1. MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: PEOPLES (by Boomie O.) NATIONAL ANTHEM. NATIONAL PLEDGE. MOTTO. peoples. POPULATION. RELIGION IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. Yoruba Nigerian Galleria igbo Net. igbo Info Art Life in africa. G.I.Jones http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/people.html

PEOPLES SITE AWARDS NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS SEND FREE WEBCARD IMMIGRATION ... SCAM INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO THE GEOGRAPHY LOCATION MAP RIVERS PATRIOTIC STUFF FLAG COAT OF ARMS NATIONAL ANTHEM NATIONAL PLEDGE MOTTO PEOPLES POPULATION RELIGION -CHRISTIANITY -ISLAM -TRADITIONAL -INFLUENCE ETHNIC GROUPS -YORUBA -IBO (or IGBO) -OTHERS LANGUAGES -YORUBA ALPHABET -HAUSA ALPHABET -LINKS TO OTHERS LANGUAGE RESOURCES -GENERAL RESOURCES -YORUBA RESOURCES -IBO RESOURCES -HAUSA RESOURCES -OTHERS MORE ON LANGUAGES -NUMBERS -PEOPLE -BODY PARTS -HOUSE PARTS -PLACES -OTHER WORDS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES YORUBA NAMES -THE NAMING CEREMONY -COMMON PARTS -CIRCUMSTANTIAL NAMES IGBO NAMES HAUSA NAMES LINKS ON NAMES THE WEDDING MARRIAGE TIDBITS FAMILY TIDBITS OTHER SOURCES FOODS AND DRINKS INTRO SOME MEALS SOME DRINKS RECIPES RECIPES LINKS BUYING (ingredients and food) DINING (restaurants) HEALTHCARE TRADITIONAL HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH POLICY INFO FOR TRAVELERS OTHER LINKS HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EDUCATION SCHOOL LANGUAGES SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL ATTIRE SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LINKS HOLIDAYS FESTIVALS ATTIRE TRANSPORTATION AIR LAND WATER SPORTS SPORTS PLAYED SPORTS HISTORY RECORDS SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS SITES ON SPORTS THE ARTS ART LITERATURE MEDIA -RADIO -TELEVISION -INTERNET JUJU MUSIC FUJI MUSIC AFRO-BEAT MUSIC OTHER MUSIC TYPES OTHER SITES WITH SAMPLES

2. Anthropology 338-Peoples Of Africa ANTHROPOLOGY 338. peoples of africa. Class Meets 2153 5) Uchendu The igbo of Southeast Nigeria 6) Amadiume Male effects of colonialization on indigenous culture, the african notions http://oncampus.richmond.edu/~jnourse/ANTHROPOLOGY 338--Peoples of Africa.html

ANTHROPOLOGY 338 Peoples of Africa Class Meets: 2:15-3:30 TR Professor: Dr. J.Nourse l09 Puryear Hall Office Hours: 2-4 M, 2-4 W Or By Appointment REQUIRED TEXTS: 1) Achebe Arrow of God 2) Bohannan and Curtin Africa and Africans 3) Bowen Return to Laughter 4) Schloss Hatchet's Blood 5) Uchendu The Igbo of Southeast Nigeria 6) Amadiume Male Daughter and Female Husbands: Gender 7) Photocopy Book and Sex in an African Culture COURSE DESCRIPTION: The goal of this course is to convey a sense of the cultural diversity of Africa, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, while also highlighting cultural continuities. Because I have spent a year of anthropological fieldwork in the West African country of Guinea-Bissau, living among the Manjaco, much of our readings will focus on West Africa. We will focus on societies which participated in the transatlantic slave-trade and the impact of that trade on those societies. Students, however, will also be assigned to groups which will research and present material about Africans who live throughout the continent. What we will learn about the people of such societies and about the cultures that inform their world-views, we receive second-hand, largely through the writings of outsiders. In order to understand and make use of this material in the fullest possible sense, we must supply a cultural context for what motivated the creators of these written materials. Thus this course on African cultures is also, to a degree, a course on how certain, at times stereotyped, images of African culture cannot help but frame even the best of anthropological studies of African cultures. To highlight the deficiencies and strengths of such works, students will compare them to accounts written by African intellectuals.

3. Africa Indigenous People Baule africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples. Dogon Eket Fang Fante Fon Frafra Fulani Hausa Hemba Holoholo Ibibio Idoma Igbira igbo Ijo Kabre http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_baule.htm

Baule Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu ArtWorld AFRICA - Baule "One of the Akan group sharing similar language and, in general, matrilineal inheritance. They broke away from the Asante of Ghana in the 18th century, bringing with them craftsmanship in gold and gold leaf decoration." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/baule/welcome.html Baule People "The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions." You will find material related to history, culture, religion, political structure, art and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Baule.html

4. WorldViews: The Peoples Of Africa africa africa World Press Guide. compiled and edited by WorldViews. africa'S peoples. A rich diversity of ancient and proud societies a focused concern on the state of the world's indigenous peoples, with the peoples of africa included among them Anioma A Social History of the Western igbo People ( Ohadike 1994 http://www.igc.apc.org/worldviews/awpguide/peoples.html

AFRICA: Africa World Press Guide compiled and edited by WorldViews AFRICA'S PEOPLES A rich diversity of ancient and proud societies T here are strengths and weaknesses attached to the study of Africa through a focus on the continent's diverse and numerous peoples. The strengths are that the continent is reduced to a more manageable size, the diversity and the rich traditions of Africa's peoples are accentuated, and the similiarities and differences among peoples everywhere in the world can be identified and analyzed. Finally, a study of the particularities of discrete societies throughout the African continent cha llenges the misperception of Africa as an undifferentiated mass of peoples. The attendant weaknesses in this approach are that Africa's population of 735 million may be reduced to exotic images and stereotypes of one or another African society or they may remain frozen in the context of the particular historical period or geog raphic locale being studied. In the introdution to his book, The Shona and their Neighbours (Beach 1994), historian David Beach (University of Zimbabwe) clearly delineates the traps that can ensnare the unwary in a study of the peoples of Africa. H e takes, as just one example, the rock paintings and stone buildings for which inhabitants of the Zimbabwean plateau are reknowned. "From the standpoint of Shona studies," Beach points out, "[the paintings and buildings] have been both a blessing and a cu rse. On the one hand, the sheer beauty of the former attracted many of the minority of educated whites into the discipline of archaeology, but it also ensured that they devoted their attention to a period and people fairly remote from the [modern-day] Sho na and their recent neighbours." Clearly, as Beach suggests, the particularlities and generalities must be kept in proper balance at all times.

5. Things Fall Apart to many aspects of traditional igbo (formerly written upon the traditional oral culture of its indigenous peoples. s Heart of Darkness, that treat africa as a http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/things/context.html

Advanced Search FAQ Home Free Study Aids ... Literature Things Fall Apart - Navigate Here - Context Plot Overview Character List Analysis of Major Characters Chapters One–Three Chapters Four–Six Chapters Seven–Eight Chapters Nine–Eleven Chapters Twelve–Thirteen Chapters Fourteen–Sixteen Chapters Seventeen–Nineteen Chapters Twenty–Twenty-One Chapters Twenty-Two–Twenty-Three Chapters Twenty-Four–Twenty-Five Important Quotations Explained Key Facts Quiz Suggestions for Further Reading Context A lbert Chinualumogu Achebe was born on November in Ogidi, a large village in Nigeria. Although he was the child of a Protestant missionary and received his early education in English, his upbringing was multicultural, as the inhabitants of Ogidi still lived according to many aspects of traditional Igbo (formerly written as Ibo) culture. Achebe attended the Government College in Umuahia from to . He graduated from University College, Ibadan, in . While he was in college, Achebe studied history and theology. He also developed his interest in indigenous Nigerian cultures, and he rejected his Christian name, Albert, for his indigenous one, Chinua. In the s, Achebe was one of the founders of a Nigerian literary movement that drew upon the traditional oral culture of its indigenous peoples. In

6. Africa Anthropology Ancient African Civilization African Archaeology. By peoples Hausa Hemba Holoholo Ibibio Idoma Igbira igbo Ijo Kabre Karagwe Kassena Katana Kom Kongo The indigenous peoples Rights Question http://www.archaeolink.com/indigenous_anthropology_africa_i.htm

Indigenous Studies - African Anthropology Home Ancient African Civilization African Archaeology By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... Zulu Abang Dance: Radiance from the River and Efik Ideal of Femininity "To dance is human, and humanity expresses itself in dance. Dancing interweaves with many aspects of life, such as art, communication, belief systems, social relations and political dynamics. Interwoven in Abang dances are three modalities: space, rhythm, and unity. Each of these modalities conveys its own distinct message(s) but interacts with each other to produce a specific form of dance as an expression and communicative art." - From Africa Resource Center - http://www.ijele.com/ijele/vol1.1/onyile.html Acacia Initiative: International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) (3.1) "The Acacia Initiative: Communities and the Information Society in Africa Program Initiative is an international program to empower sub-Saharan communities with the ability to apply information and communication technologies (ICTs) to their own social and economic development." - From International Development Research Centre - Africa Online: Kids Only A great kids site about Africa. Language, people, land and culture. Offers games and online quizzes. - illustrated - From AfricaOnline.com -

7. Indigenous People to preserve traditional cultures of indigenous peoples, empowering the Oha Neze Ndiigbo A non-political association of who reside in Cape Town, South africa. http://www.deskmod.org/Society/Ethnicity/Indigenous_People

Top Society Ethnicity Subcategories exist within this category: Canadian Native Americans Inuit News and Media ... Caribbean See also : Russian Arctic and Siberian Natives Sami Internet Domain Names ... NativeWeb - an Internet Community Resources for Indigenous Cultures Around the World. http://www.nativeweb.org/ Center For World Indigenous Studies An independent, non-profit organization; studies and promotes the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and their social, economic and political status. Fourth World Documentation Project online library; information on CWIS sponsored educational progr http://www.cwis.org/ Dictionaries and Grammars of Indigenous Languages of Mexico Organized by language family, in alphabetical order, this list includes other related books published by the Summer Institute of Linguistics or the Instituto Ling¼­stico de Verano (Mexico). English/Spanish. http://www.sil.org/americas/mexico/pub/DicGram.htm Alaska Native Heritage Center The Alaska Native Heritage Center is a gathering place that celebrates, perpetuates and shares Alaska Native culture, language, heritage and tradition. http://www.alaskanative.net/

8. African Studies - Art And Archaeology illustrated short essays on 'indigenous sculptural arts of South africa', 'modern' sculpture of Zimbabwe, and examples from Ibibio, igbo, Ijo and Ogoni speaking peoples. All of the http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/Africa/AfArt.html

African Studies Internet Resources African Studies Email: africa @libraries.cul.columbia.edu African Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Art and Archaeology of Africa A-Afri Afro Art B ... Adire African Textiles (Dr. Duncan Clarke, London, UK) A commercial site that contains useful information on the history and manufacturing techniques of adire cloth and other textiles of western Nigeria; plus links. Africa Forum (H-Africa, H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.) "Photography and colonial vision," by Paul S. Landau (May 19, 1999, Dept. of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut) Excerpt from "The visual image in Africa: an introduction" in Images and empires: visuality in colonial and post-colonial Africa, ed. by Paul S. Landau and Deborah Kaspin. The full text article reprinted from History in Africa. 22 (1995): 369-408. H-Africa Africa Forum Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page Africa Reparations Movement (UK) Campaign for Return of the Benin Bronzes (via ARC Net Ltd., UK) Note : this site has not been updated since 2002.

9. African Tribal Art Books (tw3)(afr1Page1) magnificent photographs of the indigenous peoples) (Keywords Culture africa, Maasai, Giriama, Senufo, igbo, Ntumu Fang). members of the Meru people on every http://www.tribalworldbooks.com.au/afr1Page1.html

Africa page links Page 1 of 3 TRIBAL WORLD BOOKS Feature book of the Month Bassani , Ezio(text). ZAGOURSKI - Lost Africa. Skira Editore. (See this page for more detail) index Allan Cottrell (editors). EAST AFRICA . Time-Life, Library of Nations. BNo. 0-7054-0858-2. picture credits, bibliography, index. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. Time-Life Books, Amsterdam, 1989. (This book describes the making of the three countries of East Africa and the diverse peoples who inhabit those countries now.) (Keywords: Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda). Book Code: AU index Bassani , Ezio (text). ZAGOURSKI - LOST AFRICA . From the collection of Pierre Loos. BNo. 88-8491-008-0. First Edition, 2001. Pp: 237; 320mm x 210mm; 1.70kg. 321 b/w. Foreword, list of photographs. A very good copy in dust wrapper. Cvr: vg; dw: vg. Skira Editore S.p.A. , Milano, 2001. (A photographic reportage from the 1920s and 1930s portrays ways of living, ceremonies, adorned bodies of an Africa that can be aptly defined as "lost". These extraordinary, unpublished pictures, taken with great technical skill with a sense of great dignity of the people portrayed, constitute a monument to the

10. Indigenous People and knowledge of indigenous peoples and their social africa. Features history, news and articles.http//www.ohanezendiigbo.org. The World Wide Web Virtual Library indigenous http://www.slider.com/Society/Ethnicity/Indigenous_People.htm

The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Ah‑ha ... Index The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Ah-ha Kanoodle Findwhat Summary Top Society Ethnicity Indigenous People ... NeedMoreBeer.com Indigenous People Page: Still searching the hard way? Try the Free Slider Search Toolbar and spend less time searching!! www.trellian.com Sponsored Link Dictionaries and Grammars of Indigenous Languages of Mexico Organized by language family, in alphabetical order, this list includes other related books published by the Summer Institute of Linguistics or the Instituto Ling¼­stico de Verano (Mexico). English/Spanish. http://www.sil.org/americas/mexico/pub/DicGram.htm Aboriginal Links International A directory of Aboriginal links around the world. http://www.bloorstreet.com/300block/aborintl.htm#4 Center For World Indigenous Studies An independent, non-profit organization; studies and promotes the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and their social, economic and political status. Fourth World Documentation Project online library; information on CWIS sponsored educational programs. http://www.cwis.org/

11. Home Page Council of indigenous peoples? Week II. africaIntroduction to the many indigenous Nations of africa and their art. Video african Art and Culture. igbo Culture. http://www.sifc.edu/Indian Fine Arts/inah301.htm

INAH 301 World Council of Indigenous Art FALL 2002: Tuesday/ Thursday 1:00-2:15 RM: CL251 Instructor: Carmen Robertson Office: .1.1.1 Fine Arts, College Ave Bldg. Telephone: Office: 546-8411 E-mail: crobertson@sifc.edu This course will explore historical and contemporary arts of the Original peoples of now colonized nations. The art of a wide variety of Indigenous cultures will be introduced. We will focus more specifically on just Four Indigenous Nations and their arts—the West Africa, the Aborigines of Australia, the Maori of New Zealand and the Yekuana of South America. Topics for discussion will include, but not be limited to, the place of art within a culture, art styles and media prior to contact, the effects of colonization, decolonization, foreign patrons on art styles and mediums, the continuity of older traditions in contemporary arts, and the adoption and adaptations of foreign art concepts and mediums in world Indigenous arts. Course Outline Week I What is Art History? What is an Aboriginal view of art? How do Indigenous cultures use art? What is colonization and how has it affected Indigenous arts? What is Postcolonial discourse? What is the World Council of Indigenous Peoples? Week II Africa-Introduction to the many Indigenous Nations of Africa and their art Video: African Art and Culture Igbo Culture Week III Africa-West Africa-Dogon People Video: The Art of the Dogon (24 minutes) Week IV Africa-Contemporary Arts South Africa Video-Zimbabwean Women Week V Australia Video: Australia’s art of the Dream Time

12. MSN Encarta - Africa issue, especially because indigenous peoples have diverse needs for the igbo and Hausa in Nigerias largest cities. Immigrants, such as Mozambicans in South africa, often cluster http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572628_7____64/Africa.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Send us feedback Related Items African Art and Architecture African Languages more... Magazines Search the Encarta Magazine Center for magazine and news articles about this topic Further Reading Editors' Picks Africa News Search MSNBC for news about Africa Internet Search Search Encarta about Africa Search MSN for Web sites about Africa Also on Encarta Editor's picks: Good books about Iraq Compare top online degrees What's so funny? The history of humor Also on MSN Summer shopping: From grills to home decor D-Day remembered on Discovery Switch to MSN in 3 easy steps Our Partners Capella University: Online degrees LearnitToday: Computer courses CollegeBound Network: ReadySetGo Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions Encyclopedia Article from Encarta Advertisement document.write(''); Page 7 of 18 Africa Multimedia 159 items Dynamic Map View map of Africa Article Outline Introduction Natural Environment People of Africa Economy ... History G Human Impact on Vegetation Little of Africa’s vegetation is natural in the sense of being virtually unaltered by humans. Areas near settlements bear the particular marks of human impact: People plant trees for fruit, shade, and other uses; preserve beneficial wild species; and selectively clear less desired vegetation.

13. Wauu.DE: Society: Ethnicity: Indigenous People Nigeria who reside in Cape Town, South africa. http//www.ohanezendiigbo.org. The Cultural preserve traditional cultures of indigenous peoples, empowering the http://www.wauu.de/Society/Ethnicity/Indigenous_People/

Home Society Ethnicity : Indigenous People Search DMOZ-Verzeichnis: All Categories Categories Onlye Kategorien: Australian Aboriginals Canadian Caribbean Inuit ... South America Links: Aboriginal Connections - An Indigenous Peoples Web Directory A comprehensive web directory presenting categorized information to Canadian Aboriginal, Native American Indian and International Indigenous sites on the world wide web. http://www.aboriginalconnections.com/ Aboriginal Links International A directory of Aboriginal links around the world. http://www.bloorstreet.com/300block/aborintl.htm#4 Alaska Native Heritage Center The Alaska Native Heritage Center is a gathering place that celebrates, perpetuates and shares Alaska Native culture, language, heritage and tradition. http://www.alaskanative.net/ Center For World Indigenous Studies An independent, non-profit organization; studies and promotes the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and their social, economic and political status. Fourth World Documentation Project online library; information on CWIS sponsored educational programs. http://www.cwis.org/

14. WorldViews: The Peoples Of Africa the state of the world s indigenous peoples, with the A Social History of the Western igbo People (Ohadike 1994 Lipschutz and Rasmussen 1986);; peoples of africa http://worldviews.igc.org/awpguide/peoples.html

AFRICA: Africa World Press Guide compiled and edited by WorldViews AFRICA'S PEOPLES A rich diversity of ancient and proud societies T here are strengths and weaknesses attached to the study of Africa through a focus on the continent's diverse and numerous peoples. The strengths are that the continent is reduced to a more manageable size, the diversity and the rich traditions of Africa's peoples are accentuated, and the similiarities and differences among peoples everywhere in the world can be identified and analyzed. Finally, a study of the particularities of discrete societies throughout the African continent cha llenges the misperception of Africa as an undifferentiated mass of peoples. The attendant weaknesses in this approach are that Africa's population of 735 million may be reduced to exotic images and stereotypes of one or another African society or they may remain frozen in the context of the particular historical period or geog raphic locale being studied. In the introdution to his book, The Shona and their Neighbours (Beach 1994), historian David Beach (University of Zimbabwe) clearly delineates the traps that can ensnare the unwary in a study of the peoples of Africa. H e takes, as just one example, the rock paintings and stone buildings for which inhabitants of the Zimbabwean plateau are reknowned. "From the standpoint of Shona studies," Beach points out, "[the paintings and buildings] have been both a blessing and a cu rse. On the one hand, the sheer beauty of the former attracted many of the minority of educated whites into the discipline of archaeology, but it also ensured that they devoted their attention to a period and people fairly remote from the [modern-day] Sho na and their recent neighbours." Clearly, as Beach suggests, the particularlities and generalities must be kept in proper balance at all times.

15. Basil Davidson’s The Black Man’s Burden : Africa And The Curse Of The Nation-S s words, the British had frozen the indigenous institutions at the same time robbed colonized peoples of every For example, the igbo resisted chiefs and kings http://www.entrenet.com/~groedmed/bmb.html

A Review by Derrick Grose, October 20, 1999 . As Achebe describes the process in Arrow of God , they even imposed these structures where they did not exist. Unlike the Japanese who modernized within their own cultural structures after the Meiji Restoration in Japan in 1867 Africans experienced dispossession. The guardians of tradition became the agents of foreign domination and those who wanted to modernize their continent were relegated to the periphery as trouble-makers and, in later years, "Communists." There was no consideration of how an independent, modern African nation should be formed although the foundations for such a nation could have been discovered in African history. sunsum , soul or spirit, of the Asante nation. With this symbol came the development of the Constitution of 77 Laws. This political structure was sufficiently flexible to accommodate a period of expansion while enabling the population of Asante to "participate meaningfully and effectively in politics." (Davidson, 59) Non-Akan subject people retained their own identities (Davidson, 59) but all participated in the Odwira or National Yam Festival. At the same time a sort of representative assembly met reflecting a systemic distrust of power which was "used and abused" in Asante as in other countries. This nation was not unresponsive to "marginal advantage" and resistant to change but it was denied the opportunity to evolve by the disruptions of the slave trade and eventual colonial absorption. There was a rising

16. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 strengthening ethnic solidarity among Ogoni, igbo, Ijaw, or other communities or peoples that had based on precolonial indigenous identities, competition http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/fwc/Issue10/Africa/ogoni-2.html

A FRICA Nation-building and Post-colonial Dilemmas in Africa Post-colonial nation-building patterns vary across Africa, due in some large part to the fact that Europeans practiced several forms of colonialism, and each left its own particular legacy. The most important paradoxical legacy of the British style of colonialism was that it called into being a "national" consciousness shaped by the international boundaries of European domination of the "Nigerian" or "Ghanaian" or "Kenyan" (etc.) colonies, while the colonial practice of "indirect rule" concomitantly resulted in strengthening "ethnic" solidarity among Ogoni, Igbo, Ijaw, or other communities or peoples that had had no previous motivation or means to unify. (The French and other Latin colonies were notably different in this latter effect).6 PREVIOUS PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS NEXT PAGE Created by Aigis Communications, Ltd

17. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 responsible for the dispossession of igbo property in the Unrepresented Nations and peoples Organization (UNPO Project / Center for World indigenous Studies, of http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/fwc/Issue10/Africa/ogoni-endnotes.html

A FRICA 1. See Richard Boele, "Report of the UNPO Mission to Investigate the Situation of the Ogoni of Nigeria, February 17-26, 1995," (The Hague: UNPO, 1 May 1995). 2. See W.W. Rostow, 1960, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press); and Karl Deutsch, 1953, Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality (NY: Wiley and Sons). 3. Walker Connor, 1972, Nation-building or Nation-Destroying? World Politics 24: 319-55. 4. Crawford Young, "The Temple of Ethnicity," World Politics 35, 4 (July 1983), p.659; and The Politics of Ethnic Pluralism (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976). 5. Peter Ekeh, "Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa," 6. See Ali Mazrui, 1983, Francophone Nations and English-Speaking States: Imperial Ethnicity and African Political Formations, in State versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, eds. Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola, 25-43 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press); and Basil Davidson, 1992, The Black Man's Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State (NY: Times Books). 7. The Ogoni are comprised of some six distinct clan-based groups, each of which is headed by a "king." There are 111 Ogoni villages within three local government areas that correspond to the boundaries within which four distinct Ogoni languages are spoken in numerous dialects. See Eghosa E. Osaghae, "The Ogoni Uprising: Oil Politics, Minority Agitation and the Future of the Nigerian State," African Affairs 94, 376 (July 1995).

18. J. Africa, 1914-1945. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History In 1929, igbo women in southeastern Nigeria rose up many were indeed the “indigenous authorities”) and as the South African Native peoples Congress), labor http://www.bartleby.com/67/2554.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. J.

19. Collected Sights - G.I. Jones' Photographs Of Nigerian Masquerades and the arts of the indigenous peoples of eastern Nigeria, particularly the Edo, igbo, Ekoi and when few colonial officials in africa appreciated this http://homepage.ntlworld.com/verran/sights/gijones.html

Home The Collections Visual Agency Photography and Art ... Tibet, Bhutan and Sikkim G.I. Jones' Photographs of Nigerian Masquerades For when all is said and done, a work of art must ultimately be judged by its visual effect; its appeal must be universal and regardless of age, its function, its maker or what other people have to say about it. (G.I. Jones, The Art of Eastern Nigeria, 1984.) Gwilym Iwam Jones wrote the above sentence to introduce the art of eastern Nigeria. It could have been written about his own photographs, particularly those depicting the performance of masquerades in the region during the 1930s. Not only do they illustrate Jones' mastery of the photographic technique, they also bring out the vivid imagination that framed his images. Their appeal lies in their ability to communicate actions, expressions and responses of people photographed, be they the performers, the audience or the local villagers. By using natural shadows to illuminate details, by experimenting with exposure times, apertures and focal lengths, Jones captured the experience of participating in many kinds of masquerades that are rarely performed today. Man wearing a 'Mammy wata' (mermaid) mask that was used in Rumuji Owu plays. South Ikwerri Ibo tribe.

20. College Term Papers - Africa - 007-011 A 2 page paper which examines the history of the Nigerian Ibo (igbo) people. not only to the spread of Islam among the indigenous peoples of africa but also http://www.atozpapers.com/categories/007-011.html

Customized Research • Paper Sites - More Links • Place An Order • ... Contact Us • College term papers ! - Help is HERE! term papers Accounting Africa Anatomy ... Government H History - U.S. History -Europe Holocaust Japan ... Technology T heology Theses / Diss Transportation Urban Studies ... Zoology The following papers are all available for SAME DAY DELIVERY Only $ /pg + FREE bibliography! MAKE YOUR SELECTION: Papers On Africa Page 12 of 23 [Previous] [Next] Globalization: Political Challenges For Africa send me this paper 7 pages in length. The challenges for Africa inherent to the concept of globalization are both grand and far-reaching. Inasmuch as African economic existence relies heavily upon farming and exports the dawning of globalization threatens to make such conventional practices obsolete. According to economists, globalization and the movement toward an information economy heavily dependent on knowledge-based products threatens to see Africa's already tenuous position in the global economy deteriorate further. That Africa's economy depends upon locally produced commodities, such as vanilla, sugar, cocoa and palm oil, speaks to the aspect of modernized techniques that are being developed as a means by which to create such commodities faster, cheaper and within laboratories or non-traditional environments. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Filename: TLCAfGlb.rtf

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