41. Adam Smith Institute Blog - Did The Industrial Revolution Bring Misery? This post goes way too far in its reverence for the industrial revolution. workers in Andrew Carnegie s steel factories worked 12 hours a day, 7 days a week http://www.adamsmith.org/blog/archives/000346.php

The Adam Smith Institute The Adam Smith Institute, the free-market think tank, is the UK's leading innovator of practical market-economic policies. For over 25 years it has been a pioneer in the worldwide movement towards free markets, public-sector reform, and free trade. The Institute focuses on promoting choice, competition, enterprise, and user-focus. It works through research, reports, conferences, advice, and media debate. Network Monthly Archives June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 January 2004 December 2003 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 Category Archives Announcements Benefits Blogosphere Books Economics Education Environment Events Globalization Gov't Administration Health Humour Individual liberties Media, Culture, Sport Miscellaneous Politics Technology The Next Generation Transport RSD Syndication RSS 1.0 Syndication RSS 2.0 Syndication Link to ASI Blog: Blogosphere AFF Brainwash Andrew Sullivan Asymmetrical Information Brian's Education Blog ... Volokh Conspiracy Economics blogs Ben Muse Cafe Hayek David Smith EconLog ... Truck and Barter UK blogs Alex Singleton An Englishman's Castle Airstrip One Andrew Dodge ... White Rose Washington DC wonks Radley Balko Jerry Brito Club for Growth Tim Lee ... Will Wilkinson USA think tankers Ben Pratt USA academic blogs The Filter Peter Gordon Other Links Intelligentsia MadsenPirie.com

42. The Industrial Revolution in 1700 and that the crucial differences which created the industrial revolution in Europe was not wholly smooth, for in England the Luddites workers who saw http://artzia.com/History/Ideas/Industrial_Revolution/

EncycloZine Arts Biography Business ... Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, L. Hunter Lovins Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution Howard Rheingold Digital Deflation : The Productivity Revolution and How It Will Ignite the Economy Graham Tanaka Leap! A Revolution in Creative Business Strategy Bob Schmetterer The Age of Revolution: 1749-1848 Eric Hobsbawm History of Urban Form: Before the Industrial Revolution (3rd Edition) A. E. J. Morris, A.E. Morris Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution Ayn Rand, Peter Schwartz The Reengineering Revolution Michael Hammer The Antitrust Revolution: Economics, Competition, and Policy John E. Kwoka, Lawrence J. White The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business Alfred Dupont Chandler The Industrial Revolution About Us A - Z Site Map Top Pages ... Ideas Coming Home From The Mill Lowry, L Buy this Art Print at AllPosters.com The Industrial Revolution of the 18th century was a period of social and technological change in which manufacturing began to rely on steam power rather than on water or wind. The causes of the Industrial Revolution remain a topic for debate with some historians seeing it as an outgrowth from the social changes of the Enlightenment and the colonial expansion of the 17th century. The Industrial Revolution began in the Midlands area of England and spread throughout England and into continental Europe and the northern United States in the 19th century. Before the improvements made to the pre-existing steam engine by James Watt and others, all manufacturing had to rely for power on wind or water mills or muscle power produced by animals or humans. But with the ability to translate the potential energy of steam into mechanical force, a factory could be built away from streams and rivers, and many tasks that had been done by hand in the past could be mechanized. If, for example, a lumber mill had been limited in the number of logs it could cut in a day due to the amount of water and pressure available to turn the wheels, the steam engine eliminated that dependence. Grain mills, thread and clothing mills, and wind driven water pumps could all be converted to steam power as well.

43. Child Labor In Factories During The Industrial Revolution 59,600 of the workers in the US are under 14 and many other countries have huge child labor troubles. Child labor came from the industrial revolution and is http://www.needham.k12.ma.us/high_school/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/childlabor.h

Child labor in factories A new workforce during the Industrial Revolution Introduction Wages and Hours Treatment Movements to Regulate Child labor ... Bibliography When the industrial revolution first came to Britain and the U.S., there was a high demand for labor. Families quickly migrated from the rural farm areas to the newly industrialized cities to find work. Once they got there, things did not look as bright as they did. To survive in even the lowest level of poverty, families had to have every able member of the family go to work. This led to the high rise in child labor in factories. Children were not treated well, overworked, and underpaid for a long time before anyone tried to change things for them. Wages and Hours: "They [boys of eight years] used to get 3d [d is the abbreviation for pence] or 4d a day. Now a man's wages is divided into eight eighths; at eleven, two eighths; at thirteen, three eighths; at fifteen, four eighths; at twenty, a man's wagesÐ About 15s [shillings]." http://www.galenet.com/servlet/SRC/

44. Industrialism Inventions The industrial revolution brought about many wonderful advances during the nineteenth century. By 1874, this tenhour work day was extended to all workers. http://killeenroos.com/4/INDREVOU.htm

Industrialism: Inventions (Technology is equipment or ideas that assist man in overcoming his environment) During the period known as the Industrial Revolution, we can see four distinct divisions. The first division, from 1730 to 1770 was the period of time when men such as Watt developed the woolen spinner, Kay gave us the flying shuttle, and Hargreaves the spinning jenny, all of which made the work of producing textiles faster and more efficient. It was also during this time period that Watt developed a steam engine which was more efficient and much and safer than the engine developed by Thomas Newcomen in 1705. It is important to note that, at this time, steam power was not put to use in the textile industries. They still relied on water power. In the second period, extending from 1770 to 1792, the mechanical devices of the previous period were improved upon. The further advances during this time were to aid the cotton industry. Two important mechanical devices developed here were Crompton's spinning mule and later, Cartwright's power loom. The major problem that faced further industrialization at this time was a need to find something powerful enough to drive this new machinery. other than the water wheel which hampered the marketing of the woolen and cotton goods produced. Factories could only exist where there was a constant water supply. At the onset of the third period , 1792 to 1830, steam power began to be applied to the earlier mechanical devices, making their use more efficient and widespread. In addition to using

45. Lecture 17: The Origins Of The Industrial Revolution In England was industrial capitalism nothing more than a clever system devised by clever capitalists to exploit the labor of ignorant workers? was the revolution in http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html

Lecture 17 The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England The political and moral advantages of this country, as a seat of manufactures, are not less remarkable than its physical advantages. The arts are the daughters of peace and liberty. In no country have these blessings been enjoyed in so high degree, or for so long a continuance, as in England. Under the reign of of just laws, personal liberty and property have been secure; mercantile enterprise has been allowed to reap its reward; capital has accumulated in safety; the workman has "gone forth to his work and to his labour until the evening;" and, thus protected and favoured, the manufacturing prosperity of the country has struck its roots deep, and spread forth its branches to the ends of the earth. [Edward Baines, The History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain . [David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus The Origins of Modern English Society, 1780-1880 The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION can be said to have made the European working-class. It made the European middle-class as well. In the wake of the Revolution, new social relationships appeared. As

46. Factories In The Industrial Revolution At the time when the industrial revolution was at its height, very few laws had been passed by Parliament to protect the workers. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/factories_industrial_revo.htm

Factories in the Industrial Revolution Richard Arkwright is the person credited with being the brains behind the growth of factories. After he patented his spinning frame in 1769, he created the first true factory at Cromford, near Derby. This act was to change Great Britain. Before very long, this factory employed over 300 people. Nothing had ever been seen like this before. The domestic system only needed two to three people working in their own home. By 1789, the Cromford mill employed 800 people. With the exception of a few engineers in the factory, the bulk of the work force were essentially unskilled. They had their own job to do over a set number of hours. Whereas those in the domestic system could work their own hours and enjoyed a degree of flexibility, those in the factories were governed by a clock and factory rules. Edmund Cartwright's power loom ended the life style of skilled weavers. In the 1790's, weavers were well paid. Within 30 years many had become labourers in factories as their skill had now been taken over by machines. In 1813, there were only 2,400 power looms in Britain. by 1850, there were 250,000. Factories were run for profit. Any form of machine safety guard cost money. As a result there were no safety guards. Safety clothing was non-existant. Workers wore their normal day-to-day clothes. In this era, clothes were frequently loose and an obvious danger.

47. The Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution. by Clare Salamone Read the editorial from The Harbinger, Female workers of Lowell and determine its effectiveness in convincing the http://studentweb.fontbonne.edu/~csaar565/webbit/

The Industrial Revolution by Clare Salamone Read the editorial from The Harbinger, Female Workers of Lowell and determine its effectiveness in convincing the workers. Design a flowchart describing the history of women in the labor unions Using the Time Table of the Lowell Mills, write a diary entry describing one day in the life of a Lowell Mills girl. Read the short biographies of the inventors and their inventions. Tell me which was the most important invention and why? Find three reasons to justify this statement: The term "Yankee ingenuity" could have been coined with these inventors in mind. Make a time line showing the developments in the cotton industry from a cottage industry to a factory based industry. Look at the pictures of the mills and the workers. What can you infer about the lives of the people who worked in early American factories? Debate the use of child labor in factories as opposed to labor on family farms.

48. Living And Working Conditions During The Industrial Revolution The initial stages of the industrial revolution had a substantial effect on the living and working conditions of workers. A large http://www.pomperaug.com/socstud/museum/livingconditions.htm

Living and Working Conditions During the Industrial Revolution The initial stages of the Industrial Revolution had a substantial effect on the living and working conditions of workers. A large labor surplus led to very low wages, and extreme competition lowered the profit margins of industrialists. Factory and mine operators reacted to this by lowering the cost of operation, often leading to difficult, if not horrible, working conditions. Relief for workers finally came as a result of many factors: the growth of the labor movement, government regluation, the improved buying power that resulted from massive increases in worker productivity that had been enhanced by new technologies, and the realization by many employers that a humanely treated worker was more productive. At the same time, the life of the middle class became more and more comfortable. New inventions and products encouraged new habits of consumerism. Travel became easier, and leisure activities became very popular. Health and diet improved, and new public health programs lessened the threat of epidemics. A new optimism grew, based on the idea that these improvements would continue as a result of the development of new technology. Ashley's Mines testimony about working conditions in a mine in Industrial England The Physical Condition of Workers a description of the effects of the work environment on industrial workers.

49. Industrial Revolution: 11 To 14 Years Cotton Times A broadbased site covering the industrial revolution from several radicals, reformers and health pioneers, and most importantly, the workers. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REVhistoryIR2.htm

History Websites Industrial Revolution 11 to 14 years To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Textile Industry : An encyclopedia of the Textile Industry in Britain between 1700 and 1900. The website includes information on the different aspects of the domestic system as well as the woolen, cotton, silk and linen industries. The website also features entries on twelve important textile inventions and biographies of inventors (16) and entrepreneurs (28). There is also a series of lessons available that simulates the debate that took placed in the 19th century on the morality and the economic value of child labour in textile factories. Industrial Revolution Sourcework : Designed to help lower ability and special educational needs pupils access sources and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution, the online lesson from School History guides pupils through a basic overview of the Industrial Revolution. Through gap filling exercises pupils go through the basics of source analysis and then analyse two sources from the Industrial Revolution. Extension exercises and quizzes are then available.

50. History Of Technology And Work was the major growth sector in the first years of the industrial revolution in England of the desire for the merchants to have more control over their workers. http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/pabacker/causeIR.htm

The Cause of the Industrial Revolution By Patricia Ryaby Backer Causes of the Industrial Revolution The most common explanation for the cause of the Industrial Revolution was that certain technologies (the steam engine and textile technologies in particular) created a fundamental change in the way work was done. Recently, there have been other rationales given for the cause of the Industrial Revolution. Three of the more well-known rationales are discussed separately. . The traditional, and probably most popular, view of the cause of the Industrial Revolution was that these changes took place because of one fundamental invention that many historians attribute as the foremost cause of the Industrial Revolution, the steam engine developed by James Watt. The steam engine allowed the transformation of fuel into mechanical work. In a steam engine, fuel (usually wood or coal at this time) is burned; the heat that this fuel produces is used to turn water into steam; this steam is used to drive wheels in the engine. Steam engines were first used in coal and ore mines to pump water out of them. After James Watt improved the design of the steam engine, this type of engine quickly was applied to other industriesto power railroad locomotives, ships, and later the first automobiles. Capitalistic causes of the Industrial Revolution Jacob (1988) proposes another way of looking at the cause of the Industrial Revolution that is derived from comparing the different industrial societies in Europe at the time of the Industrial Revolution. Jacob notes that, by the 1790s, industrialization had begun in certain places but not others. She attributes these differences in industrialization to the different cultures of the countries. Particularly, she notes the different levels of scientific knowledge in these different countries. In order to mechanize, she notes, men must be able to think mechanically. This ability to think mechanically was more common in British leaders who had access to capital, cheap labor, and steam power. In other countries that were advanced, particularly the Netherlands and France, the evidence suggest that similar men with power and resources did not have the knowledge to mechanize.

51. Industrial Revolution industrial revolution. RR of Tom Scott managerial revolution ; learned capital theory of open hearth furnace; 3000 Slavic unskilled workers - 10 cents per http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/soc/carnegie.html

pictures Industrial Revolution Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) born in Scotland - self-made man father Will was weaver - Chartist immigrated to Pittsburg 1848 - telegraph Pennsy. RR of Tom Scott - "managerial revolution" learned "capital theory of value" Keystone Bridge Co. - steel from small puddling furnaces Eads Bridge at St. Louis 1867-74 Union Iron Works - Bessemer patent pool 1872 Henry C. Frick - coke replaced charcoal -helped by Thomas Mellon Panic of 1873 - J.P. Morgan Edgar Thomson Steel Co. 1875 - made RR rails (2/3 total steel market) Homestead Steel Works largest steel mill built 1881 by Carnegie on Monongahela River structural steel for skyscrapers and ships replacing RR rails open hearth furnace 3000 Slavic unskilled workers - 10 cents per hour believed in "za chlebom" - right to one's daily bread believed in "labor theory of value" Pinkerton detectives - fence built Advisory Committee - Hugh O'Donnell, mayor John McLuckie June 24 contract deadline June 25 - wildcat strike by Knights of Labor June 28 - lockout by Frick July 6 - river invasion by 316 detectives on 2 barges July 11 - 8000 state militia called by Gov. Robert Pattison - Repub party boss Christopher Magee, Co. lawyer Philander Knox

52. Factory Workers In The British Industrial Revolution Through Eyes in the Storm Aspects of the Personal History of Women workers in the industrial revolution draft; published version in Social History vol. http://www.galbithink.org/fw.htm

Factory Workers in the British Industrial Revolution As part of my dissertation, I studied children, men, and women in the early British factories and the growth of the early factory workforce. Here are my papers on that topic. (These papers are in Adobe PDF format. Get reader 4.0 here for best results.) Child labor and the division of labor in the early English cotton mills [draft; published version in Journal of Population Economics , vol. 10, No. 4 (1997) pp. 357-75] Economic Change and Sex Discrimination in the Early English Cotton Factories Through Eyes in the Storm: Aspects of the Personal History of Women Workers in the Industrial Revolution" [draft; published version in Social History vol. 21, no. 2 (1996) pp. 142-59] All the above papers are by Douglas Galbi. I have made a dataset that I used in this research available here . Now my work is focused on another revolution: the communications revolution In case of difficulty accessing a paper even with Adobe Acrobat reader installed, please contact me (email: zeitgeist98 the "at" sign and then iname.com) and I will e-mail it to you.

53. Industrial Revolution , 19th century The migrant workers that went The industrial revolution provided them with better means of transportation to travel longer distances more easily http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter3.html

54. Factory Workers In The British Industrial Revolution Douglas Galbi s web site provides a selection of secondary resources on British factory workers and the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. http://www.humbul.ac.uk/output/full3.php?id=11720

55. THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION that the industrial revolution created the wealth that we enjoy today and that the industrial revolution was paid for in the blood of workers men, women http://www.ku.edu/kansas/medieval/100/sections/27indust.html

HISTORY 100 WORLD HISTORY SPRING 1998 30 MARCH THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this section, you should learn to define and discuss the following people and things: The Industrial Revolution, Hiero, aeropile, capitalism, the Guild System, productivity, template, linked machines, The First Phase of the Industrial Revolution, The Mechanical Revolution, The Second Phase of the Industrial Revolution, The Transportation Revolution, The Third Phase of the Industrial Revolution, The Chemical Revolution, mill, millwright, belt-driven power, Seven Years' War, Napoleonic Wars. You should also be able to discuss the following topics in some detail: What are some of the necessary preconditions for technological innovations to advance an economy? What are the traditional ways for businesses to lower labor costs? Are any of these methods being used in the United States today? Why does Capitalism promote technological development? How do templates and linked machines work and how do they increase worker productivity? Into what stages can the Industrial Revolution be divided, and how did each affect the global economy?

56. Industrial Revolution 330.9 STE ABCCLIO World History industrial revolution (see Ruling Class, and Middle Class, White-Collar workers) R 940 ROO v. 3 Crafts and Trade, p.114 http://www.tesd.k12.pa.us/stoga/dept/socials/IndustrialRevolution/

Introduction: The Industrial Revolution had a profound effect on all levels of society in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. How people lived and worked changed significantly during this time. You will explore the following questions: Task Process Resources Evaluation How did daily life change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Did the benefits outweigh the problems generated by these societal shifts? Did living conditions improve or not as technological changes swept through England and the rest of Europe? Did industrial growth contribute positively or negatively to society? How did family life change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Task: The class will be divided into three groups. Each group will examine the Industrial Revolution and its impact on social classes - the lower class, the middle class, and the upper class. Each social class experienced problems and benefits as a result of industrialization. Group #1 will represent the interests of the lower class (male, female and child factory workers, agricultural laborers).

57. Second Industrial Revolution This period, akin to the First industrial revolution was marked by a significant number of transient urban workers engaged in industrial labour (or the pursuit http://www.fact-index.com/s/se/second_industrial_revolution.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution ) resulted in the " mass society ". This transformation involved significant developments within the chemical electrical petroleum , and steel industries . By , the global market was already saturated with manufactured goods . Increasing production compounded the problem and was a factor leading up to the Long Depression and the so-called " New Imperialism The second industrial revolution is also called the second phase of the industrial revolution, since from a technological and a social point of view there is no clean break between the two revolutions. Many crucial inventions such as the Bessemer and the Siemens steel making processes were invented in the decades preceding 1871. One of the most crucial inventions for the communication of technical ideas in this period was the steam powered rotary printing press which was in fact a technological gift of the last decades of the first industrial revolution or first phase of the industrial revolution. The beginnings of wars offer a convenient milestone, since they have an impact on the capital needed to finance the useful application of new inventions. One might see the immediate beginnings of this period in the German annexation of Lorraine (an industrial area) following the Franco-Prussian War . In any case, Germany came to replace

58. Industrial Revolution Worksheets - Year 9 - SchoolHistory.co.uk Information and sources about child workers in the industrial revolution. The resource below can be used to help students structure their answers. http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/year9links/industrial_sheets.shtml

Search Tips Internet search Home Page Site information ... click for more Primary Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 GCSE A-Level Help Back Industrial Revolution worksheets Worksheet (.pdf format) Problems downloading resources? Read the help page See the GCSE section for more Worksheet Description Population Two-page worksheet showing the degree of the population increase between 1750-1900, possible reasons for this and the importance of the national census of 180, with a math activity. Submitted by Ms Cox Downloads: Counting disabled Encyclopaedia entry Using this worksheet and previous research pupils are guided to create their own encyclopaedia entry. Literacy activity. Submitted by Miss Boughey www.weatherheadhistory.ik.org Downloads: Counting disabled Working class Source analysis exercise based on working class living conditions in the mid-1800s. Four pages with written and cartoon sources - questions included.

59. The Industrial Revolution Working Class Poverty Or Prosperity capitalism and the industrial revolution is that the working class was filled with spiritual loss. According to this argument, rural farm workers were torn http://www.libertyhaven.com/theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/economichistory/ind

Theoretical/Philosophical Issues Politics/Government Personal Freedom Issues Regulations ... Yourname@libertyhaven.com Email login: Password: Search for: Books Magazines Music Maps Out of Print Books British Books British Magazines British Music Keywords: The Industrial Revolution Working Class Poverty or Prosperity John Majewski But it is not only laymen who perceive the industrial revolution in terms of "dark, satanic mills." A brief glance at almost any university history or English textbook reveals that most academics who do not specifically study the industrial revolution accept without reservation the view that capitalism led to a deterioration of living conditions for the working class. For example, a text commonly used in college British literature classes describes the industrial revolution in these terms: For the great majority of the laboring class the results of the policy (of laissez faire) were inadequate wages, long hours of work under sordid conditions, and the large-scale employment of women and children for tasks which destroy body and soul. Reports from investigating committees on coal mines found male and female children ten or even five years of age harnessed to heavy coal-sledges which they dragged crawling on their hands and knees ... (Norton Anthology, p. 3). Such harsh interpretation of the industrial revolution has directly affected public policy. The industrial revolution has become a successful battle cry for detractors of capitalism. The specter of working class poverty and misery during the industrial revolution has been and still remains an important justification for government intervention into social and economic affairs. A vast amount of legislation, from minimum wage to antitrust laws, owes its existence to the anti-capitalist mentality created by pessimistic views of the industrial revolution. As Nobel laureate F.A. Hayek pointedly argues, the industrial revolution portrayed by the pessimists is the "one supreme myth which more than any other has served to discredit the economic system to which we owe our modern day civilization" (Hayek, pp. 9-10).

60. Title Details - Cambridge University Press social history in English of Stalin’s industrial revolution during the wreckers,’ and actively sought the support of industrial workers, Komsomols (members http://titles.cambridge.org/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521387418

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 98    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20