21. Mezhirich - Mammoth Camp a hut Photo J. Jelinek, The Evolution of Man . Mezhirich reconstruction Dwelling1 front This reconstruction is in the Kiev Museum of paleontology Photo O http://www.hominids.com/donsmaps/mammothcamp.html

Search Don's Maps Back to Don's Maps Mezhirich - Mammoth Camp Painting in red on the front of mammoth skull found at the entrance to one of the huts at the mammoth hunter's settlement at Mezhirich in the former Soviet Union. It is thought that the red design may represent the flames and sparks of a fire. Photo: K. Sklenar, 'Hunters of the Stone Age' Inside the Mezherich building, there were some remarkable finds: amber ornaments and fossil shells, transported an estimated 350 to 500 kilometres from their source, and the remains of one of the earliest percussion instruments ever found. The "drum" consisted of a mammoth skull set at the entrance porch and painted with a pattern of red ocher dots and lines. The top of this skull bears depressions where it seems to have been beaten by "drumsticks," the animal long bones that were found to bear corresponding damage on their ends. It is possible that the building may have served some ritual or communal function at which the mammoth bone rhythms were beaten out, although many Ukrainian huts of a similar size seem to have been ordinary living places. Text above: 'Secrets of the Ice Age' by E. Hadingham

22. Fossil Hominids: Frequently Asked Questions a way that would eventually lead to humanity (and many other nowextinct hominids). takeit to a major museum, or a university geology/paleontology department. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/faqs.html

Fossil Hominids: Frequently Asked Questions Why have you written these pages? Why bother refuting creationist arguments about human evolution? If we evolved from apes, why are there still apes today? What are your qualifications? ... Technical details Why have you written these pages? In mid-1994, I realized that despite fairly wide popular interest in human origins, the talk.origins archive contained almost no information on the topic. The archive also lacked responses to creationist arguments about human evolution, a serious omission considering the importance of human evolution in the creationism/evolution debate. Although there are quite a few books on human evolution written for the general public, these generally mention only a few of the major fossils, scattered throughout the book and often incompletely described. I felt there was a need for a concise list of the most important hominid fossils. Compiling such a list was harder than it sounds. Although there were many popular books on human evolution, none of them contained details of most of the important fossils, so it was necessary to use many sources. (The new book From Lucy to language (Johanson and Edgar, 1996) largely solves this problem, and also contains a gallery of superb photos of many important fossils.)

23. »ç¾÷°èȹ_º¥Ä¡¸¶à · ´ëÇеéÀÇ ±³°ú¸ñ ºÐ¼® of Mammals, Seminar in Evolution above the Species Level, Modeling Ecologicaland Meterological Phenomena, Fossil hominids, paleontology and Evolution of http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~bklife/lifescience/project/plan/marking_uni.html

UC Berkeley Caltech Harvard MIT ... Stanford University of California at Berkeley I. °³¿ä UC BerkeleyÀÇ »ý¹°ÇкÎ(Division of Biological Sciences)´Â College of Letters¶ó´Â, ¿ì¸®·Î ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¹®¸®´ë¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ´ëÇп¡ 6°³ ÇкÎ(division) °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. »ý¹°ÇкÎ(Division of Biological Sciences)¿¡´Â 112¸íÀÇ ÀüÀÓ±³¼ö°¡ ÀÖ°í, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology¿Í Department of Integrative Biology µî, µÎ °ú·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology´Â »ý¸íÇö»óÀÇ ºÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±âÀÛ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ¸ç, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ subdivisionÀ¸·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁø´Ù: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, Immunology, Neurobiology. Department of Integrative Biology´Â macro-biology¸¦ ÁöÇâÇϸç, organismal, ecological and evolutionary biology¸¦ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¢µµ¿¡¼­ Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù. II. ÇкΠ±³°ú¸ñ (1) Á¹¾÷ À̼öÇÐÁ¡: 120 ÇÐÁ¡(Unit), ´ë·« 15ÇÐÁ¡/Çбâ (2) Ö¼Ò 60 ÇÐÁ¡Àº µ¿´ëÇÐ °ú¸ñ (courses offered by an approved major program in the College). (3) Ö¼Ò 36 ÇÐÁ¡Àº Àü°ø division¿¡¼­ ëµæ (4) Ö¼Ò 6 ÇÐÁ¡Àº à ¸ Àü°ø division¿¡¼­ ëµæ (1) ÁÖ¸³´ë Çʼö°ú¸ñ(University of California Requirement) - ¿µ¾î´É·Â½Çè(Subject A) - ¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç(American History and Institutions) (2) Berkeley Campus Çʼö°ú¸ñ(Berkeley Campus requirement) - ¹Ì±¹ ¹®È­(American Culture classes) (3) ´Ü°ú´ëÇÐ Çʼö°ú¸ñ(College and School Requirements) - ¼ö¸®ºÐ¼®(The Quantitative Reasoning (QR) Requirement) - ¿Ü±¹¾î(The Foreign Language (FL) Requirement) 3. Àü°ø: Department of Integrative Biology

24. Paleontology : Ipsilateral Vs. Contralateral Bipedalism We can probably conclude that for these hominids, standing on two feet was anadventurous task, and walking a certain distance a very elaborated process. http://www.neurokinesiology.org/Paleontology/ipsilateral_vs_contralateral_bipeda

window.name="NeuroKinesiology" Neurokinesiology A new path to human health Home Site Map Contact C. IPSILATERAL BIPEDALISM VS. CONTRALATERAL BIPEDALISM The human-like footprints discovered at the Laetoli site in Tanzania have led some to the conclusion that pre-humans must have already been full bipeds 3 to 3.5 million years ago. The nature of the distal end of the humerus and of the knee joint of Australopithecines, however, have directed others to a revised interpretation, namely that the bipedalism of the latter was significantly different from that of Modern Man. This point of view is shared by Stern and Susman who consider the Australopithecines as primarily arboreal creatures with a certain tendency to terrestrial life. The Australopithecus afarensis also falls into this category. Many researchers, such as Senut and Tardieu, draw our attention to the fact that it is likely that among the Australopithecines, there were more highly developed ones whose bipedalism was more engaged in the direction of the genus Homo than others. They demonstrated that one group of Australopithecines, the more terrestrial or bipedal one, presented a laxity of the elbow and a stability of the knee joint.

25. Paleontology : The Australopithecus Afarensis A. THE AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS. Among the earliest hominids, Lucy , anAustralopithecus afarensis (AL 2881), has been the most publicized. http://www.neurokinesiology.org/Paleontology/Australopithecus_afarensis.html

window.name="NeuroKinesiology" Neurokinesiology A new path to human health Home Site Map Contact A. THE AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS Among the earliest hominids, "Lucy", an Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1), has been the most publicized. This is primarily so because Lucy, who was discovered in East Africa, dates back 3 million years. Also of importance is the unprecedented finding of a relatively large number of post-cranial bones at the site of the discovery. The discovery of Australopithecus afarensis remains has given us critical information on the anatomy of early hominids and provided us with a basis for comparison with Modern Man. Some controversy, however, has arisen concerning these comparisons and their meaning. The hip joint and the pelvis of the Australopithecus afarensis , for instance, have been at the center of discussions regarding the mechanical advantages and disadvantages of the size of the pelvis and femoral head in the context of bipedalism At the present time, we will only present one particular aspect of the hip joint, the neck-shaft angle (see Figure 2-1 ). The hip of the

26. Athena Review Recent Finds In Archaeology Paleoanthropology And Evidence of Cannibalism at preAcheulan sites in Spain, 780,000 BP (AR 1,1).Transitional hominids in Rift Valley paleontology; animals and plants http://www.athenapub.com/paleoant.htm

free issue back issues subscribe Paleoanthropology News Athena Review Paleoanthropology Primates: Asian Anthropoids: Eosimias (40-45 mya) found along China's Yellow River ( AR jaw fragments of a tiny ancestor ( AR Asian Roots for Anthropoids AR Kenyapithecus (15 mya), a Miocene ape, reclassed as Equatorius AR Dryopithecus: controversy continues ( AR Newest New World Monkeys: Two tiny marmosets discovered in Brazil ( AR Ape communication by singing ( AR Evolutionary theories: New genetic model for human evolution: out of Africa at least 3 times AR Molecular Clockwork AR AR Hunting for chromosomal Adam ( AR Chinese Australopithecus ? Alternative theories of regional evolution ( AR The creation of Piltdown Man ; views on the hoax's perpetrators ( AR Paleo-hoax unmasked in Japan AR New World Migrations: Kennewick Man Facial reconstruction and ongoing controversy ( AR 1999 testing ( AR Kennewick Man dates of 9,200 confirmed AR back in court AR tribes, govt. contest ruling AR Spirit Cave : a Nevada burial of 9415 BP ( AR Lineage "X" for New World populations AR Canadian Iceman shows mid-15th c. AD radiocarbon dating, and perhaps Northwest Coast ties (

27. PALEONTOLOGY EXHIBITION DISPLAY GUIDE FOR THE paleontology EXHIBITION. Laetoli foot prints. Through thisdesolated grey landscape, traveled three hominids walking on two legs. http://www2.natmus.cul.na/SAMP/arusha/GUIDE.html

DISPLAY GUIDE FOR THE PALEONTOLOGY EXHIBITION Laetoli foot prints 3,500,000 years ago, our very remote ancient ancestors walked through a landscape very like that which we see today. On one particular day the volcano Sadiman puffed out a lot of gray ash, which blanketed part of plains. A rain shower dampened and settled the ashes, so that the local animals left their crisp, clear tracks when they walked Through this desolated grey landscape, traveled three hominids walking on two legs. A large, medium sized and small individual walked together. A day or two letter, a fresh ash fall buried the tracks, until they were excavated in 1978. It is tempting to wonder why these ape-like small brained creatures (400 cc) walked upright Ramapithecine Ramapithcines are an extinct group of apes that lived in the Miocene period, from 14 to 8 million years ago. The remain have been found in various part of the world including East Africa, Asia and Europe. In order to find out how closely the ramapithecines are related to us, their jaws have been compared with our own, and with those of our closest relatives, the chimpanzee and gorillas. The shape of their jaw suggests that, like us, the ramapithecus had short muzzles (flat face) and their teeth seem more like ours too. On this evidence it may be argued that the ramapithecines are probably more closely related to us than chimpanzee and gorilla. The australopithecine Both types of australopithecine had short muzzles, and their teeth have certain characteristics in common with our own. All the australopithecine seems to have walked upright on two legs as we do.

28. Science -- Science Collections: Paleontology paleontology Debating Extinction Timothy F. Flannery Science 283 182183. SummaryFull text. This Week in Science Endocranial Capacity of Early hominids http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/paleo?page=37

29. Fossil Hominids Mammoths, Sabertooths, and hominids Jordi Agusti, Mauricio Anton Mammals, Fossil Europe paleontology Tertiary Animals, Fossil Vertebrate paleontology http://topics.practical.org/browse/Fossil_hominids

topics.practical.org Fossil hominids Jeffrey H. Schwartz Ian Tattersall Fossil hominids Paleobiology (General) ... History - Other

30. Paleontology Fossil hominids Paleobiology (General) Human Evolution Archaeology / Anthropology Science Earth Sciences General Fossils paleontology http://topics.practical.org/browse/Paleontology

topics.practical.org Paleontology The Fossil Record 2 M.J. Benton M. A. Whyte Fossils ... Social Science

31. Essays On Genetics & Paleontology - 194-010 Essays On Genetics paleontology Page 11 of 14. The Phylogenetic Relationships ofAfrican hominids The Cladistic Verses the Molecular Data Approach send me http://www.essayfind.com/categories/194-010.html

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32. Essay Papers - Genetics & Paleontology - 194-009 Papers On Genetics paleontology Page 10 of 12. The Phylogenetic Relationships ofAfrican hominids The Cladistic Verses the Molecular Data Approach send me http://www.fastestessays.com/categories/194-009.html

Essays are delivered via YOUR choice of e-mail, fax, or Fedex! FREE excerpts are available upon request ...from ANY of our essays! ESSAYS - LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ... Select any essay below and it WILL be delivered to you TODAY via your choice of e-mail or fax! Only $ /pg! The bibliography page(s) are always FREE! Page 10 of 12 [Previous] [Next] The Lazarus Effect and the ‘Feathers’ of the Longisquama send me this essay This 3 page paper is written in two parts, answering several questions; which of the three commonly accepted explanations is most likely to explain the Lazarus effect, what value or information the Lazarus effect provides when studying the fossil record and what is meant by refugia. The second part of the paper looks at the appendages of Longisquama considers if these are mostly likely to be feathers or scales, the role they may have had and whether it was likely to be the ancestor of bird life.The bibliography cites 7 sources. Filename: TElazaru.rtf

33. DISPLAY GUIDE FOR THE PALEONTOLOGY EXHIBITION DISPLAY GUIDE FOR THE paleontology EXHIBITION Evoltion of man. Through thisdesolated grey landscape, traveled three hominids walking on two legs. http://www.habari.co.tz/museum/evolution.htm

DISPLAY GUIDE FOR THE PALEONTOLOGY EXHIBITION Evoltion of man Laetoli foot prints 3,500,000 years ago, our very remote ancient ancestors walked through a landscape very like that which we see today. On one particular day the volcano Sadiman puffed out a lot of gray ash, which blanketed part of plains. A rain shower dampened and settled the ashes, so that the local animals left their crisp, clear tracks when they walked Through this desolated grey landscape, traveled three hominids walking on two legs. A large, medium sized and small individual walked together. A day or two letter, a fresh ash fall buried the tracks, until they were excavated in 1978. It is tempting to wonder why these ape like small brained creatures (400 cc) walked upright Ramapithecine Ramapithcines are an extinct group of apes that lived in the Miocene period, from 14 to 8 million years ago. The remain have been found in various part of the world including East Africa, Asia and Europe. In order to find out how closely the ramapithecines are related to us, their jaws have been compared with our own, and with those of our closest relatives, the chimpanzee and gorillas. The shape of their jaw suggests that, like us, the ramapithecus had short muzzles (flat face) and their teeth seem more like ours too. On this evidence it may be argued that the ramapithecines are probably more closely related to us than chimpanzee and gorilla. The australopithecine Both types of australopithecine had short muzzles, and their teeth have certain characteristics in common with our own. All the australopithecine seems to have walked upright on two legs as we do.

34. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Vertebrates change. Vertebrate paleontology and Evolution by Robert L. CarrollAugust, 1987. 4. Books Mammoths, Sabertooths, and hominids. List http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Verteb

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35. Naturalis - Fossil Macro Vertebrates The hominids and their environment during the lower and middle Pleistocene of Eurasia.Proceedings of the International Conference of Human paleontology, Orce http://www.naturalis.nl/naturalis.nl/naturalis.nl/i000327.html

het menu wordt geladen Paleontology Fossil macro vertebrates Curator Vos, Dr. J. de (John)  e-mail vos@naturalis.nl  room number C.01.07  telephone  fax Research interests There are two large collections of Pleistocene mammals available The Collection of mammal fossils from Indonesia, better known as the Dubois Collection; The Collection of Pleistocene mammal fossils from the Netherlands and the Northsea. Both collections indicate the field of research and expertise of the curator, namely: the taxonomic, systematic, geographic, stratigraphic research of the Pleistocene mammals of the Netherlands and Southeast Asia, in relation to fossil man. Dubois collection Eugene Dubois collected this collection at the end of the 19th century. The collection is world famous, because it contains the first fossils (the femur, skullcap and the molar) from Pithecanthropus erectus , nowadays Homo erectus . Besides this, Dubois collected about 40,000-mammal fossil from Sumatra and Java. As there was a discussion about their stratigraphic position, fieldwork is/was carried out in Java, Sumatra, Pakistan and Vietnam. Based on the results of those fieldwork campaigns a new biostratigraphy was developed for Java. As this collection also contains the fossils of pigmy proboscideans from Sulawesi and Flores, fieldwork is/was carried out in Sulawesi, Flores and Philippines; all islands with unbalanced endemic island faunas. Every island has its own evolutionary history. Such faunas are also present on the islands of the Mediterranean, like Crete, Kasos, Cyprus etc. On these islands also fieldwork was carried out. On Flores it was shown that a layer with large

36. Eight Scholars From Around World To Be Awarded Honorary D on hominid evolution and produced numerous scientific papers spanning the scopeof paleoanthropology, fossil hominids, paleontology, prehistoric archaeology http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/931014/degrees.shtml

Vol. 13, No. 4 current issue archive / search contact Eight scholars from around world to be awarded honorary d Sonnenschein will confer the degrees following his installation as the University's 11th president and the presentation of his inaugural address. A description of the recipients' work follows. IHSAN ABBAS Doctor of Humane Letters Abbas, professor emeritus at the American University of Beirut, is considered the premier figure of this century in the field of Arabic and Islamic studies both in the East and in the West. His work includes the seminal contribution to the founding principles of the modern edited Arabic text and groundbreaking work on the Arabic literary legacy of Muslim Spain. Abbas is also known for his internationally acclaimed theoretical and applied works on Arabic literary criticism and for his translations of works of literature particularly American literature which have set new standards for translation into Arabic. Abbas has written, edited and translated close to 70 books and over 80 articles, displaying a wide range of expertise not only in Arabic literature but also in history, geography, political thought, law, science, civilization and religion. He is currently editor of the Encyclopaedia of Islamic Civilization. His open-minded approach to scholarship is part of his call for cooperation between Arabs, Muslims and Western Orientalists for the uncovering of the humanistic contribution of Islamic civilization to world civilization over the centuries.

37. Analytical Essays - Help Writing College Essays On Genetics & Paleontology - 194 Papers On Genetics paleontology Page 11 of 14. The Phylogenetic Relationships ofAfrican hominids The Cladistic Verses the Molecular Data Approach send me http://www.essaypros.com/categories/194-010.html

analytical essays Yes!! We DO Have Essays On Your Topic! All papers listed below are only $ /page with SAME DAY DELIVERY! Bibliography pages are FREE!! Page 11 of 14 The Lazarus Effect and the ‘Feathers’ of the Longisquama send me this paper This 3 page paper is written in two parts, answering several questions; which of the three commonly accepted explanations is most likely to explain the Lazarus effect, what value or information the Lazarus effect provides when studying the fossil record and what is meant by refugia. The second part of the paper looks at the appendages of Longisquama considers if these are mostly likely to be feathers or scales, the role they may have had and whether it was likely to be the ancestor of bird life.The bibliography cites 7 sources. Filename: TElazaru.rtf The Neanderthal Controversy send me this paper This 8 page paper provides an overview of the controversies over the origins of Homo sapien, and the question of whether modern man drove out the Neanderthals or if they interbred. This paper integrate a view of the existing arguments. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Filename: MHNeande.rtf

38. Science And Technology - Earth Science (Paleontology) Fossil Freak s Home Page The Fossil Freak supplies paleontology resources and selectedlinks. Fossil hominids Paleontologist Jim Foley refutes creationist http://www.centerofweb.com/scitech/earth_paleontology.htm

Search the Web Perform a Center of the Web Entire Site WebShed.Com Tech Net Nature Sunshine Basket Tree Gifts Ditto Elementary case-insensitive case-sensitive NEW Java Search (Paleontology) Please email with comments and suggestions about this page. Bitten By the Bone Bug An index of links to paleontology resources on the Web supplies detailed evaluations of each site. British Fossils Inspect representatives of British fossil fauna and flora collected in the past 6 years. Chris Saetti's Fossil Gallery View an online image gallery of the numerous fossil specimens occurring in the Columbus, Ohio and Caesar Creek areas. Computational Paleontology The Computational Paleontology pages are devoted to the use of mathematical models, simulation and computer graphics in paleontology. Dinosaur Web Pages, The The cladistic system is utilized in the presentation of technical information about dinosaurs. Dinosauria On-Line "Jurassic Park" it ain't, but this low-tech site is content heavy filled with facts, diagrams and fossil news that would make any science teacher smile. Roam through the picture gallery or read scientific debates. Check out the DinoStore.

39. McHenry, Henry M. 7521588 FAX (530) 752-8885 Position Professor Areas of interest paleoprimatology,Miocene hominoids, Plio-Pleistocene hominids, paleontology Species of http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/idp/wdp/entry/2499

World Directory of Primatologists McHenry, Henry M. University of California Anthropology One Shields Ave Davis, CA 95616 USA hmmchenry@ucdavis.edu http://www.anthro.ucdavis.edu/faculty/mchenry/ Phone: (530) 752-1588 FAX: (530) 752-8885 Position: Professor Areas of interest: paleoprimatology, Miocene hominoids, Plio-Pleistocene hominids, paleontology Species of interest: Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecus, Ardipithecus, Paranthropus, Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, Kenyanthropus, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus Entry created: 2000-11-28 Review requested: 2003-11-17 Entry last reviewed: 2001-11-05 Update Entry Delete Entry

40. Evolution: Glossary bipedalism Of hominids, walking upright on two hind legs; more generally, usingtwo legs for locomotion. Author of two books on paleontology for young people. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/glossary/

Glossary A B C D ... Z acquired trait: A phenotypic characteristic, acquired during growth and development, that is not genetically based and therefore cannot be passed on to the next generation (for example, the large muscles of a weightlifter). adaptation: Any heritable characteristic of an organism that improves its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Also used to describe the process of genetic change within a population, as influenced by natural selection adaptive landscape: A graph of the average fitness of a population in relation to the frequencies of genotypes in it. Peaks on the landscape correspond to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is high, valleys to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is low. Also called a fitness surface. adaptive logic: A behavior has adaptive logic if it tends to increase the number of offspring that an individual contributes to the next and following generations. If such a behavior is even partly genetically determined, it will tend to become widespread in the population. Then, even if circumstances change such that it no longer provides any survival or reproductive advantage, the behavior will still tend to be exhibited unless it becomes positively disadvantageous in the new environment. adaptive radiation: The diversification, over evolutionary time, of a

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