21. U.S. Iraq History The Freedom of Information Center, US iraq history. Philadelphia Daily News January 27, 2003. June 1979 Saddam Hussein, a leader http://foi.missouri.edu/evolvingissues/usiraqtimeline.html

The Freedom of Information Center U.S. Iraq history Philadelphia Daily News January 27, 2003. June 1979: Saddam Hussein, a leader of a coup that had seized power in Iraq 10 years earlier, officially becomes the nation’s leader. He launches war on neighboring Iran the next year. Dec. 20, 1983: Then-President Ronald Reagan dispatches a former defense secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, as a special envoy to Baghdad, where he is photographed shaking hands with Saddam. The U.S. sees Iraq as a possible buffer against Iran’s radical Islamic fundamentalism. 1988: George H.W. Bush is elected president, while the Iran-Iraq war finally ends. Aug. 2, 1990: Iraq invades and occupies oil-rich Kuwait, its neighbor. The United States and other allies vow to dislodge Saddam. March 3, 1991: U.S.-led Operation Desert Storm retakes Kuwait and routs the Iraqi army. Then- President Bush decides not to oust Saddam, fearing a power vacuum and uncertainty if he is dislodged. February 1992: A team working with deputy defense secretary Paul Wolfowitz drafts a policy to more aggressively use American military power around the globe, both to rout unfriendly regimes and to keep potential rivals in check. The plan is rejected after public outcry. Later that year, Bush is defeated for re-election by Bill Clinton. June 3, 1997: A new conservative policy group with close ties to a number of former members of the Bush administration is formed, calling itself the Project for the New American Century, or PNAC. The group supports more funding for the military and pre-emptive use of American might, if necessary.

22. IRAQ: History Back to Index. iraq history. Tom Grey sends us this excellent article by a Princeton professor Below is just a portion, much of http://wais.stanford.edu/Iraq/iraq_history41203.html

Back to Index IRAQ: History Tom Grey sends us this "excellent article by a Princeton professor: Below is just a portion, much of the article involves Islam as a counter to Western imposed statist systems. Author cautiously optimistic. http://www.nationalpost.com/commentary/story.html?id=%7B0E39D93C-7FF7-43A9-9E5D-A0E7EF4CF6C4%7D In 1940, the French government accepted defeat and signed a separate peace with the Third Reich. The French colonies in Syria and Lebanon remained under Vichy control, and were therefore open to the Nazis to do what they wished. They became major bases for Nazi propaganda and activity in the Middle East. The Nazis extended their operations from Syria and Lebanon, with some success, to Iraq and other places. That was the time when the Baath Party was founded, as a kind of clone of the Nazi and Fascist parties, using very similar methods and adapting a very similar ideology, and operating in the same way as part of an apparatus of surveillance that exists under a one-party state, where a party is not a party in the Western democratic sense, but part of the apparatus of a government. That was the origin of the Baath Party. When the Third Reich collapsed, and after an interval was replaced by the Soviet Union as the patron of all anti-Western forces, the adjustment from the Nazi model to the Communist model was not very difficult and was carried throughout without problems. That is where the present Iraqi type of government comes from. As I said before, it has no roots in the authentic Arabic or Islamic past. It is, instead, part of the most successful and most harmful process of Westernization to have occurred in the Middle East...."

23. IRAQ: History Textrbooks 09.29.03 Back to Index. iraq history textrbooks. The san Francisco Cbronicle (9/27/03) has a long article by Vivienne Walt on the new textbooks used in Iraq. http://wais.stanford.edu/Iraq/iraq_HistoryTextbooks(092903).html

Back to Index IRAQ: History textrbooks The san Francisco Cbronicle (9/27/03) has a long article by Vivienne Walt on the new textbooks used in Iraq. She describes how Iraqi education, once excellent, had been stultified by the Ba'athist regime. Clearly history textbooks are most in need of revision. Yesterday I had a conversation with another educated Iranian American, and once more I got the Iranian version of history, I said that Baghdad flourished under the Arabs, who had seized Iraq when Iran was weakened by its wars with Turkey. She quickly corrected me, saying that the height of Baghdad's culture came before the Arab invasion, when its language was still farsi. Which of us is right? Ronald Hilton Webmaster

24. Iraq: History Click to go to text menu. You are here History. Iraq. The territory of presentday Iraq was the cradle of the Sumerian civilization around 4000 BC. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=52

25. Iraq History Timeline startribune.com, newsfreetimetravelhomezonecarsshoppingworking. metro/regionnation/worldpoliticsbusinesssportsvarietyopinionfuntalkclassifieds. http://www.startribune.com/stories/1608/3652300.html

news freetime travel shopping ... Lost password? Welcome, Member Center Log out Zoom controls : Use the right mouse button (pc) or control/click (mac) to magnify image News graphics index

26. Iraq History Culture Site In French Dedicated To Mesopotamia, History Of iraq history Culture Site in French dedicated to Mesopotamia, history of ancient civilizations, Iraqi pictures, maps ( Hits 161 Rating 0 Votes 0) Cool? http://www.arab.de/arab/Society_Culture/History/more4.html

www.arab.de Jun 2004 Arabs History Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Arab! Business Links Bin Mahfouz Law Firm based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Our firm of ten lawyers is committed to excellence and providing the best service to our clients See Your Ad Here... Pages: Iraq History Culture Site in French dedicated to Mesopotamia, history of ancient civilizations, Iraqi pictures, maps ( Hits: 165 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Kuwait History by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs- rulers, a Chronology of the Gulf War ( Hits: 79 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Legacy of Al-Andalus presents the historical relations between Spain and Maghreb and the Arab World, Al-Andalus and Morocco ( Hits: 123 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Libya - Present History Independence, The Discovery of Oil, Government ( Hits: 132 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Libya My Country History by Giovanni Gianno. Photo album of the Italian presence in Libya ( Hits: 111 Rating: 7.50 Votes: 2)

27. Iraq - Culture, History, Economy, Trade, Government, Tourism, Media Report It. Iraq country profile By ABC News. About iraq history, culture, politics, government. Iraq culture, history, economy, trade, government, tourism. http://www.arab.de/arab/Arab_Countries/Iraq/

www.arab.de Jun 2004 Iraq related web sites Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Sponsored Link Arab! Business-Link - Succeed in marketing your products and services effectively... Get your company listed on ARAB! See Your Ad Here... Pages: Al Basrah Iraq personal site provides facts and reports about the history, culture, tradition and art of Al Basrah city ( Hits: 787 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Al-Ghassani Network poems of the Iraqi Poet in many languages and academic writings. At present working at the University of Costa Rica. Find out more ( Hits: 202 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Background Note Iraq Country profile, history, economy, principal Officials of the Iraqi Interim Administration and political conditions ( Hits: 354 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Dr Latif Yahia The True Story of man Forced to be the Double of Saddam Hussein's Eldest Son Uday with his new book ( Hits: 267 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 5)

28. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Iraq: H ALMISBAH Regions, Nations and Peoples Particular Regions Arabic East iraq history, Politics (WWW). 1. Archives Hub Collections http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302020203_

ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Iraq: History, Politics (WWW) Source Type Newspapers and News Sites URL http://www.alshahid.com/ Keywords DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. Archives Hub : Collections of the Month March 2003: Iraq Source Type Source Materials Archives URL http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/mar03.shtml Keywords Great Britain; colonies; mandates; archives; archival resources; Iraq DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace : Proliferation News and Resources Source Type Topical Websites URL http://www.ceip.org/files/nonprolif/ Keywords Iran; Iraq; Israel; nuclear nonproliferation; nuclear arms control; online publications; treaties DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 4. Committee for the Liberation of Iraq Source Type Official Governmental Server URL http://209.50.252.70 Keywords CLI; Iraq; politics; history; human rights; online articles DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 5. Confronting Iraq : U.S. Policy and the Use of Force Since the Gulf War Source Type Single Articles / Books URL http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1146/

29. The History Guy: The No-Fly Zone War (1991-2003) iraq history A very detailed accounting of Iraqi/Mesopotamian history covering Biblical times to the Present. iraq historyPart of the Iraq4ever website. http://www.historyguy.com/no-fly_zone_war.html

Home Military History Historical Personalities Biofiles ... About Us The "No-Fly Zone War" pitted the air and naval forces of the United States and the United Kingdom (also referred to as "Great Britain"), against the air defenses of Iraq. This conflict proved to be largely ignored by the media and the public in both the U.S. and in the U.K., though it impacted the military and the citizens of Iraq on an almost weekly basis, especially since the intense "Desert Fox" bombing campaign of 1998. The roots of this conflict are quite simple to trace: the inconclusive and vague cease-fire agreement ending the Gulf War Third Persian Gulf War: "Operation Iraqi Freedom" , which began on March 19, 2003. In historical terms, the No-Fly Zone War is considered to have ended on March 19, 2003, when "Operation Iraqi Freedom" began and this conflict segued into the larger war. All three of the U.S.-led Coalition wars with Iraq (the 1990-1991 Gulf War , the 1991-2003 No-Fly Zone War , and the 2003 Gulf War 2 ) can really be seen as one long, extended conflict, but for classification purposes, are seen as separate conflicts. (written on March 22, 2003)

30. Timeline Of Iraq History From Iraqi American Chamber of Commerce Industry Doing Business in Iraq Timeline of iraq history By Jan 2, 2004, 0734. Iraq 3500 http://www.i-acci.org/articles/publish/printer_225.shtml

Doing Business in Iraq Timeline of Iraq History By Jan 2, 2004, 07:34 Iraq 3500 BC The world's first civilization developed in Sumer (now southeastern Iraq). This civilization is referred to as Mesopotamia. 539 BC Mesopotamia was conquered by the Persians. 331 BC Alexander the Great took the area from the Persians. 126 BC The Greek rule ended when the Parthians established control of Iraq. 226 AD The Persian Sassanid dynasty took control of Mesopotamia. 637 AD Arab Muslims conquered the Sassanids. They brought the Arabic language and the Islamic religion to Mesopotamia. 750 The Abbasid dynasty came to power. They founded Baghdad as their capital. 800 Baghdad had grown to a city with nearly a million people. It as the center of trade and culture. 1258 The Arab Empire was destroyed when the Mongols invaded Mesopotamia. Early 1500s The Ottoman Empire gained control of the region. 1700s The Ottoman's power in Mesopotamia began to decline. 1800s The United Kingdom became involved with the Persian Gulf region. They wanted to protect their trade routes with India. 1914-1918 During World War I the United Kingdom became particularly interested in Mesopotamia and its oil resources.

31. Welcome To Iraqi American Chamber Of Commerce & Industry Timeline of iraq history By Jan 2, 2004, 0734 Email this article Printer friendly page Iraq 3500 BC The world s first civilization http://www.i-acci.org/articles/publish/article_225.shtml

Home About Us I-ACCI Background ... Two Groups in Bid to Stabilize Iraq’s Business Climate IACCI Baghdad Office English Arabic Timeline of Iraq History By Jan 2, 2004, 07:34 Email this article Printer friendly page Iraq 3500 BC The world's first civilization developed in Sumer (now southeastern Iraq). This civilization is referred to as Mesopotamia. 539 BC Mesopotamia was conquered by the Persians. 331 BC Alexander the Great took the area from the Persians. 126 BC The Greek rule ended when the Parthians established control of Iraq. 226 AD The Persian Sassanid dynasty took control of Mesopotamia. 637 AD Arab Muslims conquered the Sassanids. They brought the Arabic language and the Islamic religion to Mesopotamia. 750 The Abbasid dynasty came to power. They founded Baghdad as their capital. 800 Baghdad had grown to a city with nearly a million people. It as the center of trade and culture. 1258 The Arab Empire was destroyed when the Mongols invaded Mesopotamia. Early 1500s The Ottoman Empire gained control of the region. 1700s The Ottoman's power in Mesopotamia began to decline.

32. Iraq History, Geography, And Economy PortAl Iraq Iraqi Business and Reconstruction News Iraqi Business Directory, Trade, Jobs, and Tenders. From the CIA World Factbook. Introduction, Iraq. http://www.portaliraq.com/aboutiraq.php

P o r t A l I r a q Information center for Iraq Business and Iraq Jobs Opportunities Looking for employees in Iraq? We have a database of applicants that are willing and able to work in Iraq. Click Here! Exchange Rate 1 USD = 1090 IQD Iraq Business News Iraq Business News Archive Search RSS Feed ... Contact Us Iraq Business Directory (474) Index Browse Search Submit a Company ... Iraq Jobs news Iraq Tenders Ghali Ashawa Powerhouse Bawarky Hydropower Bujil Powerhouse Scheme Practical Iraq Maps Upcoming Events Web Resources About Iraq About Iraq List of Iraqi Ministers Advertising Center Advertise with Us Track my Campaign From the CIA World Factbook Introduction Iraq Background: Geography Iraq Location: Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait Geographic coordinates: 33 00 N, 44 00 E Map references: Middle East Area: total: 437,072 sq km water: 4,910 sq km land: 432,162 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of Idaho Land boundaries: total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km Coastline: 58 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: not specified territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq

33. Iraq History - World66 Although the modern state the Republic of Iraq is quite young the history of the land and its people dates back more than 5 000 years. http://www.world66.com/world/asia/middleeast/iraq/history

the travel guide you write Recent Changes login register Home ... Iraq Sections Iraq Map History Getting There ... [Add Section] Maps View Enlargement History [edit this] This is no World66 image. It was found using an Internet search. more.. [Change image] [Upload image] IRAQ A REPUBLIC since the 1958 coup d'etat that ended the reign of King Faisal II became a sovereign independent state in 1932. Although the modern state the Republic of Iraq is quite young the history of the land and its people dates back more than 5 000 years. Indeed Iraq contains the world's richest known archaeological sites. Here in ancient Mesopotamia (the land between the rivers) the first civilizationthat of Sumer appeared in the Near East. Despite the millennium separating the two epochs Iraqi history displays a continuity shaped by adaptation to the ebbings and flowings of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (in Arabic the Dijlis and Furat respectively). Allowed to flow unchecked the rivers wrought destruction in terrible floods that inundated whole towns. When the rivers were controlled by irrigation dikes and other waterworks the land became extremely fertile. The dual nature of the Tigris and the Euphratestheir potential to be destructive or productivehas resulted in two distinct legacies found throughout Iraqi history. On the one hand Mesopotamia's plentiful water resources and lush river valleys allowed for the production of surplus food that served as the basis for the civilizing trend begun at Sumer and preserved by rulers such as Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.) Cyrus (550-530 B.C.) Darius (520-485 B.C.) Alexander (336-323 B.C.) and the Abbasids (750-1258). The ancient cities of Sumer Babylon and Assyria all were located in what is now Iraq. Surplus food production and joint irrigation and flood control efforts facilitated the growth of a powerful and expanding state.

34. Some Interesting Clinton/iraq History. - TigerBoard.com GATiger, Some interesting Clinton/iraq history. Some interesting Clinton/iraq history. GATiger - 5/6 144720. • Re This was just Clinton distracting http://www.tigerboard.com/boards/missouri-tigers.php?message=1520813

35. HIC - Iraq History HIC Humanitarian Information Centre for Iraq Info Centre. General Info; Donors; P-codes; Situation Reports; UN Funds; Fact Sheets; Market Reports; Useful Links. http://www.hiciraq.org/infocentre/index_txt.asp

HIC - Humanitarian Information Centre for Iraq Info Centre General Info Donors P-codes Situation Reports ... Full version

36. Iraq (British Empire & Commonwealth Land Forces) Brief Constitutional History of Iraq. Note iraq history (Saleh Iraq Home Page); History of Iraq, by Ali alSammawy (Iraq4ever). Maps http://www.regiments.org/milhist/mideast/iraq.htm

Authors and Contributors this page: T.F. Mills Page created 23 January 1996 Corrected and updated IRAQ Iraq Coat of Arms FOTW Major Government Sites Military News General Reference ... Other Web Catalogues Brief Constitutional History of Iraq Note: for a fuller imperial constitutional history see British Empire and Commonwealth Ottoman Empire annexed Mesopotamia (with interruptions of rule by Persia and Egyptian Mamelukes) First World War : Britain declared war on Ottoman Empire British invasion and occupation of Mesopotamia began secret Sykes-Picot Agreement anticipated the partition of the Ottoman empire into British and French spheres of influence with the villayets of Basra and Baghdad going to Britain, and Mosul and Syria to France, but Britain did the fighting and came away with the spoils, taking over Mosul as well as Basra and Baghdad Britain formed state of Iraq from Mesopotamian villayets of Basra, Baghdad and Mosul

37. The Modern Populist News, Opinion, Reviews, May 24, 2004. News. Declassified Documents Shed Light on US/iraq history. On December 18, 2003 declassified documents http://www.neverwillbes.com/

Marketplace Links Contact Home ... News Jun 09, 2004 The Resolution's Weakness New York Times columnist William Safire, an old-school Republican, laments President Bush for double-crossing the Kurds in the latest United Nations resolution on Iraq. Saffire writes, "In his eagerness for the approval of the Shiite religious leader — and driven by desperation to get yesterday's unanimous U.N. resolution in time for the G-8 meeting — President Bush may be double-crossing the Kurds, our most loyal friends in Iraq." It's refreshing to know that there are still some Republican's out there that have a mind of their own and are not slaves to ideology and partisan politics. Thanks William Safire and David Brooks. Read Safire's entire New York Times editorial. Posted by editor THE BUSH MEMOS ON PRISONER ABUSE Texan Jim Hightower editorializes on the Department of Justice memos leaked memos which detail how U.S. interrogators can sidestep the Geneva Convention and utilize torture as a tool for extracting information from prisoners. Read Hightower's editorial.

38. Iraqi History Page WELCOME. to. iraq s history Page. It might be obvious for everyone that in order to establish a correct understanding of the situation http://www.angelfire.com/nt/Gilgamesh/history.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" WELCOME to Iraq's History Page It might be obvious for everyone that in order to establish a correct understanding of the situation in a certain country, you need to acquire a proper knowledge of the history of that country. Thus, I tried to collect as much information as possible about the Iraqi history. The main objective was to provide a historical profile of Iraq that is both short and satisfying at the same time. Here you will find breif information about the different stages of the Historical development in Iraq, from the oldest known traces of the early human populations in this part of the world until the recent days in a chronological order. I hope that this humble effort would help younger Iraqi generations in diaspora to maintain a better knowledge about the History of their Homeland, and at the same time I hope that every friend of the Iraqi people would find some useful information regarding the history of Iraq. Please... Notice that the long and rich History of Iraq is much greater than being displayed entirely on few pages on internet; yet this page could serve as a proper start point.

39. Iraq Timeline World history, World history. Report Search Engine Rankings. iraq. 3500 BC The world s first civilization developed in Sumer (now southeastern iraq). http://www.worldhistory.com/iraq.htm

World History Search World History Archives: powered by FreeFind Wars U.S. History World History ... Report Search Engine Rankings Iraq 3500 BC The world's first civilization developed in Sumer (now southeastern Iraq). This civilization is referred to as Mesopotamia. 539 BC Mesopotamia was conquered by the Persians. 331 BC Alexander the Great took the area from the Persians. 126 BC The Greek rule ended when the Parthians established control of Iraq. 226 AD The Persian Sassanid dynasty took control of Mesopotamia. 637 AD Arab Muslims conquered the Sassanids. They brought the Arabic language and the Islamic religion to Mesopotamia. The Abbasid dynasty came to power. They founded Baghdad as their capital. Baghdad had grown to a city with nearly a million people. It as the center of trade and culture. The Arab Empire was destroyed when the Mongols invaded Mesopotamia. Early 1500s The Ottoman Empire gained control of the region. The Ottoman's power in Mesopotamia began to decline. The United Kingdom became involved with the Persian Gulf region. They wanted to protect their trade routes with India. During World War I the United Kingdom became particularly interested in Mesopotamia and its oil resources.

40. ArabNet Iraq Overview. history. Cradle of civilisation. Age of empires The marshes. Links to iraqoriented web sites http://www.arab.net/iraq

Overview History Cradle of civilisation Age of empires British influence The growing state Geography Location Map Topography Climate ... Natural resources Business Agriculture Industry The economy Culture Media Transport Roads Rail Air Tour Guide Visas Cities Ancient sites North-east mountains ... Links to Iraq-oriented web sites

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