41. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Aymara (South American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedi Related Category south American indigenous peoples. ImArA´ Pronunciation Key, Nativesouth Americans inhabiting the In general, social organization was, and http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/A/Aymara.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather SEARCH : in Reference June 09, 2004 You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South American Indigenous Peoples ... Aymara By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z A Aymara, South American Indigenous Peoples Related Category: South American Indigenous Peoples Aymara I Pronunciation Key , Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent. after a long struggle, the Aymara continue to dominate the region, with a population of over 2 million in the mid-1990s. The Aymara languages make up a separate unit; they are spoken in Peru and Bolivia in the Titicaca region. The Aymara, conquered (1538) by Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro, retained their pastoral and agricultural culture. In general, social organization was, and still is, based on the patrilineal family unit. Contemporary Aymara and the related Quechua peasant culture is a blend of aboriginal, Spanish colonial, and modern elements. See H. Osborne

42. Indigenous Peoples Gain Historic Access To The OAS indigenous representatives from Central and south america sat at on the Rights ofindigenous peoples will continue A vote on the american Declaration could take http://www.indianlaw.org/body_oas_participation.htm

Go to Press Releases Page Indigenous Representatives Gain Access To OAS Experts Meeting February 23, 1999 Indigenous representatives recently gained unprecedented access to an important meeting of the Organization of American States. Thirty indigenous leaders, lawyers and indigenous rights activists from North, Central and South America secured permission to participate in a meeting of the Committee on Political and Juridical Affairs of the OAS Permanent Council, February 10- 13, 1999. The meeting was initially called for governmental experts only, to review the draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples . Indigenous representatives successfully argued that indigenous leaders and indigenous experts also should be permitted to participate in this important human rights activity. This opening of the doors of the OAS was a breakthrough for indigenous peoples and also for civil society representatives from environmental, human rights, and development groups who too have been insisting that the OAS permit regular democratic participation by non-governmental organizations. A plan to establish an OAS civil society accreditation system modeled on the United Nation's non-governmental system is being considered at this time. The precedent just set by indigenous representatives should help advance that process. Regular participation by non-governmental organizations in OAS activities would serve to broaden access of civil society to the multilateral development banks and other international institutions as well, and would be a good example of how all national governments should relate to civil society at home.

43. World Ethnic, Indigenous, Pagan And Neopagan Religion Links North American Central American south American Koori Maori general (Neo)paganism LinksMything Links / indigenous peoples Asatru / Germanic and http://www.angelfire.com/on/Wodensharrow/worldlinks.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Links Index Site Menu Home World Ethnic, Indigenous, Pagan and Neopagan Religions Links Provided in the belief that the development of the free human spirit benefits all beings and contributes to the healing and preservation of Mother Earth. Updated October 8, 2003 Working on verifying these links, if you have changed URLs, or would like to be added to this links list, please Email me Click to jump to a category: Ethnic Religions Resources Asatru/Heathen Celtic Druid ... Current Moon Phase (to the minute) Ethnic and Indigenous Religions Resources World Congress of Ethnic Religions Center for World Indigenous Studies Bill's Aboriginal Links Mything Links / Indigenous Peoples Asatru / Germanic and Norse Paganism / Heathen Links Pages Are Here: Asatru Organisations Asatru Personal Websites Germanic History, Language, and Culture Links Germanic / Norse Source E-texts Celtic Paganism Clannada na Gadelica: Gaelic Traditionalist Resource Page Welcome to Aisling Association of Celtic Tribes Trefn Gwyddoniad's Nemeton Gwynvyd Celtic Resources from Celtic-L ... Lugh The Il-Dana (Lugh Samildanach) Druidry The Celtic Traditionalist Order of Druids Reformed Druids of North America The Order of Druids in Ulster The British Druid Order ... Druid.org

44. American Indian Resource Directory Literature This system is dedicated to the indigenous peoples of the poems, mythesand legends, the Native peoples of North and south america are well http://www.indians.org/welker/natlit.htm

Last Updated: Columbus Day, October 12, 2003

45. Resolution On The Specific Fund To Support The Elaboration Of The American Decla indigenous representatives–one from south america, one from the Caribbean, andone from North america. representatives of the indigenous peoples present at http://www.state.gov/p/wha/rt/oas/20822.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Resolution on the Specific Fund to Support the Elaboration of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples CP/RES. 817 (1319/02) THE PERMANENT COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES, NOTING resolution AG/RES. 1610 (XXIX-O/99), in which it was decided to establish a working group of the Permanent Council to continue consideration of the Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (hereinafter the Draft Declaration); CONSIDERING operative paragraph 4 of resolution AG/RES.1780 (XXXI-O/01), which recommended to the Permanent Council the establishment of a specific fund consisting of voluntary contributions to support the participation of representatives of indigenous peoples in meetings related to the Draft Declaration and stated that mechanisms should be sought to ensure indigenous participation in the utilization of the fund; CONSIDERING the importance of indigenous participation in the process of elaborating the Draft Declaration and of indigenous cooperation in carrying out and publicizing the activities of the Working Group; TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION the proposals received from member state representatives and from representatives of indigenous peoples on the establishment of the specific fund, in particular document GT/DADIN/doc.75/02; and

46. Permanent Forum On Indigenous Issues these programmes are free and open to the general public with The indigenous Peoplesof Guyana. the only country on the mainland of south america where English http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/pfii/intday2003.htm

International Day of the World’s Indigenous People 8 August 2003 12:30 p.m. , United Nations Public Lobby Welcome and Prayer Blessing Chief Walter “Silent Wolf” Van Dunk (Ramapo - Munsey Lenape, U.S. Message of the United Nations Secretary General, Kofi Annan Presented by Nitin Desai, Under-Secretary-General, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Message of the Chairman of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Ole Henrik Magga Presented by Elsa Stamatopoulou, Acting Chief, Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, DESA/DSPD Message of the Acting High Commissioner for Human Rights, Bertie Ramcharan Presented by Craig Mokhiber, Officer-in-charge, New York Office/OHCHR Message of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Presented by Dorothy Rozga ,Senior Programme Officer, Division of Policy and Planning Message of the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Cultural Presentation: Ramapo Mountain Lenape Singers Carrese P. Gullo (Cherokee, American Indian Community House)

47. Quito -- General Information 100 years, across much of western south america from a small population is a mix ofpeoples (mestizo), with pockets of less integrated indigenous and Afro http://www.bowdoin.edu/cbbaway/QuitoE/QGeneralinformation.html

Each fall Colby, Bates, and Bowdoin Colleges offer semester-long program at the ACLAS Center in Quito, Ecuador. E ach program is three courses plus a Spanish language course. Tentative Program Schedule Departure August 23 Orientation August 25-29 Classes begin September 1 Fall break October 18-26 Program ends December 13 CBB in Ecuador Ecuador is a beautiful country of diverse cultures and environments. It is named after the Equator, which runs through it. Colonized as early as 10,000 B.C., Ecuador eventually developed large agricultural states, with centers which produced magnificent monumental architecture, finely woven textiles, intricately fashioned metals, and beautiful ceramics. Probably the most well-known historical inhabitants of Ecuador are the Incas. A relatively late, successful, expansionist empire, the Incas spread, in approximately 100 years, across much of western South America from a small city in the highlands of Peru. The capital of the northern part of the empire was the city that became the current capital of Ecuador, Quito. When the Spanish arrived in 1532, the leader, Francisco Pizarro, managed to defeat the Incas by playing off different factions of the empire against each other and eventually kidnapping, and later executing, the victorious Inca leader, Atahualpa. Ecuador was ruled by Spain for almost 300 years, and an important area of study in the country is the analysis of the thousands of administrative documents that the Spanish left behind. As well as the archives, the Spanish left populations, cultural ideas, Roman Catholicism, African slaves, colonial architecture, and the Castilian language.

48. South America south america. Embassies Embassies in and from Latin america. Decertification 1996.Text of State Dept. indigenous peoples in Ecuador. Government and Economics. http://www-personal.si.umich.edu/~rlwls/andsouth.html

South America These are the Internet resources that I find most interesting and useful as a Reference Librarian. Please also visit my other pages for Mexico Central America and the Caribbean , and Latin American Subject Resource. I've also created a page for Online Newspapers from Latin America . Embassy pages are often an excellent source of country information. I maintain a link to those in Latin America at Embassies and Consulates in and from Latin America . I hope you enjoy exploring Latin America over the Internet as much as I do. Latin American Network Information Center From the University of Texas at Austin. This is the most complete directory of links to Internet information on Latin America. Andean Music Quick Jumps: Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile ... Venezuela Argentina General Information Information Please: Argentina (Search: Argentina) Basic Information from the Information Please Almanac. CIA World Fact Book: Argentina CIA World Fact Book: Malvinas (Falkland Islands) Background Notes - U.S. Department of State World Bank Overview: Argentina ... Encyclopedia Britannica (Only at locations with site licenses) (Search: Argentina) Free web version: Britannica.com

49. Science In The Rainforest: Native Peoples Of Tropical Rainforests In fact, indigenous, or native, people have lived In North and south america theywere mistakenly named Indians by Christopher Columbus, who thought that he http://www.pbs.org/tal/costa_rica/native.html

Answers to Questions on Native Peoples of Tropical Rainforests WHO ARE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE? IN GENERAL, HOW DO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE LIVE? FOOD EDUCATION ... GLOSSARY Q: WHO ARE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE? A: Tropical rainforests are bursting with life. Not only do millions of species of plants and animals live in rainforests, but many people also call the rainforest their home. In fact, Indigenous, or native, people have lived in rainforests for thousands of years. In North and South America they were mistakenly named Indians by Christopher Columbus, who thought that he had landed in Indonesia, then called the East Indies. Q: IN GENERAL, HOW DO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE LIVE? A: Although many Indigenous people live much like we do, some still live as their ancestors did many years before them. These groups organize their daily lives differently than our culture. Everything they need to survive, from food to medicines to clothing, comes from the forest. FOOD Besides hunting, gathering wild fruits and nuts and fishing, Indigenous people also plant small gardens for other sources of food, using a sustainable farming method called shifting cultivation. First they first clear a small area of land and burn it. Then they plant many types of plants, to be used for food and medicines. After a few years, the soil has become too poor to allow for more crops to grow and weeds start to take over. So they then move to a nearby uncleared area. This land is traditionally allowed to regrow for 10-50 years before it is farmed again.

50. Latin American History Sources general Latin america Studies Sites. Abya Yala Net Resources on the indigenous peoplesof Mexico, Central and south america, a project of the south and http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/History/tm/latin.html

Latin American History General Latin America Studies Sites Mexico Central America Caribbean ... Indigenous Peoples General Latin America Studies Sites Latin American Studies List of links dealing with all aspects and nations of Latin America maintained by the University of Texas Latin American Network Information Center. Also see Internet Resources for Latin America and Historical Text Archive Linking the Americas Stanford University Libraries' project to digitize a collection of Stanford University Press titles dealing with Latin America and some rare and manuscript materials. Regional Sites: Mexico Legislacion Mexicana 1687-1901 First 11 volumes of the classic printed collection of Mexican legislation. Mexican Presidential Messages Collection of presidential messages from the 19th through 20th century. Mexico from Empire to Revolution Exhibit with images and narrative from the Getty Research Institute. Tlatelolco Massacre Part of the National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book series at George Washington University. Provides a brief overview and copies of declassified documents. Zapatistas! Documents of the New Mexican Revolution

51. Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights systems to have their rights as indigenous peoples recognized releases and publicationsabout the Mapuche peoples’ struggles in south america and in http://160.94.193.60/indig/reports/mapuche.htm

The Mapuche People of South America Background For most of the time since independence, Chile has pursued policies explicitly meant to take control of Mapuche territories. The political, cultural and social independence of the Mapuche was explicitly denied, and even now the Chilean Constitution does not recognize the distinct political and cultural identities of indigenous peoples within Chile. However, in 1993 a law was passed to recognize, protect and support indigenous peoples (Law 19.253 for the Protection, Promotion and Development of Indigenous People). There are five main foci of the law: political participation, education, land rights, cultural rights, and development rights. These are meant to address the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples as set by UN Convention No. 169: The Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. MAP OF CHILE Source: WorldAtlas.com http://www.graphicmaps.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/maps/clmap.htm Current Struggles Hydroelectric development: Perhaps one of the most important struggles for the Mapuche is the movement against hydro-electric development in their territories, on the Bío Bío River. In the Bío Bío project, the energy company ENDESA, S.A. (owned by Spanish parent company Enersis Group) plans to build six dams along the Bío Bío River for hydro-electric power. The project began with the Pangue dam, and construction of the second dam (Ralco) is currently underway. The Mapuche were not included in the planning for this project. In fact, two Mapuche representatives in the Chilean government were dismissed because of their resistance to the project. After their dismissal, the president appointed a non-Mapuche to the position, and the project was approved.

52. Community Healing general indigenous Studies Resources and indigenous Resources for the Middle East,Central south america, Europe, and look at the !Kung San people of Botswana http://www.tapestryweb.org/links/communityhealing.html

Through the knowing of western science CIRAN Centre for International Research and Advisory Networks. : "CIRAN's objective is to encourage research that has relevance for developing countries, and to foster international cooperation and capacity-building in this area." The Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website concerning initiatives to eliminate racial and ethnic disparties in health. Through the knowing of marginalized people General: Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Information Network : "The Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Information Network (IBIN) is a mechanism to exchange information about experiences and projects and to increase collaboration among indigenous groups working on common causes related to biodiversity use and conservation." SACNAS: Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science : SACNAS is a diverse society with a vested interest in promoting opportunities in graduate science education for Chicano/Latino, Native American, and other students. Encouraging these students to reach the highest levels in their science careers has been the Society's continuing mission during its 25 year history." Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development : "South-South Transfer of Innovative Experiences," an intiative of the Ministery of Agriculture, Guyana; the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture IICA; and the United Nations Development Program"

53. Guyana-born Author Publishes Guide On Indigenous Peoples in particular and their south American counterparts in general, accumulating awealth of rare material relating to these indigenous peoples over the years. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news02/nc204286.htm

Guyana-born author publishes guide on indigenous peoples Guyana Chronicle April 28, 2002 Related Links: Articles on Amerindians Letters Menu Archival Menu AT LONG last, Guyana-born Lal Balkaran has made it possible for not only Guyanese, but also the world at large to have a greater understanding of the Amerindians in Guyana with the compilation of the ‘Dictionary of the Guyanese Amerindians and other South American Native Terms’. The edition, an A-Z guide to the indigenous people’s anthropology, cosmology, culture, exploration, history, geography, legend, folklore and myth, is a result of Balkaran’s profound interest in Guyana’s Amerindians in particular, and their South American counterparts in general. An indispensable reference tool on Guyana’s Amerindians containing over 5,000 entries, it also defines and explains those unique notions relating to their acculturation, belief systems, ethnobotany, ethnography, ethnology, ethnohistory, religion, legend, music, and politics including other South American native terms. For instance, words like quinine, curare, coca, pepperpot, cassareep, hammock, cannibal, barbecue, buccaneer, ‘Amerindian’ itself, kanaima, peaiaman, shaman, maloco, balata, pegall, corial, woodskin, paiwari, parakari, the syncretic Alleluia Indian religion, and thousands of others are all explained.

54. Brazil Indigenous People Indians resources; publications , pages on south america (with news Commission on Human Rightsindigenous peoples page, working groups etc.; pages on peoples, law and http://www.brazilink.org/nativepeople.html

Brazilink Indigenous People April 2004 International Sources Portals/Directories NGOs New E-Library Weekly News Academia Edited by Brasilia E-Media Government Visit also Human Rights Rural Issues Environment links New E-Library More Coming Soon New New Rights and Status of Indigenous Peoples: A Global Comparative and International Legal Analysis , Siegfried Wiessner, Harvard Human Rights Journal, vol. 12, Spring 1999 Brazilian Indians fear millennial way of life is threatened by development , Michael Astor, Environmental News Network (AP), 18 February 2004 Academia GERI- Boletim Anual do GERI (full-text papers/studies) New NEPI NESSI papers ethnographic maps , mythology, articles , etc. PINEB back to top home NGOs ANAI- news (national and local) and full-text articles Amazon Link : from Acre; English, Spanish, French and German Centro de Trabalho Indigenista papers (partial access) and news; English version CIMI publications (reports, documents, etc.) COIAB -CCPY: news, documents, oral history, art : land rights, gender, education and health

55. Colección UNESCO De Historia General De América Latina : Online Chapter Las sociedades originarias (The indigenous Societies were part of the earliest adaptationspeople made to of the New World, including Central and south america;. http://www.unesco.org/culture/latinamerica/html_eng/chapter.htm

description of the project International Scientific Committee authors online chapter references and bibliography photo gallery Online chapter Las sociedades originarias (The Indigenous Societies) Director Teresa Rojas Rabiela (Mexico) Codirector John V. Murra (United States of America) Chapter 2: The Original Peopling of Latin America Alan L. Bryan Themes Introduction Asiatic Biological Origins Asiatic Technological Origins The Peopling of Latin America Early Adaptations to South American Environments Introduction Whenever the land bridge existed the south shore remained mild relative to the interior because Arctic ocean currents were cut off. During the maximum glacial advance of the Last Glacial, between about 25,000 and 15,000 years ago, the shores of the Gulf of Alaska and the west coast of British Columbia as far south as Puget Sound in Washington State were covered with glaciers because of heavy snow precipitation in the adjacent mountains. During that time glaciers covered essentially all of Canada, except most of the Yukon, which like the rest of Beringia, remained too arid for accumulation of glacial ice. However, between about 50,000 and 35,000 B. P. (before present) the climate was much as it is now. This warm interval within the Last Glacial is called an interstadial.

56. Crosspoint - Indigenous Peoples Resources North south america Carribean. Aboriginal, Native american and International Indigenoussites on teachings of North american tribal peoples brought together http://www.magenta.nl/crosspoint/indg.html

Crosspoint Anti Racism Indigenous Peoples Resources World CBF-unreached people. Albanians, Balinese, Bedouin, The Bisu, The People of Chechnya, Kazaks, Kurds, Lampungese, Muang and others. Center For World Indigenous Studies CWIS is an independent, non-profit (U.S.)research and education organization dedicated to wider understanding and appreciation of the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and the social, economic and political realities of indigenous nations. Cultural Survival. Founded in 1972, is a recognized leader in educational and communication forums that advocate the rights, voice and vision of indigenous peoples. We believe that indigenous peoples should be able to determine their own futures on their own lands. DMOZ Indigenous People Open Directory Project Indigenous People and other cultures under threat This page is concerned with indigenous peoples around the world and other cultures that are under threat. It contains links off to all the current sites on the Internet which have information on this very important area. IWGIA an independant international organization staffed by specialists and advisers on indigenous affairs. IWGIA supports indigenous peoples' human rights, self -determination, right to territory, control of land and resources, cultural integrity, and the right to development.

57. Central America, South America, And Mexico Resources Central america and the Caribbean, and south america. research articles on Latinamerican children and Amazon through the eyes of its indigenous peoples. http://www.unc.edu/world/latin_am_resources.shtml

Latin America n Resources GENERAL AREA RESOURCES FOR EDUCATORS CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND HISTORY GENERAL AREA RESOURCES UT-LANIC (University of Texas-Austin) http://www.lanic.utexas.edu The Latin American Network Information Center (LANIC) at the University of Texas-Austin provides information on Latin American countries, education, media, culture, etc. Site information is available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Institute of Latin American Studies at UNC-Chapel Hill http://www.unc.edu/depts/ilas T he Outreach Office of the Institute of Latin American Studies focuses on strengthening relationships with NC schools, providing Latin American resources for classroom use and aiding educators abilities to incorporate Latin American content in language, social studies, communications and art instruction. This is accomplished through professional development workshops, a lending library of Latin American materials, school visit programs, artists in schools programs and traveling art exhibits. Latin American Database http://www.ladb.unm.edu

58. Indigenous Peoples/Planeta.com indigenous peoples and the Future of Amazonia is an and nutritionists, its input fromthe indigenous population is three of the authors are from south america. http://www.planeta.com/planeta/95/1195people.html

Native Peoples and Environmental Conservation Reviews of Plants and Animals in the Life of the Kuna and Indigenous Peoples and the Future of Amazonia by Ron Mader November 1995 Planeta.com Site Map Events Amazon ... Book Reviews What should books about indigenous peoples strive for - acceptance among academics or the native peoples themselves? If there is a way to strike a compromise, the authors of Plants and Animals in the Life of the Kuna , have found a way to bridge the gap. This book focuses on Panama's indigenous Kuna people. The work, an environmental and artistic mosaic, is a collaboration among two Kuna biologists and a Panamanian colleague. Illustrations by Kuna artists Ologuagdi and Enrique Tejada provide a clear portal for curious outsiders. The authors document a variety of factors that contribute to environmental degradation, including abuses of the market economy, population growth, and careless practices. Being native to a region does not imply omnipotence. "The Kuna, like the indigenous peoples of North America who enthusiastically killed beaver so that Europeans could wear tall hats, have been drawn into a system vastly larger and more powerful than their own society," writes James Howe in the book's forward. "If they are to survive as a people into the next century, they must reconcile the subsistence and market economies as well as protect the borers of their small enclave." The earth is the mother of all things, the Great Mother. She is the guardian who caringly watches over all that exists. She has burba and we live on her.

59. Emily Weidhaas is not a scholarly site but was created for a general audience. country s populationand one fifth of the total indigenous people of North and south america. http://www2.truman.edu/~b1257/

Home Cultural Tradition Economic Status Political Power ... Race and Ethnicity in Latin America The Indigenous People of Peru This page focuses mainly on the status of the Indigenous people of Peru today while including some cultural and historical information. We have many goals for this page: to learn more about Indians in Peru to share what we learn with others to give people who are more interested in the Indigenous people of Peru places to go for more detailed or scholarly information about the subject This web page is not a scholarly site but was created for a general audience The Indigenous people of Peru make up 46 percent of the country's population and one fifth of the total Indigenous people of North and South America. More people of Indigenous descent live in Peru than any other country in South America. Page Created by Emily Weidhaas Katie Turnure Liz Pulido Justin Kempf

60. American Baptist Churches Resolution On Indigenous People And The 500th Annivers how the peoples of Central, south and North the historical perspectives of indigenouspeople, particularly the general Board of the American Baptist Churches http://www.abc-usa.org/resources/resol/chriscol.htm

HISTORIC AMERICAN BAPTIST RESOLUTION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THE 500TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARRIVAL OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS TO THE AMERICAS The demanding precept of the Old Testament prophet Micah "to do justice" became the foundational point for the American Baptist Policy Statement on Native Americans in 1979. Our Christian commitment to full discipleship demands that we hear these words as an individual and a corporate call to action. We believe that we must be in communion with those who suffer from injustice and present a challenge to systems which directly or inadvertently perpetuate oppression. In order for people to be set free from oppression we must face the full scope of our history without fear or denial. Jesus said, speaking about the connections between freedom and truth; "the truth shall set you free" (John 8:31-32). As the nation approaches public observances marking the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' first landing in the Western hemisphere, we are called to examine the forces which this event put into motion. This anniversary has surfaced the pain and intensified the sense of isolation for the indigenous people of the Americas. Thus, this is an opportunity for reflection and action as American Baptists. In 1992, the descendants of these indigenous people having been subjected to genocide, slavery, and exploitation, cry out that a celebration is not an appropriate observance of this anniversary.

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