101. The Age Australian and coalition troops were needed to help maintain stability in iraq until democratic elections were held and a permanent government was established. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/05/15/1084570992636.html

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102. Cataloging Terror -- Makiya And Team Lead Effort To Index Iraqi Atrocities are now examining seem to affirm that belief – in particular those focusing on the iraqi government’s crackdown against the Kurds in Northern iraq in the http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2000/04.20/iraqiproject.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] April 20, 2000 SEARCH THE GAZETTE HARVARD GAZETTE ARCHIVES Cataloging Terror Makiya and team lead effort to index Iraqi atrocities By Doug Gavel Gazette Staff Kenan Makiya, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, coordinates a project to catalog millions of pages of documents taken out of Iraq after the Gulf War. Photo by Kris Snibbe. In the Belly of the Beast "I returned to Northern Iraq in the fall of 1991 … after I heard that the Kurds had captured large quantities of documents," Makiya explains. "I was able to confirm [the documents] were very considerable and potentially very valuable." Eventually the Kurds were convinced to assemble volumes of information from a number of different sources, then turn them over to American authorities, with Makiya obtaining a promise from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the body in charge of the documents, that he would eventually receive a copy. "For my purposes, the main interest lies in being able to look at this rather extraordinary regime in Iraq from the inside out … from the belly of the beast, so to speak." For several years, state department officials and human rights organizations such as Human Rights Watch pored through the documents. Finally, last year, they turned over 17 6 CDs, filled with millions of digitally scanned images, to the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. That’s when Makiya went to work – securing funding and forming a five-person team to help design and run the software necessary to sort through and index the information, and then develop a comprehensive, multimedia Website (www.fas.harvard.edu/~irdp) that will allow others to access the documents. Operators are now indexing the material page by page. "On average, we can do 30 to 40 pages an hour," Makiya says. "The target is to have covered between 60,000 and 100,000 pages by the end of October. That would give us a sampling, a small feel for the potential utility of the material."

103. How Did Iraq Get Its Weapons? We Sold Them - [Sunday Herald] The Senate report also makes clear that ÒThe United States provided the government of iraq with Ôdual use licensed materials which assisted in the http://www.sundayherald.com/27572

print edition site map news alerts NEWSPAPER OF THE YEAR Est 1999 IN THIS SECTION: Doctor awarded Military Cross recalls days of battle By Elizabeth McMeekin By Stephen Naysmith, Education Correspondent BBC wants new HQ to be work of art By Elizabeth McMeekin Bush pulls off D-Day truce with France to win support on Iraq World leaders gather in Normandy with Germany attending for first time From Torcuil Crichton in Paris Childcare workers tell of attacks by parents Report reveals daily violence, abuse and threats against beleaguered welfare specialists By Liam McDougall, Health Correspondent By Iain S Bruce Executive gives Lech Walesa a wide berth By Alan Crawford, Political Correspondent Executive miss slopping out appeal deadline Pressure mounts on Jamieson as taxpayer faces potential compensation bill of millions By Alan Crawford, Political Correspondent Fishermen: oil hike is our biggest threat By Douglas Fraser, Political Editor Hepatitis C victims fight for secret files Haemophiliacs in court move demand to see official papers By Liam McDougall, Health Correspondent

104. Iraq Revenue Watch: Monitoring Iraq Reconstruction Funds, Contracts, Oil UN Security Council members are drafting a resolution that will define key issues concerning the sovereignty of iraq’s interim government, the iraqi http://www.iraqrevenuewatch.org/

Revenue Watch Home Further Reading Key Documents About Us ... Links Enter your email address here to be notified when the site is updated: Submit confidential information on Iraq’s revenues and resources here Open Society Institute EurasiaNet ... Publish What You Pay Briefing: New UN Resolution Must Turn over U.S. Control of Iraq's Oil Revenues to Iraqis PDF File) Report: Racing the Deadline: The Rush to Account for Iraq's Public Funds The monitoring group in charge of overseeing Iraq's oil revenues has less than three months to account for billions of Iraqi funds spent by the Coalition Provisional Authority, says this report by the Open Society Institute's Iraq Revenue Watch project. The report warns that the International Advisory and Monitoring Board (IAMB) cannot provide accurate accounting for this money unless it is able to work beyond June 30th, when the Coalition Provisional Authority is scheduled to hand over power to an Iraqi interim government. Report: Opening the Books: Transparent Budgeting for Iraq Report:

105. Government Documents: War With Iraq iraq Heritage in Danger (UNESCO World Heritage News). Links. Declassified Documents Reference System. Full-text of selected US government declassifed documents http://www.dartmouth.edu/~govdocs/iraq.htm

WAR WITH IRAQ Primary sources related to the War With Iraq news bush doctrine president congress ... links Current News White House: News Press Briefings Videos United States Central Command: News Releases Transcripts Department of Defense: News Releases News Transcripts Photos State Department: Press Releases (Powell) Press Releases (Other) Daily Press Briefings Iraq ... Travel Warnings United States Mission to the United Nations: Press Releases United States Agency for International Development: Press Releases Assistance Reconstruction United Nations: News Centre Bush Doctrine/Preemption Strategy What were the origins of the Bush Doctrine? The following chronology of key formative documents and statements is partially based on the Frontline episode The War Behind Closed Doors (aired on PBS February 20, 2003), the companion Frontline

106. JURIST's Paper Chase - Legal News Worth Thinking About Council Monday, the US and Britain presented a resolution that would formally transfer governing authority in iraq to a sovereign interim government by June http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/

THE PAPER CHASE JURIST >> THE PAPER CHASE Law news updated: document.write(document.lastModified); ET here or LEGAL NEWSFEED NOW AVAILABLE FOR WEBSITES AND INTRANETS Wednesday, June 9 Saddam's lawyers press for access, threaten legal action Jeannie Shawl on 6/9/2004 04:57:24 PM Lawyers for Saddam Hussein, led by Jordanian Mohammad Rashdan, continue their requests to be given access to their client and have threatened to "take the necessary legal measures against any US official who obstructs its action in line with US laws, which give the administration a 20-day deadline" to meet the request. The International Committee of the Red Cross has also been contacted by Saddam's lawyers who have asked for ICRC assistance and a report on Saddam's health. Additionally, a letter has been sent to the Defense Department requesting "access and copies of all records concerning the current whereabouts of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and all records concerning his medical condition since his capture," under the Freedom of Information Act. AFP has the full story Read the latest link e-mail ... JURIST Edited at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law Paper Chase Oregon court reinstates $80 million jury verdict against Philip Morris Jeannie Shawl on 6/9/2004 04:26:58 PM Oregon's Court of Appeals has reinstated an $80 million verdict against Philip Morris over the death of Jesse Williams, who died of lung cancer in 1997. In today's

107. Iraq's Weapons Of Mass Destruction - The Assessment Of The British Government iraq s Weapons of Mass Destruction. The Assessment of the British government. 24 September 2002. Published by The Stationery Office. http://www.official-documents.co.uk/document/reps/iraq/cover.htm

Home Command Papers House Papers Departmental Papers ... PDF version Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction The Assessment of the British Government 24 September 2002 Published by

108. Frontline: The Survival Of Saddam: The Kurds: A Chronology At the same time, iraq s government persecutes the Kurds. Within two weeks, 15 of iraq s 18 provinces are free of government control. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saddam/kurds/cron.html

var loc = "../../../"; Treaty of Sevres, which carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I, calls for the creation of an autonomous Kurdish state. Instead, the Kurds are split up, with their population living mainly in Iran, Iraq and Turkey. Kurdish leader Ahmad Barzani rebels against the Iraqi government. Mustafa Barzani, the son of Ahmad Barzani, launches a new round of armed resistance against Iraqi rule that continues for 14 years, mostly with Iranian support. American diplomats encourage Kurdish leaders to support the new Ba'ath government in Baghdad, following a U.S.-supported coup. (See interviews with Jalal Talabani and James Akins ) The Ba'ath Party leadership issues a statement saying it "recognized the rights of the Kurdish people." The main Kurdish group in Iraq, the Kurdish Democratic Party, negotiates a power-sharing agreement with Vice President Saddam Hussein, believing he is a man they can do business with. Afterwards, four Kurdish leaders become Cabinet Ministers in the Iraqi government. Iraqi agents try to assassinate Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani, head of the Kurdish Democratic Party. They hide explosives on a visiting cleric and blow the cleric up via remote control when he sits next to Barzani. (See interview with

109. NewsHour Extra: Iraq Leaders At Odds Over Creating New Democracy -- December 3, On Saturday, the USappointed Governing Council, the group in charge of creating a new system of government in iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein, voted to http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec03/iraq_12-03.html

Featured Lesson Plan Hubble Telescope Images Click here for more current events lesson plans matched to national standards. How to use this story in a classroom... Online NewsHour: Special Report The New Iraq Experts analyze the role of religion in the governance of Iraq. Two Iraqi-Americans respond to the Bush administration's plans to hasten the transfer of political power to Iraqis.11.14.03 President Bush discusses transferring authority to the Iraqi Governing Council and training more Iraqi soldiers. 11.11.03 Browse the NewsHour's coverage of the middle east NewsHour Extra: More Soldiers Prepare to go to Iraq: Families and employers are saying goodbye to part-time Reserve and National Guard troops called to Iraq. 11.12.03 Outside Links: U.S. Defense Dept. Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq U.S. State Department Iraq Page The White House Extra is not responsible for the content of external Internet sites Iraqi Leaders at Odds Over Creating New Democracy Posted: 12.03.03

110. Shaking Hands With Saddam Hussein itself from the Palestinian groups it supports by evoking conservative Shiite militants opposed to both the US and to iraq s secular government it appears http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/

Electronic Briefing Books Main Index Read the press release More Archive Resources on Iraq and the Middle East Iraqgate: Saddam Hussein, U.S. Policy and the Prelude to the Persian Gulf War, 1980-1994 U.S. Propaganda in the Middle East - The Early Cold War Version Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction Operation Desert Storm: Ten Years After Shaking Hands: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein greets Donald Rumsfeld, then special envoy of President Ronald Reagan, in Baghdad on December 20, 1983. Shaking Hands with Saddam Hussein: The U.S. Tilts toward Iraq, 1980-1984 National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 82 Edited by Joyce Battle February 25, 2003 Print this page Jump to documents Washington Post "Live Online" chat with Archive Middle East Analyst Joyce Battle, "Iraq: Declassified Documents of U.S. Support for Hussein,"

111. IRAQI KURDS In 1958, the royal government of iraq was overthrown, and the new republican government of Abdul Karim Qasim was wholeheartedly supported by all the political http://www.culturalorientation.net/kurds/khist.html

culturalorientation.net -home IRAQI KURDS THEIR HISTORY AND CULTURE REFUGEE FACT SHEET NO.13 CHAPTER C ONTENTS A CKNOWLEDGMENTS ... RDER A PRINT COPY The Kurds in History Early History The first mention of the Kurds in historical records was in cuneiform writings from the Sumerians (3,000 BCE), who talked of the "land of the Karda." It would appear that from the earliest times the Kurds were generally unaffected by shifts in the empires around them, as they tended their flocks and obeyed their tribal leaders with a minimum of interference from outsiders. This lack of interference was very probably due to the inaccessibility of the area in which they lived, although they early on gained a reputation for being excellent fighters. At one time or another in their early history, some or all of them came under the dominance of the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Babylonians, the Assyrians, the Parthians, the Persians, the Romans, and the Armenians. In the centuries that followed, the Kurds withstood the invasions from Central Asia which brought the Turkic peoples as far west as Asia Minor (now Turkey), again probably because they occupied an area too difficult for outsiders to reach.

112. Thomas J. Nagy | The Secret Behind The Sanctions | September 2001 Issue Of The P Intelligence Agency proving beyond a doubt that, contrary to the Geneva Convention, the US government intentionally used sanctions against iraq to degrade the http://www.progressive.org/0801issue/nagy0901.html

The Secret Behind the Sanctions How the U.S. Intentionally Destroyed Iraq's Water Supply by Thomas J. Nagy Over the last two years, I've discovered documents of the Defense Intelligence Agency proving beyond a doubt that, contrary to the Geneva Convention, the U.S. government intentionally used sanctions against Iraq to degrade the country's water supply after the Gulf War. The United States knew the cost that civilian Iraqis, mostly children, would pay, and it went ahead anyway. The primary document, "Iraq Water Treatment Vulnerabilities," is dated January 22, 1991. It spells out how sanctions will prevent Iraq from supplying clean water to its citizens. "Iraq depends on importing specialized equipment and some chemicals to purify its water supply, most of which is heavily mineralized and frequently brackish to saline," the document states. "With no domestic sources of both water treatment replacement parts and some essential chemicals, Iraq will continue attempts to circumvent United Nations Sanctions to import these vital commodities. Failing to secure supplies will result in a shortage of pure drinking water for much of the population. This could lead to increased incidences, if not epidemics, of disease." The document goes into great technical detail about the sources and quality of Iraq's water supply. The quality of untreated water "generally is poor," and drinking such water "could result in diarrhea," the document says. It notes that Iraq's rivers "contain biological materials, pollutants, and are laden with bacteria. Unless the water is purified with chlorine, epidemics of such diseases as cholera, hepatitis, and typhoid could occur."

113. Fact Sheet: The Transition To Iraqi Self-Government The iraqi Interim government s primary responsibilities will be to run the dayto-day operations of iraq s government and ministries, increase security, and http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/2004/05/iraq-040524-whitehou

For Immediate Release Office of the Press Secretary May 24, 2004 Fact Sheet: The Transition to Iraqi Self-Government "The rise of a free and self-governing Iraq would deny terrorists a base of operation, discredit their narrow ideology, and give momentum to reformers across the region. This would be a decisive blow to terrorism at the heart of its power, and a victory for the security of America and the civilized world." George W. Bush May 24, 2004 Today's Presidential Action In a speech at the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, President Bush reported to the Nation on our strategy in Iraq and the specific steps we are taking to achieve our goal. Our coalition has a clear goal, understood by all: To see the Iraqi people in charge of Iraq for the first time in generations. America's task in Iraq is not only to defeat an enemy, it is to give strength to a friend a free, representative government that serves its people and fights on their behalf. And the sooner this goal is achieved, the sooner our job will be done. The President announced five steps in his plan to achieve freedom and democracy in Iraq. We will:

114. YellowTimes.org - "U.S. Government Objectives In Iraq" Enter Email Address PINR US government objectives in iraq Printed on Thursday, March 20, 2003 @ 033603 CST ( Printer Friendly Page ). http://www.yellowtimes.org/article.php?sid=1179

115. Wired News take office by June 30. It says that government would assume the responsibility and authority for governing a sovereign iraq. . http://wireservice.wired.com/wired/story.asp?section=Breaking&storyId=869262

116. Poland.pl Not only for ornithologists! Poll. Polish armed forces in iraq should stay there until iraqi government is formed. should leave immediately. http://www.poland.pl/

search within Polish Internet show results News Polish archives Directory Travel ... Polska.pl We recommend Family Picnic of Internauts 5 - 6 June 2004 Spend the weekend with us! Poll Polish armed forces in Iraq: should stay there until Iraqi government is formed should leave immediately should stay until the stabilization operation is over Today: Thursday, June 10, 2004 Set as Home Page News from Poland EU election On Sunday, June 13, Poles vote for their deputies to the European Parliament for the first time. Poland chooses 54 candidates, giving it the fifth-largest representation in the European Parliament. More... Casualties in Iraq Yes in Kongresowa Hall Common yet endangered ... Economical situation Incomes, salaries, labour cost and unemployment level. How to register your business in Poland Step by step guide, where to go, what to sign etc. Taxes Detailed description of all four kinds of taxes payable in Poland Investment incentives Special Economic Zones. Travel Maps Road and tourist maps, street plans. Tourist attractions What is worth seeing in Poland Accommodation Hostels, campsites and hostels addresses

117. Small Arms Are Continuing Threat In Iraq It is not just civilians that possess weapons in iraq, however. However, unlike the government forces, these groups have tried to remove the large number of http://www.cdi.org/iraq/small-arms.cfm

March 24, 2003 Printer-Friendly Version As bombs fall on Iraq, the threat of a chemical, biological or nuclear attack remains a real threat to U.S. and coalition forces. But, with the hope that there is no attack using weapons of mass destruction, the majority of U.S. casualties in this war will be from small arms and light weapons. Moreover, the real threat to the rebuilding of Iraq may be these weapons as well. According to media reports, Iraq is one of the most heavily armed countries in the world. It is believed that there are enough guns in Iraq for at last every person in Iraq to possess one, a level similar to gun ownership in clans in Yemen and Somalia, as well as in the United States. With a population of approximately 24 million, that means there could be millions of small arms in the hands of civilians. The gun culture is pervasive in Iraq. There is even an Iraqi saying, "Give everything to your friend, except your car, your wife, and your gun." Small arms and light weapons are widely available in Iraq, both on the legal and black markets. These weapons are not necessarily new, but they are still deadly. In some arms bazaars throughout Iraq, weapons leftover from the end of Ottoman Empire in 1918 and World War II are also still available. More modern weapons are also available, especially in the illicit arms markets, with weapons for sale from the United States, Turkey Iran, and other supporters of the Kurds. Beyond simply guns, Iraqis civilians also have access to other light weapons, such as rocket-propelled grenades, mortars, and bombs through the black market, arms bazaars, and from government sources.

118. US Government Resources On Iraq - Academic Info Academic Info US government Resources on iraq Home Search Index Contact Test Prep Degree Programs Student Center Study Break Advertise http://www.academicinfo.net/iraqus.html

Academic Info US Government Resources on Iraq Home Search Index Contact ... Iraq Studies - US Iraq War Table of Contents Post-Saddam Iraq US-Led Iraq War United Nations - Iraq Resources US Gov. - Iraq Resources (below) Peace Studies: No Iraq War DefenseLINK News - [Selected Recent] Speeches U.S. Department of Defense Prepared Statement for the Senate Armed Service Committee "The President's 25 Billion Reserve Fund" By Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, Washington DC, Thursday, May 13, 2004. Testimony of Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld Testimony as Prepared by Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, Before The Senate and House Armed Services Committees, Friday, May 7, 2004. Iraq: One Year Later Remarks By Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Douglas J. Feith, the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C., Tuesday, May 4, 2004. U.S. Strategy for the War on Terrorism Speech by Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Douglas J. Feith, Political Union University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, Wednesday, April 14, 2004. White House President Outlines Steps to Help Iraq Achieve Democracy and Freedom (May 24, 2004)

119. The New Yorker: Fact of the secret sap, and thereby bring an end to what had been, before iraq, a valuable cover operation. “This was stupidity,” a government consultant told me http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040524fa_fact

120. FOXNews.com - Top Stories - Security Council: Iraqi Interim Gov't Should Get 'Fu But the resolution is expected to give the interim government control over iraq s oil and gas revenues, which are now deposited in the Development Fund for http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,120651,00.html

OAS_AD('Top'); Security Council: Iraqi Interim Gov't Should Get 'Full Sovereignty' Friday, May 21, 2004 U.N. Security Council search OAS_AD('Middle'); Lakhdar Brahimi search James Cunningham search "The whole council is agreed that it's full sovereignty," Cunningham told The Associated Press. "There's no limitation on the sovereignty." Colin Powell search How long foreign troops remain in Iraq has also become an issue. Powell has said if the interim government asks the U.S.-led coalition force to leave it will go, though he doesn't expect this to happen. France and Germany have said they want the new resolution to include a cutoff date for the multinational force, and let the Iraqi government that will be elected in January decide on any extension. Cunningham told the AP the new resolution will not call for an indefinite extension of the multinational force, known as the MNF, but it won't propose a limit either. It will make clear that the presence of a multinational force will be "kept under review and that the Iraqis will have a decisive voice," he said. "It will be up to the Iraqis to decide whether they want the MNF there or not, and we expect that they will want the MNF there." Another outstanding issue is the relationship between the multinational force, the Iraqi army, and the interim Iraqi government.

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