1. Iraq: History iraq history. CONTENT. INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation 2. Defense 3. Economy 4. Health Education 5. Human rights 6. Religions Peoples 7. History, http://i-cias.com/e.o/iraq_5.htm

Click to open Encyclopaedia of the Orient on its front page Iraq: History CONTENT INTRODUCTION Political situation Defense Economy ... History In this summary, ' Mesopotamia ' is used for the region, while 'Iraq' is used from the time of the Arab conquest. 3100 BCE: The civilization of Sumer , with city states, which develops systems of irrigation, trade and writing. Around 2600: Akkadians moves into Mesopotamia. Around 2350: Akkadian kingdom established by Sargon Around 1950: Invasion of Sumer by Elamites and Amoritts. Hammurabi , the most famous Amotittian ruler of Babylonia Around 1590: The Kassites take power. Around 1370: Assyria starts to become a regional power. Kassites are driven out of power by the Elamites. Around 1120: Babylonia becomes a strong power. Around 1000: Arameans move into the Mesopotamian region. Babylon destroyed by the Assyrians. New Babylonian kingdom under the Chaldeans. Fall of Assyria. Mesopotamian region is conquered by Persians, under the control of Cyrus the Great. Conquest by Alexander the Great. Greek Seleucid dynasty reigns in Mesopotamia, with Seleucia as capital, infusing Hellenistic culture.

2. Iraq History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Curr No claims are made regarding the accuracy of iraq history information contained here for corrections of any errors about iraq history should be addressed to the Library of http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Iraq History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria ... THE IRAN-IRAQ CONFLICT NOTE: The information regarding Iraq on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Iraq History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Iraq History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

3. IRAQ HISTORY iraq history. back to WWFOR Iraq Interest Network page 1918Great Britain uses systematic aerial bombardment for first time in history to put down rebellions in Iraq http://www.scn.org/wwfor/iraqhist.html

4. The Consortium International From free trade to the Kosovo crisis. Other Investigative Stories. Editorials. Missing USiraq history. By Robert Parry February 27, 2003. http://www.consortiumnews.com/2003/022703a.html

Contribute Links Contact Us Books The Consortium On-line is a product of The Consortium for Independent Journalism, Inc. To contact CIJ, click here. Home Recent Stories Archives ... Emperor Bush A closer look at the Bush record W.'s War on the Environment Going backward on the environment The 2000 Campaign Recounting the controversial presidential campaign Media Crisis Is the national media a danger to democracy? The Clinton Scandals The story behind President Clinton's impeachment Nazi Echo (Pinochet) Fascism's comeback The Dark Side of Rev. Moon Rev. Sun Myung Moon and American politics Contra Crack Contra drug stories uncovered Lost History How the American historical record has been tainted by lies and cover-ups The October Surprise "X-Files" The 1980 October Surprise scandal exposed International From free trade to the Kosovo crisis Other Investigative Stories Editorials Missing U.S.-Iraq History By Robert Parry February 27, 2003 B efore George W. Bush gives the final order to invade Iraq a nation that has not threatened the United States the American people might want a few facts about the real history of U.S.-Iraq relations. Missing chapters from 1980 to the present would be crucial in judging Bush’s case for war. Click for Printable Version But Americans don’t have those facts because Bush and his predecessors in the White House have kept this history hidden from the American people. When parts of the story have emerged, administrations of both parties have taken steps to suppress or discredit the disclosures. So instead of knowing the truth, Americans have been fed a steady diet of distortions, simplifications and outright lies.

5. Iraq History History of Iraq. Select Another Country . http://www.countryreports.org/history/iraqhist.htm

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6. Special Edition: Iraq History Series Hourly Updated News. Who in The World Knows? Technology Report. Books. Jobs. Jeb Sharp. Part 1 Iraq's British Legacy February 11, 2003 ( full transcription and bonus material) The history of http://www.theworld.org/Iraq

Hourly Updated News Who in The World Knows? Technology Report Books Jobs The history of Iraq over the past century has been violent and troubling. Its colonial legacy set it on a course that led to the rise of the Arab Baath Socialist Party Jeb Sharp Part 1 Iraq's British Legacy February 11, 2003 (full transcription and bonus material) When the British and French divided their spoils after World War I, Britain got three former provinces of the Ottoman Empire which became Iraq. The British decided not to run their new territory directly but instead to install a "friendly" Arab leader as King. They chose Prince Faisal, friend of the colorful British colonel TE Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia. King Faisal managed to lead the country to independence in 1932 but Iraq did not really shake off British domination until 1958 when a violent coup overthrew the monarchy. This segment describes the Anglo-Iraqi relationship and its legacy. Part 2 The Rise and Rule of Saddam Hussein February 12, 2003

7. In These Times | Missing U.S.-Iraq History Missing USiraq history. I am reading the comments and am totally confused. The article I just read was about the lost history between Iraq and the US. http://www.inthesetimes.com/comments.php?id=498_0_1_0_C

8. Missing U.S.-Iraq History -- In These Times Features December 16, 2003. Missing USiraq history. By Robert Parry. With all the hoopla surrounding the capture of Saddam Hussein http://www.inthesetimes.com/site/main/article/missing_us_iraq_history/

@import "http://www.inthesetimes.com/site?css=include/css"; @import url("http://www.inthesetimes.com/site/include/css/"); Skip navigation. radio resources polls ... membership Features > December 16, 2003 Missing U.S.-Iraq History By Robert Parry Chicago Tribune In almost all of the instant histories that filled the news pages and the airwaves after his capture, the relationship between Saddam and successive U.S. presidential administrations has been ignored. National Public Radio, the Washington Post, the New York Times, What follows is an article by investigative reporter Bob Parry, in which he fills in some of the missing pieces. It originally appeared February 23, 2003, before the war started, on Consortiumnews.com. As a correspondent for the Associated Press and Newsweek in the 1980s, Robert Parry broke many of the stories now known as the Iran-Contra Affair. His latest book, Lost History, is available on the Consortiumnews.com order page An Unnecessary War Foreign Policy, January/February 2003.] Through the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, as first one side and then the other gained the upper hand, the Reagan administration was officially neutral but behind the scenes tilted from one side to the other. While congressional inquiries and press accounts have sketched out some of these facts over the years, the current Bush administration continues to plead ignorance or question the reliability of the stories.

9. Special Edition: Iraq History Series The history of Iraq over the past century has been violent and troubling. Its colonial legacy set it on a course that led to the http://www.theworld.org/iraq/

Hourly Updated News Who in The World Knows? Technology Report Books Jobs The history of Iraq over the past century has been violent and troubling. Its colonial legacy set it on a course that led to the rise of the Arab Baath Socialist Party Jeb Sharp Part 1 Iraq's British Legacy February 11, 2003 (full transcription and bonus material) When the British and French divided their spoils after World War I, Britain got three former provinces of the Ottoman Empire which became Iraq. The British decided not to run their new territory directly but instead to install a "friendly" Arab leader as King. They chose Prince Faisal, friend of the colorful British colonel TE Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia. King Faisal managed to lead the country to independence in 1932 but Iraq did not really shake off British domination until 1958 when a violent coup overthrew the monarchy. This segment describes the Anglo-Iraqi relationship and its legacy. Part 2 The Rise and Rule of Saddam Hussein February 12, 2003

10. Special Edition: Iraq History Series audio button, BBC News Bulletin Hourly Updated News. The World, Who in The World Knows? Technology Report Books Jobs. Global Hits Geo http://www.theworld.org/maradonna/maradonna.html

Hourly Updated News Who in The World Knows? Technology Report Books Jobs ... FAQ

11. The Consortiumnews.com consortiumnews.com. Missing USiraq history. By Robert Parry February 27, 2003. Before George W. Bush gives the final order to invade http://www.consortiumnews.com/Print/022703.html

consortiumnews.com Missing U.S.-Iraq History By Robert Parry February 27, 2003 B efore George W. Bush gives the final order to invade Iraq a nation that has not threatened the United States the American people might want a few facts about the real history of U.S.-Iraq relations. Missing chapters from 1980 to the present would be crucial in judging Bush’s case for war. But Americans don’t have those facts because Bush and his predecessors in the White House have kept this history hidden from the American people. When parts of the story have emerged, administrations of both parties have taken steps to suppress or discredit the disclosures. So instead of knowing the truth, Americans have been fed a steady diet of distortions, simplifications and outright lies. This missing history also is not just about minor details. It goes to the heart of the case against Saddam Hussein, including whether he is an especially “aggressive” and “unpredictable” dictator who must be removed from power even at the risk of America’s standing in the world and the chance that a war will lead to more terrorism against U.S. targets. For instance, George W. Bush has frequently cited Saddam Hussein’s invasions of neighbors, Iran and Kuwait, as justification for the looming U.S. invasion of Iraq. “By defeating this threat, we will show other dictators that the path of aggression will lead to their own ruin,” Bush declared during a speech in Atlanta on Feb. 20.

12. WWW-VL: History Index: Modern Iraq History; Gulf War, Ba'th Party Fall, US Occup History Surveys and Overviews An Overview of the History of Iraq; iraq history; Encyclopedia of the Orient Contains numerous historical articles, maps and http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/near_east/iraq.html

WWW-VL: HISTORY: IRAQ SPECIAL FACILITY Daily Iraq Crisis Bulletin Geography Reference Bibliography ... Military History Click here for: WWW-VL: W3 Search Engines The WWW-VL: History Central Catalogue Research Tools Geography Maps Country Maps Political 1999 Administrative Divisions Relief Cities and Regions Bahdad and Vicinity, 1992 Central Baghdad 1998 , by Kenny Hopper [428Kb] Al-Basrah Region [833Kb-detailed] Al Mawsil [Mosul]-Arbil Region, Northern Iraq [927Kb-detailed] Husaybah [Qusaybah] and Iraq/Syria Border [638Kb-detailed] Kirkuk-Arbil Region [676Kb-detailed] East-Central Iraq Northern Iraq [721Kb-detailed] Western Kuwait and Neighboring Iraq Iraqi-Jordanian Border Sulaymaniyah Region [721Kb-detailed relief] Thematic Maps Ethnoreligious Groups Population Density Kurdish Lands Map for the Iraq-Iran War ... Map for Coalition Arrack on Iraq and occupied Kuwait Gazeteers Cities and Towns , from Calle [with local maps and image search] Geographic Finding Aids Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Language Languages of Iraq , from Ethnologue Map of Spoken Languages , from Ethnologue Arabic Dictionaries Language, Culture and Grammar Notes

13. Arab Gateway: Iraq - History iraq history. 1977. The Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East Michael Roaf. 1990. Ancient Iraq (Penguin History) Georges Roux. 1993. http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/iraq/history.htm

ARAB gateway HOME PAGE SITE SEARCH Arab A to Z Art/architecture ... CONTACT US IRAQ: HISTORY IRAQ: MAIN PAGE ABOUT IRAQ: Books Documents Economy History Internet Maps Media News ... Travel IRAQ UNDER SADDAM HUSSEIN: Military Opposition Sanctions THIS PAGE: Ancient culture Ancient Mesopotamia Archaeology Books ... Twentieth century ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Cradle of civilisation A very brief introduction from ArabNet Chronology of Mesopotamia 9000-500 BC Mesopotamian Timeline from 5000 to 250 BC Mesopotamia: an introduction Geographical and climatological background, including an introduction to the people (Sumerians, Akkadians, etc), the divine world, economy, Assyriology and archaeology. [From Akkadian Language by John Heise] Pre-history in Mesopotamia The Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. [From Akkadian Language by John Heise] Proto-history in Mesopotamia Sumerian kings, the Flood story, first cities (Jemdet Nasr), the Old Sumerian Age, and the Early Dynastic period. [From Akkadian Language by John Heise]

14. Philadelphia Daily News 01/27/2003 US Iraq History US iraq history. June 1979 Saddam Hussein, a leader of a coup that had seized power in Iraq 10 years earlier, officially becomes the nation’s leader. http://www.philly.com/mld/dailynews/5041206.htm

15. Iraq History Mesopotamia, the ancient name for the region now known as Iraq, was the birthplace of one of the oldest civilizations known to mankind. http://www.nationbynation.com/Iraq/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... IRAQ Mesopotamia, the ancient name for the region now known as Iraq, was the birthplace of one of the oldest civilizations known to mankind. The Sumerians arose some 3000 years before Christ and from their city-states, the empire of Babylonia developed. Babylon fell to the Assyrians in 1350 B.C., and then to the Persians under Cyrus and Darius. persian rule would define the area for the next millennium. Islam began expanding in the 600s A.D. and quickly absorbed the Persian-ruled areas. The Caliphate was moved to Baghdad in 762. After the Mongols attacked Baghdad in 1258, the region declined such that it was easy pickings for the Ottomans in 1534 and thus Iraq remained for nearly 400 years. In 1915, the British occupied Iraq and after World War I, Britain continued to govern under the provisions of a League of Nations mandate. Under British supervision, a Hashemite monarchy was established in 1921. The kingdom became independent in 1932 but continued its close relationship with Britain, one predicated on the oil and defense interests of the British. But the British were not universally loved in Iraq as evidenced by the coups that were repelled with the ehlp of British troops. After a 1941 attempt wherein Italy and Germany were approached for aid, Britain took no chances. It sent troops to secure the throne and then ensure that Iraq declare war on the Axis in 1943. Post-war, Iraq joined the Arab League and took part in the war fought in 1948 to prevent Israel from being established. When the conflict ended, nearly the entire Jewish population of Iraq left for Israel. The monarchy was deposed in 1958 by a left-wing coup. The new regime turned against the West, nationalized oil and other industries, and broke up large landholdings. The radical Socialist Ba'ath party came to power in 1968. Soviet advisors and armaments followed in 1972, preparing Iraq to participate in the 1973 Yom Kippur War against Israel (Iraq sent troops to the Syrian front-lines). In 1975, Iraq took on the Kurds who were defeated by at great cost. In 1979, Gen. Saddam Hussein took over the government and a year later, war broke out between Iran and Iraq. It would continue, with little accomplished except the killing of hundreds of thousands and massive destruction on both sides. In 1981, Israel destroyed an Iraqi nuclear reactor that was apparently engaged in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Iraq and Iran agreed to a ceasefire in 1988. The international community criticized Iraq's continued repression and arms acquisitions, particularly when Iraqis were seized trying to smuggle nuclear weapon components from the UK and the US. In 1990, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait, setting the stage for the Gulf War five months later. Though Saddam Hussein was defeated, he was left in control of the country, which has spent the years since the Gult War ended, trying to stymie United Nations arms inspectors and dealing with the results of UN-sponsored sanctions.

16. RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY iraq history Filled More With Ethnic, Political Violence Than Religious Conflict. By Valentinas Mite. Aftermath of the recent bombings in Karbala. http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/03/84f0f5a3-2350-4adc-b846-ab127b7eb29

Choose a Language Site Afghan [Dari] Afghan [Pashto] Afghan [English] Albanian Arabic [Radio Free Iraq] Armenian Armenian [English] Azerbaijani Belarusian Bulgarian Estonian Georgian Kazakh Kyrgyz Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Romanian Persian Russian Slovak South Slavic [Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian] Tajik Tatar-Bashkir Turkmen Ukrainian Uzbek Top Stories RFE/RL Newsline Features Reports ... homepage Wednesday, 10 March 2004 E-mail this page to a friend Print Version Iraq: History Filled More With Ethnic, Political Violence Than Religious Conflict By Valentinas Mite Aftermath of the recent bombings in Karbala. Recent attacks on Shi'a targets in Iraq raised fears of sectarian violence. But analysts say religion plays a rather modest role in Iraqi society. The country's history, they note, provides more examples of ethnic violence against the Kurds, for example or political turmoil, such as coups, than conflicts along religious lines. Prague, 10 March 2004 (RFE/RL) Last week's bombings in Baghdad and Karbala, in which hundreds of Shi'a were killed or injured, raised fears that sectarianism might emerge as a serious threat to stability. But analysts say the media and many politicians are focusing too much on relations between Iraq's Shi'a and Sunni Muslim communities.

17. LII - Results For "iraq History" Advanced Search. Results for iraq history 1 to 2 of 2, The Lesson of Iraq Historical perspective from an article by William R. Polk http://www.lii.org/search?searchtype=subject;query=Iraq History;subsearch=Iraq H

18. Iraq History Of Iraq Study Of Iran Country Of Iraq Arkansas Encyclopedia Encyclo iraq history of Iraq Study of Iraq Country of Iraq discussed in the Arkansas Encyclopedia of famous Arkansans, landmarks, state events, and historic happenings http://anythingarkansas.com/arkapedia/pedia/Iraq/

Home Free Offers Directory A ... Z History of Iraq The Republic of Iraq is a nation in the Middle East region and in the southwest of Asia . It shares borders with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south, Turkey to the north, Syria to the north-west, Jordan to the west and Iran to the east. Located in Mesopotamia , the country is currently in a state of flux following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent Anglo-American military occupation History Main article: History of Iraq The fertile area of Mesopotamia , between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, was the birth place of several of the world's oldest civilisations, such as the Sumerians , Babylonians and Assyrians . After being part of Persia for a long time, it was conquered by the Arabs in 656 , and in 762 the Caliphate was moved to the new city of Baghdad (near ancient Babylon ). This city remained the centre of the Arab world until it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1534 In 1915 , British troops occupied Iraq and established a League of Nations mandate, which ended with independence in 1932

19. Iraq History And Government - AME Info Home Middle East Country Guides Iraq History and Government. Republic of Iraq. iraq history and Government. History Mesopotamia http://www.ameinfo.com/iraq_history_government/

Home E-mail User Login Thursday, June 10 - 2004 The ultimate Middle East business resource Daily News Wires Company News Event News Education Energy, Oil and Gas ... Real Estate Video Content Features and Events Industry Talk Financial Markets Arab Capital Markets Company Profiles Dr. Marc Faber Emerging Markets ... CNNArabic.com Business Extra Appointments Business Features E-Business Enterprise Solutions ... Focus on CRM Industry Focus Arabian Environment Disaster Recovery Executive Education Leadership ... Public Relations Additional Services AME Info Toolbar Business Intelligence Currency Converter Current World Time ... Iraq : History and Government Republic of Iraq Iraq History and Government History In 1920, Iraq was placed under a League of Nations mandate administered by the UK, whose forces had occupied most of the country. The Hashemite Amir Faisal ibn Hussain, brother of the new ruler of neighbouring Jordan, Abdallah, was proclaimed King in 1921. The country achieved independence in 1932, but British forces intervened once again in 1941 to prevent a pro-Nazi coup. British troops were finally withdrawn in 1947. In 1958, the Hashemite Dynasty was overthrown by a group of radical army officers inspired by the example of Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt, and led by Brigadier Abdul al-Karim Kassem. The new regime failed to consolidate its position, however, and relied on a precarious coalition of forces, which quickly disintegrated. The fighting lasted until August 1988 when the two exhausted nations sued for peace with Iraq having made some minor territorial gains. The Iraqi economy was crippled and had incurred an enormous foreign debt, much of which was owed to neighbouring Kuwait: this became a serious source of friction between the two governments over the next 2 years.

20. Iraq (Introduction) For a very brief history of Iraq, visit the following Iraq pages of Arab Net. Another account may be found on the iraq history pages. http://www.eurolegal.org/mideast/iraq.htm

Use these links to navigate within this section or to return to our Home Page Section A - Israel and Palestine Section B - Iraq and Other Middle East Issues This page was last updated on: Wednesday, 26 May 2004 Iraq - Introduction Modern Iraq occupies roughly what was once ancient Mesopotamia, one of the cradles of human civilisation. As its ancient name implies, Iraq lies principally between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In the Middle Ages Iraq was the centre of the Islamic Empire, with Baghdad the cultural and political capital of an area extending from Morocco to the Indian subcontinent. Mongol invasions in the 13th century saw its influence wane, and it played a minor role in the region until independence from British control in 1932. The following summary of the not altogether glorious history of British activity in Iraq from the fall of the Ottoman Empire is largely extracted from the US Library of Congress country studies on Iraq. Iraq 1914 - 1932 Invasion 1914 wilayat (sing.

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