101. Project Syndicate These moderates think that iran s government should press America for extraditionof Iraqbased members of the Mujahdin-e Khalq Organization (MKO), as well as http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentaries/commentary_text.php4?id=1359&lang=

102. Register At NYTimes.com US sponsors Anonymiser – if you live in iran The Register by the International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB), the US government s overseas news ofthe Anonymizer proxy which only accepts connections from iran s IP address http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/12/international/middleeast/12IRAN.html?hp

103. Online NewsHour: Governing Iran The very structure of iran s government is built upon a foundation splitby a power struggle between reformists and Islamic hardliners. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/iran/structure.html

Iran's Governmental System Posted: February 20, 2004 The very structure of Iran's government is built upon a foundation split by a power struggle between reformists and Islamic hard-liners. According to Iran's constitution, its supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who succeeded revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, holds the majority of the power. Elected leaders, including President Mohammad Khatami and members of parliament, hold much less authority. Supervisory bodies including the Expediency Council, Council of Guardians and the Assembly of Experts also carry broad responsibilities to monitor the government and ensure the legislation follows both the constitution and Islamic law. Iran's constitution was written in 1979 and amended in 1989. Elected President The president is the second highest-ranking government official in Iran. Elected by popular vote to a four-year term, they are limited to two consecutive terms.

104. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo The Judiciary. LOCAL government; POLITICAL DYNAMICS The Provisional government;The Rise and Concept of Neither East nor West; The iranIraq War; Relations with http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/irtoc.html

IRAN - A Country Study Search Iran Include word variants Use only words as entered. Iran Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

105. "The Iran-Contra Affair: Government By Cabal," By Theodore Draper © 1991 The Times Mirror Company. Los Angeles Times Sunday, June 16, 1991, p. M2.Book Mark The iranContra Affair government by Cabal. By Theodore Draper http://www.afn.org/~dks/i-c/x-discourse/draper.html

Los Angeles Times Sunday, June 16, 1991, p. M2. Book Mark: The Iran-Contra Affair: Government by Cabal By Theodore Draper Theodore Draper is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and author of numerous books. What was most significant about the Iran-Contra affairs was the takeover of governmental policies by a few strategically placed insiders infatuated with their own sense of superiority and incorruptibility. How could this happen? An excerpt: The questions that arise most forcefully from a study of the Iran-Contra affair are: How could a handful of little-known officials take virtually complete control of American foreign policy in areas of major concern? How could they operate in total disregard of Congress, outside the purview of the two departments most concerned, State and Defense, and indeed of almost the entire structure of the government? The accepted rules of covert operations were made to order for North's purposes. Compartmentation, deniability, secrecy were the watchwords of these operations. The CIA's national intelligence officer for counterterrorism, Charles E. Allen, noted, "This was the most compartmented effort under way in the U.S. government at that time." Those not in the compartment made it their business not to know. Alan Fiers, chief of the CIA's Central American task force, candidly admitted, "we remained in the status of willful ignorance" about the flight of which Eugene Hasenfus had crashed. (Hasenfus handled cargo on a Contra resupply plane shot down by a Sandinista missile in October, 1986.)

106. Bush Book: Chapter -18- 1) the secret arming of the Khomeini regime in iran by the US government, duringan official USdecreed arms embargo against iran, while the US publicly http://www.tarpley.net/bush18.htm

George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography Chapter -XVIII- Iran- Contra ``What pleases the prince has the force of law.'' Roman law As long as the police carries out the will of the leadership, it is acting legally. Gestapo officer Werner Best@s1 We cannot provide here a complete overview of the Iran-Contra affair. We shall attempt, rather, to give an account of George Bush's decisive, central role in those events, which occurred during his vice-presidency and spilled over into his presidency. The principal elements of scandal in Iran-Contra may be reduced to the following points: 1) the secret arming of the Khomeini regime in Iran by the U.S. government, during an official U.S.-decreed arms embargo against Iran, while the U.S. publicly denounced the recipients of its secret deliveries as terrorists and kidnappersa policy initiated under the Jimmy Carter presidency and accelerated by the Reagan-Bush administration; 2) the Reagan-Bush administration's secret arming of its `` Contras '' for war against the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua, while such aid was explicitly prohibited under U.S. law; 3) the use of communist and terrorist enemiesoften armed directly by the Anglo-Americansto justify a police state and covert, oligarchical rule at home;

107. Iran: U.K. Government Should Press For Real Reform (Human Rights Watch Press Rel iran UK government Should Press for Real Reform. The British government shouldpress iran to make real and substantive progress on human rights. http://www.hrw.org/press/2003/02/iran020403.htm

Home News Releases About HRW Contribute ... HRW Documents on Iran FREE Join the HRW Mailing List Iran: U.K. Government Should Press for Real Reform (New York, February 4, 2003) The British government should press Iran to turn its promises of political reform into reality, Human Rights Watch urged today. Related Material Letter to Foreign Secretary Straw HRW Letter, February 3, 2003 Despite years of rhetoric about reform, recent developments in Iran are not at all positive. The British government should press Iran to make real and substantive progress on human rights." Hanny Megally, Executive Director of the Middle East and North Africa Division of Human Rights Watch. In a letter to British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, who will meet Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi on February 5, Human Rights Watch said it was concerned that "these much promised reforms have not materialized," and urged the British government "not to accept mere words but to push for measurable improvements in specific areas of concern." In recent months, the arbitrary detention of students and the targeting of government critics have increased. Scholars and students who criticize the ruling clerical establishment have faced death sentences, teaching bans or long prison terms. Several government officials and close associates of reformist President Mohammad Khatami have been held incommunicado for months because they published a poll showing that a majority of Iranians favor restoring relations with the United States. "Despite years of rhetoric about reform, recent developments in Iran are not at all positive," said Hanny Megally, executive director of the Middle East and North Africa division of Human Rights Watch. "The British government should press Iran to make real and substantive progress on human rights."

108. Iran's New Government Has Woman Vice President The conservative Shiite Muslim clergy, which dominated iran s government beforeKhatami s shock victory in May, have also warned against the new president s http://www.metimes.com/issue35/reg/05iran.htm

Iran's new government has woman vice president Kianouche Dorranie TEHRAN The new government of moderate Iranian President Mohammed Khatami went to work on 23 August, naming a woman as vice president for the first time since the 1979 Islamic revolution and ridding bureaucrats of their "pompous titles." After winning parliamentary approval on 13 August for his cabinet, Khatami got down to business and appointed Massumeh Ebtekar, 36, a former journalist and professor, as vice president in charge of environmental protection, the official IRNA news agency reported. Khatami owes a large part of his stunning landslide victory over a conservative rival in May elections to the support of women seeking social and economic reform in the Islamic republic. Setting the new tone for his government, Khatami on 23 August urged all state employees to ditch pompous and kow-towing titles when referring to him and his cabinet, telling them to use the simple adjective "respectable." "The president believes that in the Islamic Republic of Iran, official letters should be stripped of all pompous formulas and kow-towing titles," said a presidential statement.

109. Derechos: Human Rights In Iran Twenty years after the Islamic Revolution the human rights situation in iran remainspoor. The government restricts citizens right to change their government http://www.derechos.org/human-rights/mena/iran.html

Iran Twenty years after the "Islamic Revolution" the human rights situation in Iran remains poor. The Government restricts citizens' right to change their government, manipulates the electoral system and represses political dissidents. . Systematic abuses include extrajudicial killings and summary executions; disappearances; widespread use of torture and other degrading treatment; harsh prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; lack of due process; unfair trials; infringement on citizens' privacy; and restrictions on freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, religion, and movement. Religious minorities, in particular Baha'is, have come under increasing repression by conservative elements of the judiciary and security establishment. The Government restricts the work of human rights groups. Women face legal and social discrimination, and violence against women occurs. From the US State Department 1998 Human Rights Report Actions NGOs Reports ... Links Actions Actions from the World Organization Against Torture on Iran E-mail Iran's President Organizations Alliance for Defense of Human Rights in Iran Association of Iranian Political Prisoners in Exile Democracy Network of Iran Internet based group Foundation for Democracy in Iran International Federation of Iranian Refugees Iranian Human Rights Working Group Internet based group committed to campaigning for the improvement of human rights in Iran Iranian Organization for the Defence and Development of Human Rights and Democracy Iranian Refugees' Alliance Supports Iranian refugees in different parts of the world.

110. Political Resources On The Net - Iran 1:3 Index of iran's political sites on the Internet, with links to parties, organizations, governments and media. http://www.politicalresources.net/iran.htm

The Islamic Republic of Iran Last updated: The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Elections in Iran by Wilfried Derksen Iran Elections 2000 Iranian and Turkmenian Links The Iranian Directory - Political Sites by IranMania Iran Politics Club Iranian Home pages in Germany Political parties and organizations by the Green Party of Iran Iran Culture and Information Center Net Iran Foundation for Democracy in Iran Green Party of Iran ... Sarbedaran Union of Communists of Iran International Communist Current Fedaian Organisation (Minority) Marxist-Leninist organisation The Organisation of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority) The "National Council of Resistance of Iran" A terrorist group in Washington DC Organization of Iranian People's Fedayee Guerrillas Organisation of Iranian Peoples Fedaii Guerrillas Iranian People's Fadaee Guerrillas (English and Farsi) Ashraf Dehghani A prominent female member of the Iranian People's Fadaee Guerrillas Etehad Chap Kargari Workers Left Unity Iranian Revolutionary Socialists' League Toufan Labour Party of Iran Iranian National Socialist Party (INSP) Socialist Party of Iran Iran-e-Azad Organization's Farsi The Constitutionalist Party of Iran ... South Azerbaijan Liberation Movement Southern Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement Jebhe Melli Iran National Front of Iran Student Movement Coordination Committee for Democray in Iran Nehzat-e-Azadi Freedom Movement of Iran Pan Iranist Movement National Movement of Iranian Resistance Democracy Network of Iran (DNI) Rabbany Movement The home of Quranic Islam

111. American Iranian Council Nonprofit and educational organization founded in 1997 with the aim of promoting dialogue and improved relations between the peoples and governments of the United States and iran. http://www.american-iranian.org/

112. BBC NEWS | Business | Iran Bans Adverts For US Products The Culture Ministry has been given the task of implementing the ban. iran sgovernment consistently criticises the US for its support for Israel. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2416033.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Business News Front Page World UK ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Thursday, 7 November, 2002, 15:43 GMT Iran bans adverts for US products Anti-US sentiment runs high in Iran All media in Iran has been banned from running adverts for products made in the USA "Based on a government order, publicity for any US goods from now on is forbidden in all the media," a report by the country's state-owned broadcaster said. The BBC World Service's Persian service described the move as a "symbolic gesture" . There are very few US consumer goods for sale in Iran, according to the service. Limited trade The government was spurred into action by a recommendation made by a non-government body, the Society for Defending Palestine. The Culture Ministry has been given the task of implementing the ban. Iran's government consistently criticises the US for its support for Israel. Iran does not recognise the Jewish state and it does not allow imports from Israel. Hard-line religious leaders have called for a ban for months due to a sharp and steady increase in adverts for the few US products that are there.

113. Electronic Briefing Book: The Secret CIA History Of The Iran Coup More information on iran The iran Declassification Project. Edited by Malcolm ByrneUpdated November 29, 2000. For more information 202/9947000 mbyrne@gwu.edu http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB28/

More information on Iran: The Iran Declassification Project Edited by Malcolm Byrne Updated November 29, 2000 For more information: mbyrne@gwu.edu Jump to the Documents The CIA history of operation TPAJAX excerpted below was first disclosed by James Risen of The New York Times in its editions of April 16 and June 18, 2000, and posted in this form on its website at: http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/041600iran-cia-index.html This extremely important document is one of the last major pieces of the puzzle explaining American and British roles in the August 1953 coup against Iranian Premier Mohammad Mossadeq. Written in March 1954 by Donald Wilber, one of the operation’s chief planners, the 200-page document is essentially an after-action report, apparently based in part on agency cable traffic and Wilber’s interviews with agents who had been on the ground in Iran as the operation lurched to its conclusion. Long-sought by historians, the Wilber history is all the more valuable because it is one of the relatively few documents that still exists after an unknown quantity of materials was destroyed by CIA operatives – reportedly “routinely” – in the 1960s, according to former CIA Director James Woolsey. However, according to an investigation by the National Archives and Records Administration, released in March 2000, “no schedules in effect during the period 1959-1963 provided for the disposal of records related to covert actions and, therefore, the destruction of records related to Iran was unauthorized.” (p. 22) The CIA now says that about 1,000 pages of documentation remain locked in agency vaults.

114. Iran - Atlapedia Online of people. In 1979 revolutionaries took control of iran s governmentand the Shah was forced into exile. In Feb. 1979 Ayatollah http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/iran.htm

OFFICIAL NAME: Islamic Republic of Iran CAPITAL: Tehran SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Unitary Islamic Republic AREA: 1,648,000 Sq Km (636,296 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION CLIMATE: Iran has a continental climate, although much of the country has a desert climate with an average annual precipitation below 300 mm (12 inches). Summers are warm to hot with two summer winds, the Shamal from the northwest and "The Wind of 120 Days" from the southeast. Winters can be extremely cold with cold winds blowing from the northeast. Generally, rainfall occurs from October to May with annual average precipitation in the coastal areas between 800 and 2,000 mm (31 to 79 inches) while high humidity is also common along the coastal areas. Average temperature ranges in Tehran are from -3 to 7 degrees Celsius (27 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 22 to 37 degrees Celsius (72 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit) in July. PEOPLE: The principal ethnic groups are of Aryan origin and include the Persian or Farsi who account for 46% of the population while the Azerbaijani account for 17% and the Kurds for 9% of the population. Other ethnic minorities include Arabs, Armenians, Assyrians and Jews. DEMOGRAPHIC/VITAL STATISTICS: Density; 35 persons per sq km (90 persons per sq mi) (1991). Urban-Rural; 57.0% urban, 43.0% rural (1992). Sex Distribution; 50.8% male, 49.2% female (1990). Life Expectancy at Birth; 64.0 years male, 65.0 years female (1991). Age Breakdown; 46% under 15, 26% 15 to 29, 15% 30 to 44, 8% 45 to 59, 4% 60 to 74, 1% 75 and over (1990). Birth Rate; 44.0 per 1,000 (1991). Death Rate; 9.0 per 1,000 (1991). Increase Rate; 35.0 per 1,000 (1991). Infant Mortality Rate; 66.0 per 1,000 live births (1991).

115. Middle East Stage: Team Dispatch - April 26, 2000 The US has intended these economic sanctions to put pressure on iran s governmentand force them to align their policies more with US desires. http://www.worldtrek.org/odyssey/mideast/042600/042600teamiransanc.html

Punishing Iran: 20 Years and Counting April 26, 2000 If you have been following the trekkers' adventures though Iran up to this point, you already know that the United States government is not on the best terms with the government of Iran. It is no secret; the people of Iran openly refer to the US as "the Great Satan." This is because of past incidences in which the US has interfered with politics in Iran. In 1953, for example, the US participated in overthrowing an Iranian government of which it did not approve. For its part, the United States claims that the government of Iran has been involved with, and supportive of, terrorist activities directed against the United States and its citizens. For example, US hostages were taken in a widely publicized hostage crisis in Tehran in 1979. In addition, the US claims Iran has been actively developing weapons of mass destruction, mainly nuclear weapons. The question is what is the best way to deal with these tensions. The most extreme course of action would be the use of force. War (and its resulting loss of life) is a common result of disagreement between nations, but it is costly, tragic, and should be avoided if at all possible. So what are the alternatives? In recent years, the most common alternative to the use of force is the use of

116. Home Page Of President Khatami Site Tuesday 25th of May 2004 074229 AM Tehran. Khatami inauguratesAbadan power plant, 2004/05/24. President Mohammad Khatami Monday http://www.president.ir/

Thursday 10th of June 2004 04:29:36 AM Tehran Khatami says Islam exposed to major threats Tehran, June 8, IRNA Islam is exposed to a number of major threats, including the extremist moves and actions carried out in the name of of the divine religion, said President Mohammad Khatami here on Tuesday. Khatami: Tehran-Dushanbe cooperation to help regional stabilit Tehran, June 8, IRNA President Mohammad Khatami said here on Tuesday that cooperation between Iran and Tajikistan would contribute to regional stability, progress, peace and security. President Khatami further Swiss envoyto Tehran bids farewell to President Khatami Tehran, June 8, IRNA President Mohammad Khatami here Tuesday received the outgoing Swiss Ambassador to Iran Tim Goldimann. According to a report released by the Presidential Office media department, Presidentappoints national police commander to spearhead battle against smuggling Tehran, June 8, IRNA President Mohammad Khatami appointed here Tuesday National Police Commander Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf as his special agent to head an intensified national campaign against goods and

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