms Soil Quality and Soil Health can be used interchangeably. In a Statement on Soil Quality by the Soil Science Society of America [SSSA] (Agronomy News, June 1995, Page 7), the editors added the following Footnote on Soil Quality: The terms soil quality (favored by scientists) and soil health (favored by farmers) tend to be used interchangeably, especially in the general press. Characterization of soil quality by scientists focuses on analytical/quantitative properties of soil with a sep arately defined quantitative link to the functions of soil quality. Characterization of soil health by farmers focuses on descriptive/qualitative properties of soil with a direct value judgement (unhealthy to healthy)integrated into the options for a given property; in addition, interwoven into the properties of soil per se are value-based descriptive p roperties of plant, water, air, and animal/human systems considered by farmers to be an integral part of soil health characterization.

22. The Institute Of Subtropical Plants And Olive Tree Of Chania yield of greenhouse grown eggplant under drip irrigation. water use, growth, yieldand fruit quality of Bonanza oranges under different soil water regimes http://www.nagref-cha.gr/endocs/irrigation.html

Home General Info Olive Citrus ... Plants Irrigation and Water Resources Hydroponics and Aromatic Plants Plant Physiology and Nutrition ... Personnel Irrigation and Water Resources Objectives Laboratory equipment The main goals in the Irrigation and Water Resources involve: Studies on water requirements for the main crops, olive trees, citrus, avocados, kiwi and greenhouse vegetables. Evaluation and improvement of the new irrigation methods (drip, microsprinklers, etc.). Study of the soil - plant - water relationships and the plant defense mechanisms to drought. Development of the methodology for the application of consultative irrigation in practice. The evaluation and improvement of the technical and hydraulic characteristics of equipment and the materials of irrigation. Study on the use of low quality waters (saline water, reclaimed wastewaters) for irrigation. Study on the water resources management systems. Results Gas exchange measurements Determination of the water requirements of olives, citrus, avocado and greenhouse vegetables. Definition of the critical growth stages to satisfy the water requirements of the above mentioned crops.

23. Drought And Water Allocation Drought and water Allocation. Compiled by Mary Stevanus. water Quality Information Center. National Agricultural Library. This bibliography lists 71 articles on water allocation as it relates to drought and water shortages dated 1992 1999. irrigation schemes. II. Applications. Menenti, M., Chambouleyron, J., Morabito, J., Fornero, L., and Stefanini, L. water Resour manag http://www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/Bibliographies/drought.htm

The Water Quality Information Center (WQIC) Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture Drought and Water Allocation Compiled by Mary Stevanus Water Quality Information Center National Agricultural Library This bibliography lists 71 articles on water allocation as it relates to drought and water shortages dated 1992 - 1999. Competition for water resources, legal rights and remedies, and economic options are highlighted. All articles are from the AGRICOLA database. This electronic bibliography is intended primarily to provide awareness of recent investigations and discussions of a topic and is not intended to be in-depth and exhaustive. The inclusion or omission of a particular publication or citation should not be construed as endorsement or disapproval. Citations are arranged alphabetically by title and abstracts are included where available. All citations are in English unless otherwise noted. Send suggestions for electronic bibliographies related to water resources and agriculture to wqic@nal.usda.gov

24. Register Of Ecological Models: SWIM irrigation code,. Arnold, JG, JR Williams, R. Srinivasan, KW King, and RH.Griggs,1995 SWAT soil and water Basin scale water qualitymodelling using GIS. http://dino.wiz.uni-kassel.de/model_db/mdb/swim.html

1. General Model Information Name: Soil and Water Integrated Model Acronym: SWIM Main medium: terrestrial Main subject: hydrology, biogeochemistry Organization level: Ecosystem Type of model: not specified Main application: research Keywords: watershed, basin scale, spatially distributed, runoff,groundwater, water quality, crop growth, nutrient cycling, nutrienttransport, erosion, sediment transport, climate change, land usechange, continuous-time, multiple subbasins, multiple hydrotops, threelevel spatial disaggregation, Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration, modified Curve-Number-runoff,GIS, GRASS interface, soil database, SWAT Contact: Valentina Krysanova Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research P.O.Box 601203, Telegrafenberg 14412 Potsdam, Germany Phone: +49-(0)331-288-2515 Fax: +49-(0)331-288-2600 email: valen@pik-potsdam.de Author(s): Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research MATSALU-Modules: V. Krysanova, A. Meiner, J. Roosaare, A. Vasilyev, 1989, Estonian Ac. Sci. Abstract: Model Objectives: to simulate hydrological cycle, erosion, vegetation growth and nutrient transport in mesoscale watersheds (from 100 km2 to 20,000 km2); to analyse climate change and land use change impacts on hydrology and water quality at the regional scale.

25. SWMRU Publication List p. 151. 1999. Tolk, JA, Howell, TA, and Evett, SR Effect of mulch, irrigation, andsoil type on water use and yield of maize. soil Tillage Res. http://www.cprl.ars.usda.gov/wmru/wmpubs.htm

SWMRU Publications USDA-ARS P.O. Drawer 10 Bushland, TX 79012 Files in Adobe PDF format are available below for many of the publications listed. Also, reprints of these publications are available from the above address [attention Dr. Terry A. Howell] as long as reprint supplies last. Note, most reports and book chapters are not available. The latest version of the full manuscript will be sent in most cases (i.e., if an ASAE paper or an Agron. Abstract has been published only the published version will be sent). GET the FREE Adobe Acrobat Reader Prior to 1980 Prior to 1980 (where PDF files are available) 1963. Taylor, H.M., C.E. Van Doren, C.L. Godfrey, and J.R. Coover. Soils of the Southwestern Great Plains Field Stations. Texas A&M University, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. No. MP-669, June 1963. " Manuscript in Adobe format (15,584 kb). 1973. Clark, R.N., and E.A. Hiler. Plant measurements as indicators of crop water deficit. Crop Sci. Vol. 13, p. 466-469. July-August 1973. Manuscript in Adobe format (373 kb).

26. Untitled distribution of soil water balance for a drip irrigated almond tree. Agric water Manag35123146 Coelho (1996). soil water Dynamics under Drip irrigation Transient Flow and Uptake http://www.bard-isus.com/FRPublications/2131.htm

BARD Project Number IS-2131-92RC Publication List Reviewed Publications Andreu, L., J.W. Hopmans and L.J. Schwankl (1997). Spatial and temporal distribution of soil water balance for a drip irrigated almond tree. Agric Water Manag Frueh, W.T. and J.W. Hopmans (1997). TDR calibration of a multilevel probe in gravelly soils. Soil Sci Coelho, F.E. and D. Or (1996). A Parametric Model for Two-Dimonsional Wter Uptake Intensity by Corn Roots under Drip Irrigation. Soil Sci Soc Am J Coelho, F.E. and D. Or (1996). Flow and Uptake Patterns Affecting Soil Water Sensor Placement for Drip Irrigation Management. Trans ASAE (Am Soc Agric Eng) Coelho, F.E. and D. Or (1996). Applicability of analytical solutions for flow from point sources to drip irrigation management. Soil Sci Soc Am J Dasberg, S. and Y. Erner (1996). The effects of irrigation management and nitrogen application on yield and quality of Mineola mandarins. Acta Hortic Koumanov, K.S.m J.W. Hopmans, L.J. Schwankl, L. Andreu and A. Toli (1996). Application efficiency of microsprinkler irrigation of almond trees. Agric Water Manag Or, D. (1996). Drip Irrigation in Heterogeneous Soils: Steady State Field Experiments for Stochastic Model Evaluation.

27. JOURNAL ARTICLES NR and TW Sammis 1993 Selecting Trickle irrigation Filters using TL Jones 1996 Sensitivityof Simulated Field water Balance to Different soil Hydraulic Data http://weather.nmsu.edu/Teaching_Material/sammisres2.html

JOURNAL ARTICLES: 1. Ben-Asher, J., and T.W. Sammis. 1978. Radiation and energy balance of a trickle-irrigated lemon grove. Agro. Jour. Vol. 70, July and August 1978 2. Sammis, T.W. and Lloyd W. Gay. 1979. Evapotranspiration from an arid zone plant community. Jour. of Arid Environments 2:313-321. 3. Sammis, T.W. 1980. Comparison of sprinkler, trickle, subsurface, and furrow irrigation methods for row crops. Agronomy Jour. Vol. 72, No. 5. 4. Sammis, T.W. 1981. Lysimeter for measuring arid zone evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology, 49:385-394. 5. Sammis, T.W. 1981. Yield of alfalfa and cotton as influenced by irrigation. Agronomy Jour., 73(2):323-329. 6. Abdul-Jabbar, A.S., T.W. Sammis, D.G. Lugg. 1982. Effect of moisture level on the root pattern of alfalfa.Irrigation Science 3:197-207. 7. Sammis, T.W., D.D. Evans and A.W. Warrick. 1982. Comparison of methods to estimate deep percolation rates. American Water Resources Assoc. Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 3. 8. Sammis, T.W., E.J. Gregory, and C.E. Kallsen. 1982. Estimating evapotranspiration with water-production functions of the Blaney-Criddle method. Transactions of the ASAE 25(6): 1656-1661. 9. Abdul-Jabbar, A.S., T.W. Sammis, D.G. Lugg, C.E. Kallsen, and D. Smeal. 1983. Water use by alfalfa, corn and barley as influenced by available soil water. Agricultural Water Management, 6:351-363.

28. Pesticides In Ground Water References Pesticides in Ground water References ( 974 References) Abernathy, J.R., leaching of herbicides in soil Environ. manag., v. 15, no on groundwater quality. J. soil water Conserv., v. 40, no http://ca.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/pest.rep/vol2_ref.html

Pesticides in Ground Water References (974 References) Abernathy, J.R., 1989, Protecting water quality through changes in chemical use and management practices, in Proceedings of the Great Plains Agricultural Council, Lubbock, Texas: Great Plains Agricultural Council, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 104-108. Achari, R.G., Sandhu, S.S., and Warren, W.J., 1975, Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in ground water: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., v. 13, no. 1, pp. 94-96. Adams, C.D., and Thurman, E.M., 1991, Formation and transport of deethylatrazine in the soil and vadose zone: J. Environ. Qual., v. 20, no. 3, pp. 540-547. Aelion, C.M., Dobbins, D.C., and Pfaender, F.K., 1989, Adaptation of aquifer microbial communities to the biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds: Influence of substrate concentration and preexposure: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., v. 8, pp. 75-86. Aelion, C.M., Swindoll, C.M., and Pfaender, F.K., 1987, Adaptation to and biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds by microbial communities from a pristine aquifer: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., v. 53, no. 9, pp. 2212-2217. Aga, D.S., Thurman, E.M., and Pomes, M.L., 1994, Determination of alachlor and its sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Anal. Chem., v. 66, no. 9, pp. 1495- 1499.

29. Proceedings Of The Seminar On Integrated Water Resources Manag Integrated water Resources Management Institutional and Policy ReformProceedingsPort of Spain, Trinidad and TobagoJune 2427 1997 Reduction of Demand for irrigation water. Policy interventions http://www.iadb.org/sds/doc/TTProceedingsE.pdf

30. Dr. Grattan - Publications Impacts of gypsum and winter cover crops on soil physical properties and crop productivitywhen irrigated with saline water. Agric. water manag 45(1)5571. http://lawr.ucdavis.edu/faculty/grattan/p-complete.htm

PUBLICATIONS Stephen R. Grattan Grattan, S.R., E.V. Maas, and G. Ogata. 1981. Foliar uptake and injury from saline aerosol. J. Environ. Qual. 10:406-409. Maas, E.V., S.R. Grattan, and G. Ogata. 1982. Foliar salt accumulation and injury in crops sprinkled with saline water. Irrig. Sci. 3:157-168. Grieve, C.M. and S.R. Grattan. 1983. Rapid assay for the determination of water soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant and Soil: 70:303-307. Grattan, S.R. and E.V. Maas. 1984. Interactive effects of salinity and substrate phosphate on soybean. Agron. J. 76:668-676. Grattan, S.R, and C.M. Grieve. 1985. Betaine status in wheat in relation to nitrogen stress and transient salinity stress. Plant and Soil 85:3-9. Grattan, S.R. and E.V. Maas. 1985. Root control of leaf phosphorus and chlorine accumulation in soybean under salinity stress. Agron. J. 77:890-895. Grattan, S.R., R.L. Snyder, and F.E. Robinson. 1988. Yield threshold soil water depletion. In D.A. Goldhamer and R.L. Snyder, (eds) Irrigation Scheduling: A guide for efficient on-farm water management. UC Publication 21454. Oster, J.D. and S.R. Grattan. 1988. Salt effects on plants and soils.

31. Publications 1974. Nitrate and chloride movement in the Plainfield loamy sand under intensiveirrigation. J. Environ. soil Biol. and Biochem. Agri. water manag. 1253262. http://www.johngilmour.com/mainPubs.htm

Publications Text Books 2. Gilmour, J.T. 1998. Study Guide for the Soil Science Fundamentals Examination. Council of Soil Science Examiners. Soil Science Society of America. Madison. Book Chapters 1. Gilmour, J. T. and P. M. Gale. 1988. Chemistry of metals and trace elements in a submerged soil. P. 279-292. In D. D. Hook (Ed.) The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Vol. 1. Croom Helm Ltd. Publishers, England. 2. Gilmour, J.T. 1998. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization during co-utilization of biosolids and composts. 1997 Beltsville Symposium, Beltsville, MD. Journal Articles 1. Gilmour, J. T., and N. T. Coleman. 1971. s-Triazine adsorption studies: Ca-H-humic acid. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35:256-259. 2. Gilmour, J. T., and N. T. Coleman. 1971. Buffer curves and acid strength of humic acid and two resins. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35:710-714. 3. Gilmour, J. T. 1971. Inorganic complexes of divalent mercury in natural water systems. Environ. Letters 2:143-152.

32. UNCCD - United Nations Convention To Combat Desertification information use in optimal management of community irrigation systems in (soil Science) Technion, 1969 D.Sc. Other activities 1. Adjunct Professor (water Eng http://www.unccd.int/cop/cst/experts/individualDetails.php?id=606

33. Mount Lofty Ranges Catchment Program Fire prevention officers. irrigation systems (see water). Local government. Pumps Pump Repairs (see water). Slashing mowing. soil and/or plant tissue testing. http://www.mlrcp.sa.gov.au/farmsupplies.htm

FARM SUPPLIES, CONTRACTORS, INFORMATION Welcome to the Mount Lofty Ranges Small Holdings Directory The Mount Lofty Ranges Small Holdings Directory, prepared by the Southern, Central and Northern Hills Soil Conservation Boards , helps landholders find the services they might need to manage their properties successfully and sustainably. Northern Hills Soil Conservation Board (e-mail) Central Hills Soil Conservation Board (e-mail) Southern Hills Soil Conservation Board (e-mail) Small Holdings Directory Contents Questions to consider before starting a job ANIMAL (not horse) FARM HOUSE Breeding Alternative Energy Concrete Contractor Dog obedience Farm butchering Health Gates Insurance Mud bricks Nutrition Recycling Welfare ( see also Veterinary) Rubbish removal Septic cleaning ASSOCIATIONS Sheds Ag Bureau Soil-testing (physical) Animal (not horse) Slow combustion stoves Environmental Stone masonry Horse Tank cleaning Horticulture Tanks Organic production SA Farmers Federation HORSE Agistment EARTH MOVING Breakers Dam building Dentists Earth movers Farriers Trenching Float hire Float repairs CONTRACTORS / SERVICES Riding lessons Advisers / Consultants Saddlery Cold storage INFORMATION Fencing Agencies (government) Fertiliser spreading Catchment water manag't boards Freight (livestock) Community resource centres Fire prevention officers Irrigation systems

34. Sakia.org - The World Irrigation Index: IR-L: 07-08 1997 Stein 24/07/1997; LAND AND water ELECTRONIC NEWSLETTER Stein - 08/07/1997; Intr.toIRRIGATION-L fr. GEORGE KLASSEN - 03/07/1997; Re soil Moisture Sensors http://www.vl-irrigation.org/cms/index.php?id=262&type=5

35. »»Reviews For Water Resources«« Iraq, where nearly all the arable soil has been destroyed through irrigation. Fistor Open Hand. Published in Paperback by soil water Conservation Society http://www.booksunderreview.com/Science/Environment/Water_Resources/

Water Resources Reviews Related Subjects: Environment Groundwater Oceans Organizations ... Wetlands More Pages: Water Resources Page 1 Book reviews for "Water Resources" sorted by average review score: Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water Published in Hardcover by Vintage/Ebury (A Division of Random House Group) (08 January, 1990) Author: Marc Reisner Amazon base price: Average review score: A Classic of Western History Surely the 59 other reviews that are listed below have covered much of what there is to say about "Cadillac Desert". Resiner has an engaging writing style that veers occasionally into rage and anger. He, um, doesn't much care for the Bureau of Reclamation or the Army Corps of Engineers, although much of his fury is spend on the Bureau. Why, I wonder, did the Army Corps get off so easy? This book actually reads like a series of shorter articles placed together. The book lacks clear sense of direction. The last couple of chapters dealing with "case studies" of specific Dam sites can only be described as "tiresome". However, his early chapters, those dealing with the beginning of irrigation in the west, are fascinating. Personally, I am totally interested in the history of the Salton "Sea" and the mere fact that Reisner devotes several pages to the subject was enough to make reading half this book worthwhile. The other half was made worth while by the fact that I no longer have to pretend that I've read this book, now I've actually read it!

36. Bentonite In Ponds | Malibu Water Resources proved helpful in sealing freshwater ponds, irrigation ditches, reservoirs emailsize of pond, soil type (if the MOST EFFECTIVE METHODS of water loss control. http://www.malibuwater.com/PondBentonite.html

Bentonite in Ponds Pond Design MWR Malibu Water Resources Our Site Directory II Bentonite Pond Design Bentonite Use by Brad Kerr, Fishery Biologist I prefer bentonite to other methods for sealing ponds. My first choice is natural clay found in many areas where ponds are built. The main reason I prefer Bentonite is it retains the ability to exchange nutrients with the sediments. Other hard liners cause all kinds of problems because they don't do this. If nutrients cannot be managed in such a way as to sequester them into sediments, then they accumulate and require other more intensive methods to get rid of them. The bottom line is the pond owner has to fight them. Here is a link to the Bentonite use instruction page from the Cowboy Mining Company. http://www.pondseal.com I sometimes design ponds that use liners, but I have to make particular modifications to get them to manage their nutrients properly. It adds significantly to the costs. If there is one main reason my habitat designs are successful, it's because I understand how to make the pond deal with the nutrients instead of the pond owner having to do it. These garden ponds you see across the country with the rubber liners are a classic example of all this. Pond owners spend a great deal of money on filters, UV sterilizers and liners when they are not needed. It is the liner that causes the nutrient problems that they try to solve with all the filtration. It has become a widely accepted myth that all these ponds need to have a liner.

37. Pubblicazioni 1994 Effect of saline water on soil salinity and on water Conference on Land and waterresources management of different levels of seasonal irrigation water on two http://www.inea.it/isa/file/1994.htm

Per effettuare una ricerca in questo frame premi CTRL+F CASTELLI, F., BIONDANI, M. C., MARCHETTI, R., 1994. Indagine sulla presenza di tripidi nelle coltivazioni di tabacco Virginia Bright del Veronese. Inf. Fitopatologico, IX, 54-57. th International Conference ISTRO, "Soil Tillage for Crop Production and Protection of the Environment", Alborg (Denmark), 24-29 July, II, 997-1004. rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September, S3, 460-461. rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September, S3, 476-477. CEOTTO, E., DONATELLI, M., SPALLACCI, P., CASTELLI, F., 1994. CropSyst validation for soil content of water and nitrate at two locations of Northern Italy. Proceedings of the 3 rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September , S2, 334-335. CONVERTINI, G., FERRI, D., RIZZO, V., 1994. Nitrates dynamic in a vertisol profile cropped with different crop sequences and agrotechnical practices in Southern Italy. Proceedings of the 3 rd ESA Congress, Abano - PD (Italy), 18-22 September, 674-675. th International Conference ISTRO "Soil Tillage for Crop Production and Protection of the Environment". Alborg (Denmark), 24-29 July, II, 983-990.

38. AUTHORIZATION CHECK Establishment methods for alfalfa in irrigated corn. of surface water flows the caseof rainfed cultivation of pearl millet on sandy soil in the water manag. http://wssa.allenpress.com/wssaonline/?request=get-document&issn=0890-037X&volum

39. PARYAVARAN ABSTRACTS, 1995 Vol. 12 No. 1&4 the ground water can safely be used for irrigation. influence on the quality of groundwater in the phosphorus and organic carbon in the soil profiles around http://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/resources/paryaabs/v12n14/watpol.html

Water Pollution Das NK, Sinha RK (Environ Bio Lab, Dept Zoo, Patna Univ, Patna-800005). Pollution status of river Ganga at Patna (Bihar), India. J Freshwater Bio, (2) (1994), 159-16i [17 Ref]. The water is characterised by slightly alkaline nature, less dissolved solids, mild alkalinity, low electrical conductance and low ionic strength. The load of BOD and nutrients was higher all along the city river fronts indicating organic enrichment especially near the sewage outfall sites. Quantitatively, the river water appeared unsuitable for drinking and bathing purposes by the inhabitants of city river water fronts. Gautam Ashutosh, Sati OP (Dept Chem, HNB Garhwal Univ, Srinagar (Garhwal)-246 174, 501P). Metals in the water of river Bhagirathi. J Env Polln, (2) (1994), 69-76 [19 Ref]. The concentrations of eight metals viz. lead, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, magnesium, copper, and calcium in the water of river Bhagirathi were studied from Uttarkashi to Deoprayag. The results showed that all these metals exist below toxic limit, indicating the water to be unpolluted with respect to metals in question. But, the concentration was found to increase from upstream to downstream. The concentration of metals was also higher during winter when compared with summer and monsoon. All the metals showed a positive correlation with total hardness. Gogoi AK, Das HC (Duliajan Sci Soc., Duliajan Coll, Duliajan-786 602, Dibrugarh).

40. PARYAVARAN ABSTRACTS, 1998 Vol. 15 No. 3&4 flora, fauna, genetic resources, water, soil and ecosystem protection of forests;soil conservation and Institution Int International Irrig irrigation J Journal http://sdnp.delhi.nic.in/resources/paryaabs/parya-geninfo.html

General Information The contents in Paryavaran Abstracts have been taken directly from source documents like primary periodicals, research reports, seminar proceedings, standards and patents. Reviews and informatic articles contributed by the subject specialists are also included. Abstracts are broadly classified and arranged under the following heads: Environmental Management Includes Government policies, planning programmes, regulations and legislations; international agreements; impact assessments; environmental education, environmental law and legal actions; sustainable development; siting of industries; clean technologies, eco-development and ecosystem management; and managerial aspects of forestry, biosphere, conservation, waste and wildlife. Air Pollution Includes detection, monitoring and chemical analysis of air pollution control equipment and engineering measurements and standards of industrial and automotive emissions and common air quality parameters; odours, acid rains, thermal discharge, gas and particulate emission; climate change, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion; chemical and biological aspects of air pollution; radioactive fall out, radiation levels and their effects; and effects of air pollutants on soil, plants and animals. Water Pollution Includes all aspects of fresh water pollution (including ground water), pollution of water bodies, chemical and biological contaminants, marine pollution; detection, monitoring and chemical analysis of water pollutants.

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