81. THE HISTORY OF INDONESIA Indian culture and customs were introduced, such as the system of government in a monarchy which is still very popular in many parts of present day indonesia. http://www.indonesia-ottawa.org/indonesia/general/history.html

THE HISTORY OF INDONESIA PRE-INDONESIA PERIOD THE PERIOD OF HINDU KINGDOMS THE PERIOD OF ISLAMIC KINGDOMS THE PORTUGUESE IN INDONESIA ... Election System PRE-INDONESIA PERIOD Indonesia did not exist as yet during the Palaeocene period (70 million years BC), the Eocene period (30 million years BC), the Oligacene period (25 million years BC) and the Miocene period (12 million years BC). It is believed that Indonesia must have existed during the Pleitocene period (4 million years BC) when it was linked with the present Asian mainland. It was during this period that the Homonids made their first appearance and Java Man inhabited the part of the world now called Indonesia. Java Man, named Pithecanthropus Erectus by Eugence Dubois who found the fossils on the island of Java, must have been the first inhabitant of Indonesia. When the sea level rose as the result of the melting ice north of Europe and the American continent, many islands emerged, including the Indonesian archipelago. It was also during this period (3000-500 BC) that Indonesia was inhabited by Sub Mongoloid migrants from Asia who later inter-married with the indigenous people. Later still (1000 BC) inter-marriage occured with Indo-Arians migrants from the south Asian sub-continent of India. The first indian migrants came primarily from Gujarat in Southeast India during the first Christian era.

82. INDONESIA TOURISM : GENERAL INFORMATION, ART AND CULTURE indonesia is rich in art and culture which are intertwined with religion and ageold traditions from the time of early migrants with Western thoughts brought http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/culture.html

Art and Culture GENERAL INFORMATION History The Capital ... eastjava.com Indonesia is rich in art and culture which are intertwined with religion and age-old traditions from the time of early migrants with Western thoughts brought by Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists. The basic principles which guide life include the concepts of mutual assistance or "gotong royong" and consultations or "musyawarah" to arrive at a consensus or "mufakat" Derived from rural life, this system is still very much in use in community life throughout the country. Though the legal system is based on the old Dutch penal code, social life as well as the rites of passage are founded on customary or "adat" law which differs from area to area. "Adat" law has a binding impact on Indonesian life and it may be concluded that this law has been instrumental in maintaining equal rights for women in the community. Religious influences on the community are variously evident from island to island. Unlike some countries art forms in Indonesia are not only based on folklore, as many were developed in the courts of former kingdoms such as in Bali, where they are part of religious ceremonies. The famous dance dramas of Java and Bali are derived from Hindu mythology and often feature fragments from the Ramayana and Mahabharata Hindu epics. Highly stylized in movement and costume, dances and the

83. Joglosemar Online (Yogyakarta-Solo-Semarang, Indonesia) of Joglosemar. Along with the national development of indonesia, the islands of shall be developed economically whilst preserving its precious culture and nature http://www.joglosemar.co.id/

Rate our site Search Indonesia Along with the national development of Indonesia, the islands of paradise on the equator, the regions of JOGLOSEMAR acronym of Jogyakarta, Solo and Semarang, "The golden triangle" of Jogyakarta and Central Java shall be developed economically whilst preserving its precious culture and nature, avoiding environmental damages. [Click here for symbolic meaning of Joglosemar] Search Joglosemar Online powered by FreeFind WHAT'S NEW SITE MAP Find other Indonesian sites: detailed search add a link Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat Karaton Yogyakarta ... Javanese Traditional and Ritual Ceremonies TOWNS Yogyakarta and its surroundings Solo and its surroundings Semarang and its surroundings Magelang, Temanggung, Wonosobo and its surroundings TOURISM Travel Agents Hotels Cultural Restaurants Entertainment Public Services The Dont's ... Mountaineering last update 5/24/02 11:39:30 AM FastCounter by bCentral since Friday, May 24, 2002 Designed by Any comment and question related to this page, please contact webmaster@joglosemar.co.id Head Office PT Sangga Sarana Persada Kebayoran Center Blok B-1 Jl. Kebayoran Baru

84. SEAsite - Indonesia Home This site also contains English language materials on facets of Indonesian culture such as gamelan, batik, current events, and literature. http://www.seasite.niu.edu/indonesian/Default.htm

Learning Indonesian on the Internet Kamus Besar The Main Dictionary Indonesian - English Get a copy for your computer English-Indonesian Database Foto-foto Asia Tenggara Database of photographs of Southeast Asia A searchable database of pictures from Indonesia and other countries of Southeast Asia Bahasa Indonesia di NIU Indonesian at NIU Learning Indonesian at Northern Illinois Universit y Belajar Bahasa Indonesia dalam Tujuh Hari Learning Indonesian in 7 Days Simple steps to learn Indonesian in a short time Indonesian Elections Information on Indonesian Elections NEW!!! 2004 Indonesian Elections Berita Tanah Air News on Indonesia Links to Indonesian Media on the Net Islam in Indonesia Information on Islam in Indonesia Link to Islamic organizations in Indonesia Jakarta Reformasi !!! Reformation in Indonesia Dismantling the Old Regime and Reconstructing the New Indonesia Gerbang Indonesia Links to Internet Sites on Indonesia in Indonesian and English Peta-peta Indonesia Indonesian maps Indonesian maps you can click and zoom in on Budaya Bangsa Arts and Cultures from across Indonesia The Music of Gamelan Fables and Folklores Batik Cooking Recipes ... Southeast Asian Studies Summer Institute at the University of Wisconsin, Madison:

85. Arts And Culture From Across Indonesia Arts and culture from Across indonesia Literature A link to a page about Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Gamelan Music of Gamelan Introduces http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Indonesian/Budaya_Bangsa/

Arts and Culture from Across Indonesia Literature A link to a page about Pramoedya Ananta Toer Gamelan Music of Gamelan Introduces the Balinese and Javanese gamelan, the famous Indonesian traditional musical instruments. Cerita Rakyat Fables and Folklore Various fables and folklore from different parts of Indonesia. Wayang The Shadow Theatre of Indonesia Wayang Slide Show Articles Balinese Dance Cita Rasa Nusantara Culinary Traditions of the Islands Batik Traditional Cloth and Fabrics Introduces the making of batik and traditional Indonesian clothing. Kisah Ramayana The story of Ramayana - Indonesian version Masyarakat Kota Keturunan Cina People in the cities Aneka Suku Bangsa People and Places of the Archipelago

86. 1Up Travel : Indonesia - History And Culture Of Indonesia. history. indonesia is rich in art and culture, integrated with religion and ageold traditions. indonesia History and culture. History http://www.1uptravel.com/international/asia/indonesia/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Asia Indonesia ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Indonesia Guide Indonesia Maps Indonesia Hotels Indonesia Flag ... Indonesia Travel Warning Indonesia History and Culture History The first settlers in the Indonesian Archipelago was believed to be that of the "Java Man", found in east Java. The "Malays" from southern China and Indochina later began populating the archipelago around 3000BC. Indonesia is very much influenced by the cultures it encountered throughout its history. Powerful groups such as the Buddhist Srivijaya empire and the Hindu Mataram kingdom had arisen in Java and Sumatra towards the end of the 7th century. The last great Hindu kingdom was the Majapahit, which was founded in the 13th century. The subsequent spread of Islam into the archipelago in the 14th century forced the Majapahit's to retreat to Bali, which is one of the few islands which remained Hindu and preserved to this day. By the 15th century, a strong Muslim empire had developed and most people in Indonesia today practice Islam.

87. Indonesia Business Etiquette, Culture - Doing Business In Indonesia Native Planet Help and Empower Mentawai People Mentawai culture The Mentawai jungle dwellers live on the remote island of Siberut (Sumatra, indonesia). Their gentle culture is one of the most fascinating and best preserved http://www.executiveplanet.com/business-etiquette/Indonesia.html

Doing Business in Indonesia Indonesia Business Indonesia business etiquette and culture Advertising Info About Your Guide Your guide to Indonesia: Apply now! Web site: www.executiveplanet.com Ask Apply now! a question on the Message Board About your guide: Apply now to be an ExecutivePlanet.com guide! If you are an expert in the business culture of this country, contact info@executiveplanet.com for information on applying to become a guide. Advertising Info Links Page Indonesia Business Etiquette and Culture This guide to Indonesia business etiquette and culture covers many aspects of doing business in Indonesia This guide contains the following articles: Let's Make a Deal negotiating tactics, the value of connections, recommended business card style and content, business card protocol, sitting and presenting yourself in meetings, language for brochures and promotional material, pace of business, preferred presentation styles, final agreements, thinking styles, adherance to company policy, and more on Indonesia business culture . . . Prosperous Entertaining typical mealtimes throughout the day, best venues for business entertaining, punctuality for social events, dinner table seating etiquette, mealtime etiquette, importance of alcohol, toasting, guidelines for hosting a banquet/social event, what foods should be served/avoided, accepting and declining invitations, and more on Indonesia business etiquette. . .

88. The British Council - Indonesia We bring you the best of UK and Indonesian culture through theatre, dance, literature and the visual arts. Find out more about our http://www2.britishcouncil.org/indonesia

WELCOME TO THE BRITISH COUNCIL INDONESIA Pilih bahasa Indonesia The British Council in Indonesia connects Indonesians with the best learning opportunities and creative ideas from the UK. We also want to keep building upon the many excellent relationships that already exist between our two countries. So whether you want to improve your English, study in the UK, keep in touch with our Britzone community club, or simply find out what we're doing over the coming months, you have come to the right place. uk alumni IS your Destination UK? Montage CultureLab-UK ... Chevening Scholarship The UK government’s scholarship scheme, aimed at future leaders, high achievers, opinion formers and decision-makers. Find out more. Learning We can help you apply for scholarships, take exams, and access our first class library. Find out more. Development We contribute to democratic reform and help improve the quality of life in Indonesia through various education, health and governance projects. Find out how you can get involved. Connecting Futures Do you feel you can make a real difference to the future? Are you aged between 15 - 25, or would like to become involved with a project for young people? Find out more.

89. Bali Indonesia Information Directory Bali Travel, Bali Culture such as Bali hotels, culture, religion, holidays, events, handicrafts, health and medical, education, travel, tours, and villas for rent in Bali, indonesia. http://www.baliwww.com/directory/

90. Indonesia : Business And Culture. Translate this page To promote indonesia - history, culture, economy, tourism - To help French companies to develop their market in this area of the world, and indonesian http://www.ils.fr/candi/indonesie/summary.htm

INDONESIA Summary : Introduction I - Objective II - the services which I can provide III - Business IV - Topicality V - Images of Indonesia VI - temples of Java Introduction Introduction : J'ai été en Indonésie pour la première fois en 1983./ I was in Idonesia for the first time in 1983 J'y suis ensuite retourné plusieurs fois dans les années 90./ Since then, I have returned several times. Je connais des Indonésiens en Indonésie et en France./ I know many Indonesians in Indonesia and France. J'ai appris la langue Bahasa Indonesia. / I learned the language Bahasa Indonesia. I have a large personal library on this country. J'ai une bibliothèque personnelle très fournie sur ce pays. / I have a large personal library on this country. J'ai plusieurs milliers de photographies de Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, essentiellement de types illustration et archéologie./ I have several thousand of photographs of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, primarily cultural, lanscape, and archeologia. I - Objectif / Objective : Mieux faire connaître l'Indonésie - histoire, culture, économie, tourisme -, et aider les entreprises françaises à développer leur marché dans cette région du monde, et les entreprises indonésiennes à faire connaître leurs productions en France et en Europe. /

91. Bali Culture And Bali Custom - Information About Life In Bali - Kecak.com BALI culture BALI CUSTOM. of the Krisna Group Privacy Policy and Terms Conditions © Copyright 2002,kecak.com Complete Bali indonesia Hotels List . http://www.kecak.com/general/culture.html

BALI HOTELS BALI VILLAS BALI ACTIVITIES BALI WEDDINGS ... CONTACT BALI Hotels Villas Travel Weddings ... Panoramic View LOMBOK Hotels Tour Transfer Rupiah Packages JAVA Yogyakarta Hotels Jakarta Hotels Bandung Hotels Surabaya Hotels COMMUNITY Chat Room Forum Related Sites SITE TOOLS NEWSLETTER Subscribe Unsubscribe Each stage of Balinese life is marked by a series of ceremonies and rituals known as Manusa Yadnya. They contribute to the rich, varied and active life the average Balinese leads. Birth The first ceremony of Balinese life takes place even before birth. Another ceremony takes place soon after the birth, during which the afterbirth is buried with appropriate offerings. The first major ceremony takes place halfway through the baby's first Balinese year of 210 days. Names Basically the Balinese only have four first names. The first child is Wayan or Putu, the second child is Made or Kadek, the third is Nyoman or Komang and the fourth is Ketut. The fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth will be another Wayan, Made, Nyoman, Ketut and Wayan again.

92. Indonesia - Food, Clothing, And Popular Culture Although they were an important part of Indonesian national culture in the early 1990s, films did not necessarily mirror accurately the facts of Indonesian life http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/43.htm

Food, Clothing, and Popular Culture Indonesia Table of Contents Many foods could be found in nearly every corner of the archipelago in the 1990s. Rice is a national staple, even in areas such as eastern Indonesia, where the main source of most starch was likely to be corn (known as maize in Indonesia), cassava, taro, or sago. On ceremonial occasionsmodern weddings, funerals, or state functionsfoods such as sate (small pieces of meat roasted on a skewer), krupuk (fried shrimp- or fish-flavored chips made with rice flour), and highly spiced curries of chicken and goat were commonly served. In public events, these foods were often placed on a table, served at room temperature, and guests served themselves buffet style. Rice was placed in the center of the plate, with meats or other condiments around the edges. Food was eatenusually quite rapidly and without speakingwith the fingertips or with a spoon and fork. Water was generally drunk only after the meal, when men (rarely women) smoked their distinctive clove-scented kretek cigarettes.

93. History, Art Culture Of Indonesia History, Art culture of indonesia. Moving to indonesia Art culture of indonesia. indonesia (cultures of the World) by Gouri Mirpuri, Robert Cooper. http://www.escapeartist.com/indonesia/art.html

Index for Indonesia Escape from America Magazine Moving to Indonesia Acces Place - Acces Place - Art news, museums, exhibits, schedules, calendars, artists, dance, theater, photography, architecture, paintings, sculpture, store. Agung Rai Museum of Art - Agung Rai Museum of Art - Houses a collection of works by Balinese, Javanese and foreign artists. Agung Galeri - Agung Galeri - Founded in 1998 and based on the Island of Bali, Agung Galeri (Grand Gallery) promotes works of art from Indonesian artists featuring traditional and contemporary paintings. Akweb - Akweb - Indonesia's events, arts shows, entertainment, hotel, resorts, exhibition, and trade shows. Architecture Indonesia - Architecture Indonesia - Architects and design resources, education, buildings and associations. Art Gallery - Art Gallery - Art and design associations on the world wide web provides links to over 560 associations whose members are interested in variety of visual arts, architecture, design, and allied fields. Asian Arts - Asian Arts - Particularly interested in batiks of central java and ikat/songket from the Indonesian archipelago, and Japanese handpainted textiles.

94. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Islamic Political culture; Modern Political culture; Pancasila The State Ideology. Human Rights and Foreign Policy; Participation in ASEAN; indonesia, ASEAN, and http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/idtoc.html

INDONESIA - A Country Study Search Indonesia Include word variants Use only words as entered. INDONESIA Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

95. Cultural Sublimation: The Museumizing Of Indonesia Material cultural forms act as functioning ritual objects, art forms, and examples of indonesia s richly diverse national culture. http://www.hawaii.edu/cseas/pubs/explore/v1/v1n1-art2.html

Home About Academic Programs Faculty ... Explorations Explorations in Southeast Asian Studies A Journal of the Southeast Asian Studies Student Association Vol 1 No 1 Spring 1997 Show Table of Contents Cultural Sublimation: The Museumizing of Indonesia Amanda Rath Amanda Rath is currently a M.A. candidate in the Asian Studies program at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa Introduction Mouse goes everywhere, through rich men's houses she creeps, and she visits even the poorest. At night, with her bright little eyes she watches the doing of secret things and no treasure chamber is safe that she cannot enter and see what is hidden there. In the olden days she wove a story child from all she saw and to each of these she gave a gown of a different color-white, red, blue or black. The stories became her children and lived in her house and served her because she had no children of her own. The above is an old Eikoi folk tale demonstrating a very sophisticated theory of aesthetics and creative sublimation. I apply this tale to explain Indonesian systems of nation building and methods of enforcing a national hegemony. Indonesia has created its national "story" based upon the many cultures contained within its national boundaries. It chooses from the rich as well as the poor, combining the many found treasures to weave its tale. Not all local "stories" will be deemed appropriate to this national unity, which uses culture as its base. Those elements which fail to be assimilated or appropriated face enforced conscription or obscurity. Such political control makes the autonomous cultivation of local forms rare.

96. Indonesia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia culture. Main article culture of indonesia Art forms in indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia

Indonesia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Republic of Indonesia , world's largest archipelago , is located between the South East Asian peninsula and Australia , between the Indian and Pacific Oceans . Indonesia borders Malaysia on the island of Borneo Kalimantan in Bahasa Indonesia Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea Irian in Bahasa Indonesia ) and East Timor on the island of Timor Republik Indonesia In Detail (Full size) National motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese : Unity in Diversity) Official language Bahasa Indonesia Capital Jakarta ... Ranked 4th 119/km² Independence From the Netherlands August 17 December 27 Currency ... UTC +7 to UTC National anthem Indonesia Raya Internet TLD .ID Calling Code Table of contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Provinces 4 Geography ... edit History Main article: History of Indonesia Under influence of Buddhism , several kingdoms formed on the islands of Sumatra and Java from the to 14th century . The arrival of Arab traders later brought Islam , which became the dominant religion. When the Europeans came in the early 16th century , they found a multitude of small states. These were vulnerable to the Europeans, who were in pursuit of dominating the spice trade. In the

97. Australia And Indonesia’s Bilateral Relations: Some Cross-cultural Challenges Generally, indonesia’s collective culture means the level of compromise will be very high, as exemplified in the recent presidential and vicepresidential http://www.international-relations.com/CM4-2/NewAusIndonesia.html

K. Kalidjernih 2000 Healing the Wound: Some Cross-cultural Challenges to Australia – Indonesia Relations By Freddy K. Kalidjernih 1. Introduction The recent strain in relations between Australia and Indonesia resulting from the East Timor Crisis has shown once again that cross-cultural misunderstandings might be the basis of potential conflicts between Australia and its neighbour if not addressed properly. Apart from political and economic interests of the two countries (commonly related to human rights, transparency and democracy issues) that might have influenced leaders' decisions and actions, these events have clearly indicated that people from different cultural and historical backgrounds really do behave differently. To Australia, the future of Indonesia’s democracy means greater attention will need to be paid to cultural aspects, along with consideration of political and economic issues arising out of Indonesia’s past authoritarian regime. The purpose of this paper is to explore some primary cross-cultural issues that are the challenges to Australia if it wishes to rebuild and foster its relationship with Indonesia in the future. The concepts and theories behind the discussion are not new inventions, but those which have been widely acclaimed and have gained significant success in practical applications. Also, the value differences of the two countries exemplified in the present work have been discussed for many years, but have received little attention in this context. This paper will be further divided into four parts: value orientations, historical perspectives, implications of belief system, and the future.

98. INDONESIAN CULTURE PLAZA indonesiaN culture PLAZA. Selamat Datang di GBI! Japanese. Gallery. Exhibition culture and Art of the indonesia Forest in Tokyo, 1997. Article in GATRA. http://www.harapan.co.jp/Indonesia/GBI/eng/GBI_index_e.htm

INDONESIAN CULTURE PLAZA Selamat Datang di GBI! Japanese Our visitors since 1998/06/04 are: Indonesian Culture Plaza (ICP: GBI=Graha Budaya Indonesia in Indonesian) is the information base in Tokyo Japan to introduce various aspects of Indonesia. Seiichi Okawa, METRO TV(Indonesian 24 Hours News TV Channel) Tokyo Bureau Chief is the producer. Index Berita GBI oleh SEIICHI OKAWA Berita GBI is Indonesian online news covered by Seiichi Okawa in Japanese. For convenience of Indonesian people, we put index in Indonesian language. Kegiatan GBI Awardees of GBI Prize: Indonesian Composition Contest Search GBI Site About Indonesian Culture Plaza ... GBI Original Greeting Card amazon.com's Bestsellers on Indonesia Travel General Bali Java Borneo Music Indonesia Bali Java History Search amazon.com by keywords Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian Politics Timor ... gamelan INDONESIAN CULTURE PLAZA 1-6-8-105, Shimo-Ochiai, Shinjuku-ku

99. Study Abroad - Indonesia: Bali-Arts And Culture December/February to May. indonesia BaliArts and culture visit the web site by clicking here! School for International Training http://www.studyabroaddirectory.com/listingsp3.cfm/listing/4992

Indonesia city: Ubud country: Indonesia term: Fall, Spring dates: September to December/February to May Indonesia: Bali-Arts and Culture visit the web site by clicking here! School for International Training PO Box 676 Kipling Road Brattleboro, Vermont 05302 United States phone: fax: web site: visit School for International Training's web site by clicking here subject areas: Anthropology, Geography, History and Social Sciences description: The School for International Training's Study Abroad programs offer field-based study in over 57 countries. Students earn 16 semester credits on a 15-week experience designed to encourage a global awareness that enables people to live and act in an interdependent world. Groups of seven to 25 students are lead by one or two academic directors. Indonesia's 13,000 islands have historically attracted an array of traders, colonizers, and settlers from throughout the world. The nation's long history of adaptation and change, dating back to its Dutch colonization, continues today as a result of tourism and the influence of global marketplaces forces that have dramatically altered Indonesia's natural and cultural landscapes. Bali provides an ideal setting in which to study the contending forces and contradictions at play throughout Indonesia. A predominantly Hindu island in an otherwise Muslim nation, Bali is one of the most extensively researched islands of the archipelago, due in part to its unique blend of religious and cultural influences, its rich artistic heritage, and the continued importance of religion in Balinese daily life. As you study the artistic and cultural traditions of the Balinese and examine conflicts between economic goals and local culture, you gain insight into the challenges of a traditional society affected by an international tourist population and increasing development.

100. Indonesia.NL - Education & Culture :Cooperation Between Indonesia And The Nether 18th 1992 at Jakarta between the Minister of State for Research and Technology of theRepublic of indonesia and the Minister of Education, culture and Science http://www.indonesia.nl/articles.php?rank=1&art_cat_id=45

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