41. Designing The United States Of Nigeria From Scratch Edo, Efik, Fulani, Gwari, Hausa, Ibibio, idoma, Igbo, Ika war impossible among the various peoples which make up of foreign or/and indigenous colonial authority http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/darticles/designing_the_united_states_of_n.htm

Designing The United States Of Nigeria From Scratch By Kòmbò Mason Braide (PhD) Port Harcourt, Nigeria. False Federalism: Two great events occurred in Europe in the 19th century: the unification of Germany, and the unification of Italy. The whole world, (which in those good old "olden days" meant the European universe), welcomed those "triumphs of nation building". At long last, Germany and Italy had left behind all those silly little bishoprics, city states, dioceses, dukedoms, kingdoms, principalities, papal provinces, and republics, and finally evolved to become proper modern nation states, empires, colonisers, or/and even "superpowers", just like Spain, Portugal, France, and Great Britain. Germany and Italy had become "unified", like France, whose local feudal despots were effectively contained by brute force; or like England, whose kings and queens had successfully conquered, and psychologically subdued the Welsh, Scots and Irish, then proceeded to dominate the rest of the planet outside "Old Europe". The same thing happened at the far eastern fringes of Europe. Ivan (The Terrible) of Russia, conquered Central Asia, as far as the Pacific Ocean, while Peter (The Great), took over the Baltic region, most of Poland, and western Ukraine, and "unified" them accordingly. Throughout Europe, public opinion welcomed the fact that Germany, and Italy had finally joined the gentlemen’s club of imperial powers, the so-called "superpowers". However, and unfortunately, in the 20th century, the eventual outcomes of the unification of Germany and Italy were a catalogue of horrendous misadventures in territorial expansionism, conquest, the devastating loss of life visited on young rural Europeans in two World Wars, and the rise of populist demagogues like Adolf Hitler (of Germany), and Mussolini (of Italy), as well as their later-day Nigerian imitators who, to this day, claim and believe very strongly that "L'état c’est Aso Rock." In other words, if by the special grace of God Almighty, them dey kámpé for Abuja, then we all dey kámpé for Nigeria. Finito!

42. Arewa-online YORUBA. The Yoruba people live mostly in the Southwestern states. Yoruba Info Art Life in africa. IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. http://www.arewa-online.com/culture.html

INVESTMENT NIGERIA GOVERNMENT STATES ... CULTURE CULTURE Travelling to Nigeria Hotels In Nigeria Travelling in Nigeria Map Of Nigeria ... Local (Other) Chambers of Commerce NCBTC took part in Trade Mission to Africa. ..read more Traditional music director e-Government - What is it? FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND NIGERIA CATEGORIES The Yorubas The Hausas The Igbos The Urhobos ... The President History (Sites open in a separate window) History Military Economy Niger Coast Protectorate ... Photo Archive RELIGION To most Nigerians, religion and faith are important aspects of everyday life. It controls the laws, how you think and act, what you believe, what you value, and more. The religions in Nigeria are roughly 36% Christian, 56% Muslim, and about 8% 'everything else', including traditional religions and beliefs. TRADITIONAL There are a number of different traditional religions available. They usually are specific to the different ethnic groups, and the deities are usually the gods and goddesses that the ethnic group believes in, and each ethnic group had a shrine dedicated to the deities that it believed in. The deities ranged from those who created the earth, to those who offer divine protection and/or blessings to it's worshippers, to those who had control over certain aspects of the world (like weather or war), to spirits that can be somewhat controlled by human beings. Most of these religions did not have written documentation of their beliefs and practices, but they did rely on a priest to teach them and to intervene on their behalf, and the priests were usually very highly trained for this, to the extent of being raised for this task sometimes.

43. GUOSA AFRICAN CULTURAL CENTER with the wide marginal differences in terms of her people, her customs Guosa Language was evolved as a medium of common indigenous socially interwoven idoma 52 http://www.dawodu.net/guosa1.htm

GUOSA AFRICAN CULTURAL CENTER, Richmond, C PROUDLY PRESENTS: The Guosa Language: (A Pan Nigerian and West African Sub-Regional Language) By: Alex G. Igbineweka guosalanguage2@aol.com OR guosa_language02@yahoo.com The Guosa African Cultural Center is a diverse multi-cultural center located temporarily on 647 16th Street, Unit ‘A’, Richmond, California 94801. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of the Guosa Language African Cultural Center is to acquaint Western Civilization and the Asians world with the Guosa Language. A Pan Nigerian and West African Sub-Regional Language , Guosa is one of the world’s oldest language/cultural groups. Resulting from the ever transforming Nigerian, West African Sub-Regional languages. Guosa is influencing the cultures and nations of West Africa as the sub regional countries rise to meet the challenging socio-political global civilization. The Edo language is one of the States capital’s central languages spoken by the Edo people of Edo State in Nigeria. The language dates back to the pre-historic existence of the old Benin Kingdom which swept across the coastal territories of West Africa between the 12 th Century B.C. and 1950s AD

44. NigériaViagens Products And Edo, Efik, Fulani, Hausa, Ibibio, Ibo, Idoma, Ijo, People. Ethnic groups Nigeria, which is africa s most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ReligionsMuslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.worldlanguage.com/Portuguese/Countries/Nigeria.htm

Veja este "Site" em If you can't find it here, you can't find it anywhere! Página Principal Ajuda Contato Privacidade ... Total das Compras Super Bargains Academic Cinemas/Vídeos Computers / Notebooks Crianças Dicionários Dicionários Portáteis ESL-Inglês Como Segunda Língua Gift Items! Instruções-Aprendendo Jogos Karaoke Keyboard Stickers Microsoft Office Microsoft Windows Software - Windows Software - Mac Teclados Tradução Verificadores Ortográficos Mais... Nigéria Envie esta Página para um amigo. Produtos One product specific to Nigéria is available in one category. Viagens Idiomas 14 languages are spoken in Nigéria. We have 170 products available for 13 of those languages. Edo Efik Fulani Hausa ... Yoruba Capital: Abuja População: Tocar o Hino Nacional Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 923,770 sq km land: 910,770 sq km water : 13,000 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total: 4,047 km

45. Nigeria while others, notably the idoma, remained politically an already vibrant class of indigenous businesspeople. the auspices of the Northern People s Congress (NPC http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/tt_217.asp

magnum('heritage') Browse Africana Home Research Center Channels: Blackworld Heritage Lifestyle Movies and TV Music Books People Arts Funstuff Health and Beauty Services: Africana Box Office Radio Africana Political Action Center Open Source Talk Back Welcome Guest Sign In Register Home Encarta Africana > Nigeria Nigeria The Niger River is Nigeria's most remarkable physical feature, as well as the source of its name. But Africa's most populous nation did not even have a name before the late nineteenth century, nor for that matter a national identity. Rather, British colonization brought together three vast and culturally distinctive regions - north, southeast, and southwest - and at least 250 different language groups, more than any other African country. Generously endowed as well with natural resources such as crude oil, gas, coal, iron, limestone, columbite, and tin, Nigeria in its early postcolonial years was viewed as a potential middle-level economic power. Since independence in 1960, however, corrupt military rule has conspired with religious as well as ethnic fractiousness to all but dissipate the nation's early promise. Following independence, Nigeria was rocked by political crises: disputed elections led to widespread violence, then to a coup and countercoup, then to ethnic tensions that exploded into the 30-month Biafran War (1967-1970). In the nearly three decades since the Biafran War, promised returns to democratic civilian rule have been repeatedly thwarted by military-sponsored coups, crackdowns on opposition groups, and electoral maneuverings. Many of Nigeria's most esteemed intellectuals have left the country, while others have faced severe state prosecution. By the late 1990s, many Nigerians viewed head of state General Sani Abacha's ostensible democratic transition with great skepticism. In mid-1998, Abacha's sudden death, followed a month later by the equally unexpected death of one of his greatest rivals, the imprisoned businessman Moshood Abiola, left the country's political future even more uncertain.

46. Center For African And African American Studies all evangelistic work amongst his people between 1852 Toyin Falola, Yoruba Gurus indigenous Production of Knowledge in Data in the Study of idoma and Yoruba http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/caaas/events/past_event/goto/events/dt_alao_1-2

Jester Center A232A; Austin, TX 78705 :: (512) 471-1784 Fax (512) 471-1798 Main Menu Home About the Center Academic Programs Courses ... Site Map Upcoming Events To all the Black Graduates of 2004, CONGRATULATIONS!! The Center would like to thank everyone who came out and participated with the Center. Your continued support is greatly appreciated and hope to be repeated for the 04-05 school year. Click here to see more upcoming events for 2004! Calendar of Events Current Events Past Events Conferences News ... News Archives YORUBA: AN ENDURING LEGACY AKIN ALAO CENTER FOR AFRICAN AND AFRICAN –AMERICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN. Friday, January 24, 2003 ::Jump to Footnotes:: Preliminary statements on the Yoruba The Yoruba as an ethnic and cultural group is one of the most researched ethnic groups in the world. By 1976, the available literature on the Yoruba, despite many omissions, numbered 3,488 items, an unrivalled feat in sub-Saharan Africa. A Yoruba civilization with a set of ideas, values, practices, philosophical thought, beliefs, traditions, institutions, material goods and technologies is well established and never in doubt. Concrete historical realities show that the Yoruba possess a rich civilization that is comparable with other civilizations of the world. The major aspects of this culture are expressed in visible attributes and in sublime values. The material culture is exhibited in commerce, manufacturing technology, arts and crafts and of course music and dance. Yoruba values are best seen in respect for elders and constituted authorities, honesty, integrity, diligence and a profound religious belief system.

47. Genocide And Nigerian Arrny Massacre Of Tiv Civilians In Central Nigeria. where a large number of Tiv people live, losing with other ethnic groups now claiming to be indigenous. of the Benue River including Basse, idoma, Igala, Tiv http://www.ishr.org/sections-groups/wac/tiv.htm

Genocide and Nigerian Army massacre of Tiv civilians in central Nigeria Main Points Background to the ethnic crisis Who are the Tiv? The Tiv conflict with Jukun in Taraba and Hausa in Nasarawa ... The role of ISHR West African Committee Main Points Between February 2001 and October 23 alone over 7,000 members of a particular ethnic group known know as the Tiv in Benue State of Nigeria have been massacred by the Nigerian Army and two other ethnic groups from neighbouring states of Taraba and Nasarawa. The killing is still continuing in remote villages. In a widely publicised event on 23 October 2001, Nigerian Soldiers identified as troops from the 23rd Armoured Brigade of the Nigerian Army based in Yola, Adamawa State, invaded 4 Tiv villages using tanks, armoured personnel carriers and rocket propelled grenade launchers and killing more than 500 unarmed innocent civilians. In Anyiin Village where they first entered, the soldiers summoned a meeting of all villagers at a popular square under the pretext that they were to make peace. But as soon as the villagers gathered, they separated the men from women and opened fire on the unsuspecting and defenceless men, killing 137 instantly. In Zaki Biarn a town of about 50,000 people and Headquarters of the Local Council, they killed over 200 people and levelled down every single building including churches, local council offices, a Police station and the famous International yarn trading centre. Buildings were levelled to the ground wit armoured cars and grenades.

48. ImagesAfrica idoma, Benue Plateau State in Nigeria, A member of the The home language of many people in Sierre Leone and The most important indigenous language of Sierre Leone http://www.imagesafrica.com/html/languages.htm

African Languages Language Families There are several thousand languages spoken in the world, however it is estimated that about 100 account for 95% of the world's population. Languages can be grouped together into families on the basis of similarities of vocabulary and grammatical structure. It has been suggested that languages in the same family have common origins or antecedents. Languages families are divided into branches or sub-groups. For example, some of the branches of the Indo-European language family include the Indo-Iranian languages, the Romance languages, the Germanic languages (which include English) and the Celtic languages. Similarly, the Semitic languages form a sub-group of the Afro-Asiatic language family, and the Bantu languages form a sub-group of the Niger-Congo language family. Languages of Africa Region Indigenous African languages, families and

49. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #9 (references) DJ, and Sambo, MH (1988) indigenous mathematical algorithms and skills possessed by Tiv and idoma unschooled children Mathematics of the Yoruba people and of http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_09a.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-9 (references) Back to Newsletter 9 References (please note in issue , there is an extensive Bibliography on Astronomy in Africa south of the Sahara Adaaku, J. (1982): The mathematical heritage of the Tiv people, M.Ed. project, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (Nigeria) Akin, F. and Fapenle, I.(1985): Indigenous mathematics: a case study of the Aweri community of Ogun state, Nigeria, B.Sc. project, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (Nigeria) Ale, Sam O. (1989): Mathematics in rural societies, in: C.Keitel, P.Damerow, A.Bishop, P.Gerdes (ed.), Mathematics, Education, and Society, UNESCO, Paris, 1989, 35-38 Anonymous (1987): Traditioneller Wohnungbau in Afrika, IRB Verlag, Stuttgart, 99 p. Anzenge, H.H., Bako, D.W., Ezenduka, P.N., Nyomo, D.J., and Sambo, M.H. (1988): Indigenous mathematical algorithms, B.Ed. project, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (Nigeria) D'Ambrosio, Ubiratan (1985a): Socio-cultural bases for mathematics education, University of Campinas, Campinas (Brazil), 103 p. D'Ambrosio, Ubiratan (1985b): Ethnomathematics and its place in the history of mathematics, in: For the Learning of Mathematics, Montreal, Vol.5, No.1, p.44-48 Armstrong, R.G. (1962): Yoruba numerals, Oxford University Press, Ibadan

50. The Yoruba Today related to Igala, Igbo, Edo, Igbira, idoma and Nupe fourteen years up to 1967, 750,000 people moved to of this expansion is that the indigenous Lagosians form http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/YorubaT/yt1.html

The Yoruba Today J.S. Eades (Originally published by Cambridge University Press 1980) Author's note on the online version In order to make the text of this book available as quickly as possible, the text alone has been scanned in from the original, omitting the diagrams, maps and photographs. It may be possible to add these in a subsequent version. Also left for future versions are italics and the dots under the letters e, o, and s, as described in the note on orthography below. Yoruba specialists will easily be able to supply them, and non-Yoruba specialists will not be particularly worried by their omission.] Preface These latter variables are central to the final chapter which deals with social stratification. Discussions of stratification based on Marxist or Weberian categories and discussions of ethnic identity stemming from the work of Abner Cohen have been pursued largely in isolation from each other. This is a preliminary attempt at a synthesis which I hope to develop in future. Many general surveys of this sort start off as by-products of Ph.D. dissertations: this one is no exception. My fieldwork was financed by a Hayter Studentship from the Department of Education and Science, and by a Smuts Studentship from the University of Cambridge. During the course of my fieldwork I was affiliated to the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, and to the Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan. My thanks are due to all these institutions, together with Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for a period of study-leave during which much of the thesis was written and the present study planned.

51. Fourth Dimension Publishing Company Ltd | What's New unprecedented mushrooming of African indigenous churches, clearly An essential text on idoma cultural studies oppression to prevent the people from reaffirming http://www.fdpbooks.com/whatznew.htm

What's new New Titles Forth Coming Titles Titles Not New but Still Hot Publishing News New Titles Top The Hellion Ezeonu Stella 2002 (N) pp ISBN: 978-156-5012 3LY5012 Our Moment In Time Ezeonu, Ifeoma 2002 (N) pp ISBN: 978-156-5004 3LY5004 The World She Knew Nwoga,Chinyere 2002 (N) 120pp ISBN: 978-156-5136 3LY5136 Black Mustard Seed Aniagolu,E 2002 (S) pp ISBN: 978-156-4873 4LA4873 Prayer of the Powerless: A Poem Egudu, R 2001 (S) 100pp ISBN: 978-156-4865 4LA4865 Where I Was Born Ikeogu,Oke 2001 (N) 92pp ISBN: 978-156-4997 4LA4997 Azuonye, C 2002 (S) pp ISBN: 978-156-4776 4PA4776 Offiong D.A 2002 (S) pp ISBN: 978-156-475X 4PA475X Forth Coming Titles Top Nerrissa 1: The Story of Love Essien E The Nerissa series is about the meaning of love: love that melts two into one and makes them one flesh in harmony and peace. (N) 280pp ISBN: 978-156-4814 4LA4814 Nerrissa II: A Matter of Conscience Essien E The Nerissa series is about the meaning of love: love that melts two into one and makes them one flesh in harmony and peace.

52. The Rosetta Project: The 1000 Language Archive the evolution of a local and indigenous church emerging 1955) in Daryll Forde (ed.), The People of the also relevant to these languages idoma, Nupe, Igbirra http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/addresourceform?ethnocode=IGL&langname

53. Riikka Korpela's Categorized And Commented Nigeria Links idoma People Information and Links by Art and Life in indigenous African Resource Management of a Tropical Rain Yoruba People Information and Links by Art and http://media.urova.fi/~rkorpela/niglink.html

all links updated 13.12.98 This list includes links to websites made by Nigerians, on Nigeria and on Nigerians. I'm collecting this link list mainly because of my own interest. Still I hope it finds some other users too. One target group I hope find this list useful are people like me: those who want to know the country, maybe visit it. Also I hope the Nigerian children and other Nigerians in diaspora could use this to stay in contact with their homeland. As I am studying media studies, I have included some links to pages that have material I don't quite agree with. This is for the purpose to not only know about Nigeria but also to study the image Nigeria has in the net. So please bear in mind that some pages tell more about their author than about their topic. Note that I use the Finnish system in dates: dd.mm.yy. For example 1.3.99 means first of march. Send your suggestions and comments to rkorpela@levi.urova.fi . Thank you for visiting. See also Riikka's home general politics women ... RIIKKA'S TOP TEN GENERAL Nigeria Country Study by the Library of Congress. Large collection of short texts about the country, learn about the history, society, economy or politics for example. Good source to have an overview of the country. Visited 29.1.99.

54. Sheeran Lock: Creative Communications - Past Projects/2003: Celebrate! Nigerian and decorative Anjenu figures of the idoma people of the disciplines taught at the university, many people did not body and wall painting using indigenous dyes http://www.sheeranlock.com/celebrate_texts/celebrate_essays_pcd.htm

PAST PROJECTS: 2003 Go to Past Projects menu page Introduction Press Release Feedback ... Acknowledgements CATALOGUE ESSAYS The Celebrate! Exhibition NIGERIAN ART: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Dr Paul Chike Dike, Director-General of The National Gallery of Art, Nigeria Introduction Similarly the Akwanshi carved monoliths represent a tradition that died out by 1900 and are said to represent the images of the ethnic or village ancestors of the Nta, Nselle and Nnam groups of the Cross River area who own them. In terms of historical dating and chronology, however, it is significant that the story of their origins and date have been lost with time, which in itself provides a clue as to the depth of their antiquity. It is these great cultural and artistic achievements of the Nigerian people that constitute our shared cultural and artistic heritage which flourished long before European incursions. These include great monumental sculptures, paintings, ceramics, pottery, and earthenware, and the making of murals, textiles and clothing, rock paintings, and architectural designs and drawings, which were made in virtually every nook and cranny of the country. Art was an integral part of life in the pre-colonial period and where artists ranked higher than other professional groups.

55. Nig Pol History 774 Official LanguageEnglish Main indigenous Languages Hausa Ijaw, Kanuri, Nupe, Gwari, Igala, Jukun, idoma, Fulani, Edo of over 120 million people, Nigeria is http://www.nigeriahighcommottawa.com/nig_pol_history.htm

NIGERIAN POLITICAL HISTORY NIGERIA Country Profile , The Land and People Fact File Area: 923,766 sq.km. Population: 130 million (estimate) Capital: Abuja Government: Three-tier structure: Federal Government State Government - 36 Local Government Administrations - 774 Official Language: English Main Indigenous Languages: Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba Main Religions: Christianity, Islam, Traditional Main Commercial/Industrial Cities: Lagos, Onitsha, Kano, Ibadan, Port Harcourt, Aba, Maiduguri, Jos, Kaduna, Warri, Benin,Nnewi Major Industrial Complexes: Refineries and Petro-Chemicals: Kaduna, Warri, Port Harcourt, Eleme. Iron and Steel: Ajaokuta, Warri, Oshogbo, Katsina, Jos. Fertilizer: Onne- Port Harcourt, Kaduna, Minna, Kano Liquified Natural Gas : Bonny Aluminium Smelter: Ikot Abasi, Port Harcourt Main Ports: Lagos (Apapa, Tin-can Island), Warri, Port Harcourt, Onne Deep Sea and Hub Port, Calabar (EPZ)

56. Embassy Of Nigeria, Hungary Itshekiris, Nupe, Tiv, Jukun, Egbira, idoma, Angas, Biron fishing/hunting and skilled indigenous crafts represent the is the convergence of people belonging to http://www.nigerianembassy.hu/facts.html

FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Government Travel Tips The Nigerian People History of Nigeria ... Nigerian Words and Phrases Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Form of state: Federal republic, comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory ( FCT, -Abuja) Legal system: Based on English common law National legislature: National assembly made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives Nature of Government: Presidential Head of state: President Olusegun Aremu Obasonjo State government: Elected State Governors and House of Assembly Main poli- party: Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), All Peoples Party (APP), Alliance for Democracy (AD) FEDERAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEMBERS Prof. Tunde Adeniran Minister of Education Alh. L. Batagarawa Minister of State, Education Dr. Segun Agagu Minister of Aviation Alhaji Mohammed Arzika Minister of Communications Ibrahim Bunu Minister of Federal Capital Territory Mr. Solomon Ewugu Minister of State, Federal Capital Territory Engr. Mustapha Bello Minister of Commerce Damasi Sango Minister of Sports and Social Devt.

57. Language Explanations and Senegal and spoken widely throughout Western africa . look up more info on.. . Maori, New Zealand Maori is the language of the indigenous people of New http://kenax.hypermart.net/kenax/language_explanations.htm

This site gives a brief description with links of the more than 180 languages provided by KENAX Translating . Note that some of these explanation are unedited and contributed by translators. (This site is still being worked on.) Afghani The language spoken in Afghanistan Afrikaans Similar to Flemish, which is 40% Dutch, 40% German and 20% everything possible. Spoken in South Africa Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sesotho (the Sesotho name for Southern Sotho), Setswana (the Setswana name for Tswana), Swazi (also known as Siswati), Tsonga (also known as Xitsonga), Venda (also isiVenda), Xhosa (also isiXhosa) and Zulu (also isiZulu) are 10 of the official languages of South Africa (the last and eleventh being English). All these languages are therefore predominantly spoken in South Africa. Akkadian Akkadian is one of the great cultural languages of world history. Akkadian (or Babylonian-Assyrian) is the collective name for the spoken languages of the culture in the three millennia BCE in Mesopotamia, the area between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, approx. covering modern Irak. The name Akkadian so called in ancient time is derived from the city-state of Akkad, founded in the middle of the third millennium BCE and capital of one of the first great empires after the dawn of human history. Albanian The Albanian language is a branch of the Indo-European family tree, and consists of only one language, which is the official language of

58. Consulate General Of Nigeria Main indigenous Languages Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba. Ijaw, Kanuri, Nupe, Gwari, Igala, Jukun, idoma, Fulani, Edo a population of over 120 million people, Nigeria is http://www.nigeria-consulate-ny.org/This is Nigeria_files/this_is_nigeria.htm

Home Contact Staff NIGERIA Country Profile, The Land and People Fact File Area: 923,766 sq.km. Population: 120 million (estimate) Capital: Abuja Government: Three-tier structure: Federal Government State Government - 36 Local Government - 774 Administrations Official Language: English Main Indigenous Languages: Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba Main Religions: Christianity, Islam, Traditional Main Commercial/Industrial Cities: Lagos, Onitsha, Kano, Ibadan, Port Harcourt, Aba, Maiduguri, Jos, Kaduna, Warri, Benin,Nnewi Major Industrial Complexes: Refineries and Petro-Chemicals: Kaduna, Warri, Port Harcourt, Eleme. Iron and Steel: Ajaokuta, Warri, Oshogbo, Katsina, Jos. Fertilizer: Onne- Port Harcourt, Kaduna, Minna, Kano Liquified Natural Gas : Bonny Aluminium Smelter: Ikot Abasi, Port Harcourt Main Ports: Lagos (Apapa, Tin-can Island), Warri, Port Harcourt, Onne Deep Sea and Hub Port, Calabar (EPZ)

59. Art Africain Info The ndako gboya appears to be indigenous; a spirit that better known traditions include the Igala, idoma, Afo, Tiv during the 7th century by people related to http://artafricain.ifrance.com/artafricain/art-africain-info.htm

Start Statues masques africains Objects ... sculptures info [ Art Africain Info ] News Formulaire Tuyaux d'achats Fon iron image of Gun, the god of iron and war, Dahomey. Museum Pottery head found at Sokoto, Nigeria. Height 45cm Bambara dance wood headdress in the form of an antelope African arts West Africa Scholars divide the visual arts of West Africa into three broad areas: the western Sudan, the Guinea Coast, and Nigeria. This is done partly to enable the outsider to comprehend the diversity of styles and traditions within the region, while recognizing that there are themes common to all of the areas. Western Sudan This is the name conventionally given to the savanna region of West Africa. It is an area dominated by Islamic states situated at the southern ends of the trans-Saharan trade routes. The sculpture here is characterized by schematic styles of representation. Some commentators have interpreted these styles as an accommodation to the Islamic domination of the area, but this is probably not an adequate explanation since Islam in West Africa has either merely tolerated or actually destroyed such traditions while exerting other influences. Among the better-known sculptural traditions of the western Sudan are those of the following peoples.

60. THESIS - Chapter I Introduction of interest and pride in African indigenous institutions that in the north by the Igalla, idoma and Ogoja area had long been populated by people whose main http://www.ub.uib.no/elpub/1996/h/506001/korieh/chima-Chapter.html

Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background and Objectives 1.2 Theories and Methodology of African Women's history. 1.3 The Setting. 1.3.1 The Igbo- General background: ... 1.5.4 Previous Research 1.1 Background and Objectives The study of women as a vital and autonomous social force, as well as the treatment of their weal and woes as an intrinsic part of overall social dynamics, is a child of very recent birth indeed (Afigbo 1989:7). M. I. Finley (1968:129) drew in the, 'The Silent Women of Rome ', attention to the fact that The Roman World was not the only one in history in which women remained in the background in politics and business'. The women of mid-Victorian England were equally without rights, equally victims of double standards of sexual morality. Equally, they were exposed to risk and ruin when they stepped outside the home and the church. C. Obbo (1980:1) referred to the invisibility of African women in any serious study of history and society; in spite of the fact that anthropology has not been an exclusive male preserve. If the state of African women's studies is as bad as these and other authorities suggest, it is not surprising that even now when the world appears to be waking to its responsibility in this regard, there are still segments of the field which continue to be in a state of some neglect. While topics such as marriage and family, the economic role and political rights of women have received a fair measure of attention, a subject like widowhood practices remains largely neglected. Many of such books have no entry whatever under the term 'widowhood' in their indexes. For the most part what passing references made to the institution are made under such subjects as 'burial' or 'funeral rites' and 'death'.

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