61. Visit The World Of Chevron mangroves in 46 countries, and indigenous communities in Ijaw youths and peoples will promote the principle of Ilaje, Urhobo, Isoko, Edo, ibibio, Ogoni, Ekpeye http://www.moles.org/ProjectUnderground/reports/chevworld2.html

supporting the human rights of communities resisting mining and oil exploitation Visit the World of Chevron Niger Delta, 1999 YOU KNOW THE QUESTION At a rate of over 400,000 barrels per year In the 1990s, as organized protest mass discontent , and resistance movements have emerged and grown in the oil-rich Delta region of Nigeria, the choice between listening to communities and supporting the guns that silence them has grown clearer. The nonviolent campaign of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), led by Ken Saro-Wiwa, forced oil giant Shell from the Ogoni homeland. The Nigerian government crackdown that followed, including the military occupation of Ogoni, challenge the multinational oil companies , including Shell, Mobil and Chevron Groups such as the Ijaw Youth Congress, Niger Delta Women for Justice , and the pan-Delta nonviolent resistance group Chicoco Oronto Douglas, Environmental lawyer with Environmental Rights Action Speaking at the announcement of Operation Climate Change: A program of demonstrations, dances, prayers and civil disobedience to end gas flaring in Ijawland

62. Africa Forum - Forum Afrique - African Forum - Job Forum - Romance you ever heard of the language called ibibio or efik comes in when you take a people that are is why maintaining the possitive aspects of indigenous culture is http://www.africaforum.com/showthread.php3?threadid=879

63. Bible Network News :: Africa - Five Hundred Killed In Muslim-Christian Clashes Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5 Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 populated by the Christian Taroh people have been http://www.biblenetworknews.com/africa/082002_nigeria.html

Home Africa MiddleEast North America ... South America Search our news site: Canadian Bible Society Five Hundred killed in Muslim-Christian clashes Canadian Bible Society Prominent Christian leaders were among those killed in the tragedy. They are Vincent Lar, a community leader in Wase, the Hon. Gabriel Kumdum, a prominent political leader in the area, and Mr. Tsaih Bakinrijia, a former police chief. Solomon Lar, former governor of Plateau state, told Compass in Jos that the three men, as well as other Christians, were attacked and killed in their homes. More than 10 Christian communities were ravaged and destroyed in the conflict, including Magon wada, Salwe, Lamba, Gbewa kogi, Nasarawa, Bakinrijia and Chakwai. Mr. Lar, who currently serves as Advisor Emeritus to Nigeria's president Olusegun Obasanjo, said that more than 10,000 Christians have been displaced in these villages and are now living as refugees. Religious conflict has led to the complete destruction of church buildings and worship centers in the town of Wase. Fact Box: Nigeria Population: 126,635,626 (July 2001 est.)

64. Map & Graph: Countries By People: Ethnic Groups Map Graph People Ethnic groups by country. Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% (no indigenous population (2001 http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #28 Most Zambians don't live to see their 40th birthday Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups (note) Net migration rate Nationality (adjective) Persons per room ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century)

65. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents The Yoruba people are predominant in the southwest. group in the southeast, with the Efik, ibibio, and Ijaw Religions Muslim, Christian, indigenous African. http://www.traveldocs.com/ng/people.htm

Nigeria Africa PEOPLE The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately one-quarter of West Africa's people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 250 ethnic groups gives the country a rich diversity. The dominant ethnic group in the northern two-thirds of the country is the Hausa-Fulani, most of whom are Muslim. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the Nupe, Tiv, and Kanuri. The Yoruba people are predominant in the southwest. About half of the Yorubas are Christian and half Muslim. The predominantly Catholic Igbo are the largest ethnic group in the southeast, with the Efik, Ibibio, and Ijaw (the country's fourth-largest ethnic group) comprising a substantial segment of the population in that area. Persons of different language backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used Nigerian languages. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveNigerian(s).

66. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate is widely spoken, especially among educated people. languages include Fulfulde, Kanuri, ibibio, Tiv, Efik, Edo Islam, Christianity, and indigenous religions are http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/5.shtml

FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources The People ... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population:57.1%

67. Nigeria/People - Encyclopedia Article About Nigeria/People. Free Access, No Regi Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%. indigenous beliefs 6%; Nonreligious/Other 0.4% (Mostly urban language by about 24 million people, and as http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Nigeria/People

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Nigeria/People Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition The most populous country in Africa Africa is the world's second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. At c. 30,244,050 km (11,677,240 mi ) including the islands, it covers 20.3% of the total land area on Earth, and with over 800 million human inhabitants it accounts for around one seventh of Earth's human population. The ancient Romans used the name Africa terra Afer may be the Phoenician `afar , dust; the Afridi tribe, who dwelt in Northern Africa around the area of Carthage; Greek aphrike , without cold; or Latin aprica , sunny. Click the link for more information. Nigeria Nigeria is a country in West Africa. It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south. Major cities include the capital Abuja, Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Port Harcourt. Federal Republic of Nigeria (In Detail) (Full size) National motto: Peace and Unity, Strength and Progress Click the link for more information.

68. Nigeria Population rate 5.06% (1999 est.) HIV/AIDS people living with HIV 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.nationbynation.com/Nigeria/Population.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY ... NIGERIA Nigeria has 250 to 400 or more recognized groups, many divided into subgroups of considerable social and political importance. Most important ethnolinguistic categories: Hausa and Fulani in north, Yoruba in southwest, and Igbo in southeast, all internally subdivided. Next major groups: Kanuri, Ibibio, Tiv, and Ijaw. The number of languages in Nigeria is estimated at 350 to 400, many with dialects. Most important: Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo. Hausa major language in north. English official language used in government, large-scale business, mass media, and education beyond primary school. POPULATION GRAPH Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 28,503,211; female 28,156,976)

69. Nigeria race Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, ibibio, Tiv, Ijaw. Religions Islam 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous 10 have been unpopular with its own people, who feel http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107847.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Father's Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Nigeria Infoplease Atlas: Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria President: Olusegun Obasanjo (1999) Area: 356,667 sq mi (923,768 sq km) Population (2004 est.): 137,253,133 (growth rate: 2.5%); birth rate: 38.2/1000; infant mortality rate: 70.5/1000; density per sq mi: 385 Capital (2003 est.): Abuja, 590,400 (metro. area), 165,700 (city proper) Largest cities: Lagos (2003 est.), 9,529,700 (metro. area), 8,349,700 (city proper); Kano, 3,329,900; Ibadan, 3,139,500; Kaduna, 1,510,300 Monetary unit: Naira Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, and more than 200 others Ethnicity/race: Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Ibibio, Tiv, Ijaw Religions: Islam 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous 10% Literacy rate: 68% (2003 est.)

70. Arewa-online YORUBA. The Yoruba people live mostly in the Southwestern states. Yoruba Info Art Life in africa. IFA The indigenous Faith of africa. http://www.arewa-online.com/culture.html

INVESTMENT NIGERIA GOVERNMENT STATES ... CULTURE CULTURE Travelling to Nigeria Hotels In Nigeria Travelling in Nigeria Map Of Nigeria ... Local (Other) Chambers of Commerce NCBTC took part in Trade Mission to Africa. ..read more Traditional music director e-Government - What is it? FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND NIGERIA CATEGORIES The Yorubas The Hausas The Igbos The Urhobos ... The President History (Sites open in a separate window) History Military Economy Niger Coast Protectorate ... Photo Archive RELIGION To most Nigerians, religion and faith are important aspects of everyday life. It controls the laws, how you think and act, what you believe, what you value, and more. The religions in Nigeria are roughly 36% Christian, 56% Muslim, and about 8% 'everything else', including traditional religions and beliefs. TRADITIONAL There are a number of different traditional religions available. They usually are specific to the different ethnic groups, and the deities are usually the gods and goddesses that the ethnic group believes in, and each ethnic group had a shrine dedicated to the deities that it believed in. The deities ranged from those who created the earth, to those who offer divine protection and/or blessings to it's worshippers, to those who had control over certain aspects of the world (like weather or war), to spirits that can be somewhat controlled by human beings. Most of these religions did not have written documentation of their beliefs and practices, but they did rely on a priest to teach them and to intervene on their behalf, and the priests were usually very highly trained for this, to the extent of being raised for this task sometimes.

71. MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Nigeria members each, including the Kanuri, Tiv, and ibibio. and villages, others occupy several larger indigenous cities. Many people of nonHausa origin have become http://encarta.msn.com/text_761557915___116/Nigeria.html

Print Preview Nigeria Article View On the File menu, click Print to print the information. Nigeria III. The People of Nigeria Nigeria has not held a census since 1991. In 2004 Nigeria’s estimated population was 137,253,133, yielding an average density of 151 persons per sq km (390 per sq mi). With a birth rate of 38.2 per 1,000 and a death rate of 14 per 1,000, Nigeria’s population is growing at an average of 2 percent annually—a rapid pace, and little changed from the 1970s. The average Nigerian woman gives birth 5 times in her lifetime, although among more educated women the rate is somewhat lower. Nearly half of Nigerians are younger than 15 years. By 2025 the population is projected to grow to 206 million. The highest population densities are in the Igbo heartland in southeastern Nigeria, despite poor soils and heavy emigration. The intensively farmed zones around and including several major Hausa cities—especially Kano, Sokoto, and Zaria in the north—are also packed with people. Other areas of high density include Yorubaland in the southwest, the central Jos Plateau, and the Tiv homeland in Benue State in the south central region. Densities are relatively low in the dry northeast and in most parts of the middle belt. Ecological factors, including the prevalence of diseases such as sleeping sickness, carried by the tsetse fly, and historical factors, especially the legacy of precolonial slave raiding, help explain these low densities. A.

72. Slavery In America Buckra, comes from mbakara, the Efik/ibibio word for means red or pink, and white people are described of authority and simply used their indigenous word for http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_languages.htm

Essays Lesson Plans Image Gallery Encyclopedia ... Home The Impact of African Languages on American English Joseph E. Holloway, Ph.D. California State University Northridge Most Americans are not aware that many of the words they speak and write every day are derived from African words. Who would have thought that the word " doggies " in the cowboy lyric " ... get along little doggies, for Wyoming shall be your new home," stems from the African word kidogo , which means "a little something," or "something small." How did this African word become part of the American language? Part of the explanation is that one in every five American cowboys was black in the 1880s, and much of what we think of as "cowboy culture" is rooted in African cattle herding. For example, some historians believe that the trail-driving practices of American cowboys (such as the open grazing of cattle) were based on the ways Fulani cattle herders in Western Africa had tended their animals for centuries. So, we should not be surprised to find African words as part of our cowboy culture. The word bronco (probably of Efik/Ibibio and Spanish origins) was used by the Spanish and by enslaved Africans to indicate the horses rode in herding cattle.

73. Phrasebase™ - NIGERIA Facts And Information, NIGERIA Statistics, NIGERIA Facts, Net Migration Rate 0.27 migrants per 1k people. Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%. Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.phrasebase.com/countries/index.php?&cat=85&newpage=People

74. NigeriaReisen Products And Edo, Efik, Englisch (U.K.), Fulani, Hausa, Ibibio, Ib People. Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%. ReligionsMuslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%. http://www.worldlanguage.com/German/Countries/Nigeria.htm

Diese Seite auf If you can't find it here, you can't find it anywhere! Heime Hilfe Kontakt Datenschutz ... Zum Ausgang Super Bargains Academic Computers / Notebooks Englisch als Zweitsprache Filme/Videos Gift Items! Karaoke Keyboard Stickers Kids Lernen Microsoft Office Microsoft Windows PDA Wörterbuch Rechtschreibprüfung Software - Windows Software - Mac Spiele Tastaturen Wörterbücher Übersetzung Mehr... Nigeria Senden Sie diese Seite an einen Freund! Produkte Ein Produkt spezifisch für Nigeria ist in einer Kategorie verfügbar. Reisen Sprachen 14 Sprachen werden in Nigeria gesprochen. Wir haben 170 Produkte zur Verfügung für 13 dieser Sprachen. Edo Efik Englisch (U.K.) Fulani ... Yoruba Hauptstadt: Abuja Bevölkerung: Abspielen der Nationalhymne Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 923,770 sq km land: 910,770 sq km water : 13,000 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total: 4,047 km

75. Nigeria. The World Factbook. 2003 HIV/AIDS—people living with HIV/AIDS 3.5 million Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, ibibio 3.5%, Tiv Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.bartleby.com/151/ni.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference World Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT ... MAP INDEX The World Factbook. Nigeria Background Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Despite some irregularities the April 2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's history.

76. African Art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 of the people’s sedentary lifestyles) in indigenous art. 3. The Bambara people of W Mali are famous for their 8. The Igbo, ibibio, Ekoi, and Ijaw of SE Nigeria http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africana.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African art art created by the peoples south of the Sahara.

77. IIZ/DVV - Publications - The Language Of Literacy project recorded considerable success as more people turned up smaller languages such as Efik, ibibio, Jukun, Fulfude the development of the indigenous languages http://www.iiz-dvv.de/englisch/Publikationen/Ewb_ausgaben/55_2001/eng_Omolewa.ht

Home back Michael Omolewa Michael Omolewa The Language of Literacy No one should seek to impose a language on the people. The colonial administrations all over the world unsuccessfully attempted to replace the language of the conquered with that of the conquerors. In the end, diversity, and respect for the cultures and traditions of the people triumphed. The people’s identity through language was established. The identity of the people, demonstrated through the language in which they dream, enhances the quality of learning. The culture of the people is best displayed by language. Language is the reflection of the way people view objects, beliefs and practices. In this contribution we are encouraged to enjoy differences and allow the cultures of the poor and the voiceless to prevail in the promotion of literacy. For the African, the preservation of the indigenous languages is perceived as critical to growth and development. Most Africans believe that the gift of languages is Divine and that the Giver must be respected by their careful preservation and use. Attention is drawn to most European countries that have only one national language. In many African countries, by contrast, there are as many as a hundred languages, and as we have already noted, Nigeria has over four hundred languages. Most of the language groups in Nigeria are working tenaciously towards the increased use of the languages both as the spoken and written medium of expression. In Nigeria there are over two hundred minority languages where an intense struggle is on to ensure their survival, sustainability and recognition.

78. GUOSA AFRICAN CULTURAL CENTER with the wide marginal differences in terms of her people, her customs Guosa Language was evolved as a medium of common indigenous socially interwoven ibibio 51 http://www.dawodu.net/guosa1.htm

GUOSA AFRICAN CULTURAL CENTER, Richmond, C PROUDLY PRESENTS: The Guosa Language: (A Pan Nigerian and West African Sub-Regional Language) By: Alex G. Igbineweka guosalanguage2@aol.com OR guosa_language02@yahoo.com The Guosa African Cultural Center is a diverse multi-cultural center located temporarily on 647 16th Street, Unit ‘A’, Richmond, California 94801. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of the Guosa Language African Cultural Center is to acquaint Western Civilization and the Asians world with the Guosa Language. A Pan Nigerian and West African Sub-Regional Language , Guosa is one of the world’s oldest language/cultural groups. Resulting from the ever transforming Nigerian, West African Sub-Regional languages. Guosa is influencing the cultures and nations of West Africa as the sub regional countries rise to meet the challenging socio-political global civilization. The Edo language is one of the States capital’s central languages spoken by the Edo people of Edo State in Nigeria. The language dates back to the pre-historic existence of the old Benin Kingdom which swept across the coastal territories of West Africa between the 12 th Century B.C. and 1950s AD

79. Vitalog.com - Search By Location Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Ijaw, Kanuri, ibibio, Tiv Religion Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 search people who Born Died Burial. http://www.vitalog.com/cgi-bin/exploring/country.cgi?cod=1179&ctype=birth&sort=n

80. Dundee City Council, McManus Galleries: Slessor And Calabar Collection by integrating culturally with the indigenous people, occupying traditional integration with the local people led to territory of the ibibio people, where Mary http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/57/1043.htm

Slessor and Calabar Collection IDENTITY STATEMENT Reference code(s) : GB 0614 Slessor and Calabar Collection Held at Dundee City Council, McManus Galleries Domain : archival Title: Slessor and Calabar Collection Date(s) of contents Level of description : Fonds Extent and medium : 24 manuscript items and books, 18 photographs, 13 artefacts. CONTEXT Name of creator(s) Partridge, Charles Stanley (1872-1955) Slessor, Mary Mitchell (1848-1915) Administrative/Biographical history : Mary Slessor was born on 2nd December 1848 in Gilcomston, a suburb of Aberdeen, the second of seven children, only four of whom survived childhood. Her father, Robert Slessor, originally from Buchan, was a shoemaker to trade. Her mother, from Oldmeldrum, was a devout woman who had a keen interest in missionary work in the Calabar region of Nigeria. Alcoholism forced Robert Slessor to give up shoemaking and take work as a mill labourer. Mary Slessor followed suit by becoming an employeed as a jute worker at Baxter Brothers' Mill, where she was able to take advantage of a school provided by the mill owners; this arduous routine engendered the work ethic which was to dominate her life. As a teenager Slessor came under the influence of a local mission, where she subsequently taught other children. Influenced by her mother's interest in Calabar, and inspired by accounts of missionary endeavours such as those of David Livingstone, Slessor herself applied to become a teacher for the Foreign Mission Board of the United Presyterian Church of Scotland. After training in Edinburgh Slessor set sail for Africa, arriving in Calabar at the end of 1876.

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