41. Quick Reference Guides On Holy See (Vatican City) - Government: Government Type Quick Reference Guides on holy see (Vatican City) government (Facts About holysee (Vatican City)). holy see (Vatican City) government government type. http://www.reference-guides.com/cia_world_factbook/Holy_See__Vatican_City_/Gover

Quick Reference Guides on Holy See (Vatican City) - Government: Government type (Facts About Holy See (Vatican City)) Top: Holy See (Vatican City): Government: Government type Introduction Background Geography Location Geographic coordinates Map references Area ... Geography - note People Population Population growth rate HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS ... Literacy Government Country name Government type Capital Administrative divisions ... Flag description Economy Economy - overview Population below poverty line Household income or consumption by percentage share Labor force ... Fiscal year Communications Telephones - main lines in use Telephones - mobile cellular Telephone system Radio broadcast stations ... Internet users Transportation Railways Highways Waterways Ports and harbors ... Heliports Military Military branches Military - note Transnational Issues Disputes - international Holy See (Vatican City): Government: Government type ecclesiastical Consumer Guides Impartial consumer and government guides, resources and education. Includes mortgage, home loan information and more.

42. Quick Reference Guides On Holy See (Vatican City) - Government: Country Name (Fa Quick Reference Guides on holy see (Vatican City) government (Facts About holysee (Vatican City)). holy see (Vatican City) government Country name. http://www.reference-guides.com/cia_world_factbook/Holy_See__Vatican_City_/Gover

Quick Reference Guides on Holy See (Vatican City) - Government: Country name (Facts About Holy See (Vatican City)) Top: Holy See (Vatican City): Government: Country name Introduction Background Geography Location Geographic coordinates Map references Area ... Geography - note People Population Population growth rate HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS ... Literacy Government Country name Government type Capital Administrative divisions ... Flag description Economy Economy - overview Population below poverty line Household income or consumption by percentage share Labor force ... Fiscal year Communications Telephones - main lines in use Telephones - mobile cellular Telephone system Radio broadcast stations ... Internet users Transportation Railways Highways Waterways Ports and harbors ... Heliports Military Military branches Military - note Transnational Issues Disputes - international Holy See (Vatican City): Government: Country name conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) Consumer Guides Impartial consumer and government guides, resources and education.

43. 4/19/99 Statement On Holy See Status At U.N. as an organ of government for Catholics worldwide, it cannot be said to have a permanentpopulation. Finally, the holy see is itself the government of the http://www.crlp.org/pr_99_0419holysee.html

Contact Us In the News 2004 Press Releases 2003 Press Releases ... 1997 Press Releases 1999 Press Releases 12/15/99 Center Asks Supreme Court to Affirm NE Decision 12/10/99 Nicki Gamble Elected to Center Board of Directors 12/3/99 Trial on Florida Law Requiring Parental Notice for Abortion 12/3/99 Alaska Abortion Restriction on Minors Reviewed ... 1/5/99 Alabama Partial Birth Abortion Ban The Questionable Status of the Holy See at the United Nations: A Church Disguised as a Nation Statement of Anika Rahman, Director of the International Program at the Center for Reproductive Rights April 19, 1999 The Holy See cannot and should not be regarded as a "non-member state" permanent observer of the United Nations. If the United Nations treats the Holy See as a state because of its history as the ruler of European territories, the United Nations is deviating from its stated policies. If the United Nations treats the Holy See as a state with permanent observer privileges because of the Roman Catholic's religious authority, the United Nations is creating a precedent for similar claims by other religions. To ensure that the United Nations does not promote one particular religion, religious entities such as the Roman Catholic Church should not be permitted to participate in this forum as a non-member state.

44. >>> AsiaNews.it <<< Israel – Holy See: No Apparent Fruit After 10 Years Of Dipl the future has gotten worse due to the absolute silence the Israeli government haskept over its reasons for cutting diplomatic relations with the holy see. http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=470

45. CIN - The Action Of The Holy See For The Jews Of Europe: Hungary On April 1, the British minister, Sir d Arcy Osborne, submitted his government srequest that the holy see use its influence to prevent Jewish refugees in http://www.cin.org/p12-8.html

The Action of the Holy See for the Jews of Europe: Hungary More Jewish Appeals Msgr. Rotta Rebuffed The Pope's Telegram Courtesy of Catholic Information Network (CIN) Sponsored by E-Mail Webmaster Appreciation to: Vatican Website Christus Rex Hermanoleón Clipart Christian Classics ... Art Today

46. CIN - The Action Of The Holy See For The Jews Of Europe: Slovakia The holy see hopes that the Slovak government, in accordance with the principlesof the Catholic religion, to which the vast majority of the people belongs http://www.cin.org/p12-7.html

The Action of the Holy See for the Jews of Europe: Slovakia Message to Bratislava Unique Mission This news, in contradiction with the assurances referred to above, has been learned with deep sorrow by the Holy See which, once more, finds itself in the painful necessity of expressing its regret. The Holy See hopes that the Slovak government, in accordance with the principles of the Catholic religion, to which the vast majority of the people belongs, will leave no stone unturned in order that the Jews who are still in the territory of the Republic may not be subjected to even more sufferings. Courtesy of Catholic Information Network (CIN) Sponsored by E-Mail Webmaster Appreciation to: Vatican Website Christus Rex Hermanoleón Clipart Christian Classics ... Art Today

47. The Action Of The Holy See: Romania At the requests of the American and British governments, the holy see asked theGerman government to permit them to be gathered and sent to a port on the http://www.catholicleague.org/piusxii_and_the_holocaust/romania.htm

The Action of the Holy See for the Jews of Europe: Romania B S N ot waiting for instructions, the nuncio immediately began diplomatic maneuvers, asking the government to raise the age limit of the orphans from 12 to 16, thereby increasing the number eligible for the exodus to Palestine. Soon after, the Grand Rabbi of Jerusalem asked the Holy See to intervene in a similar manner, but having already acted, the nuncio pointed out that further Vatican action would be superfluous. In a March 16 report to the Vatican, he said the government seemed ready for conciliation and that it would do even more were it not afraid of the reaction of the country's anti-Semites. The nuncio informed the Vatican that the civilian administration of Transnistria had been dismantled and that the population, including the Jews, "will be evacuated this side of the Nistra," that is, to safety beyond the reach of the Germans. A s for the orphans, on July 11, the nuncio informed Rome that the first Romanian refugee ship had arrived in Istanbul carrying 250 children from Costanza. Other ships would bring more refugees, he said, "and in this way the difficult question, which gave us so much work in the past, is reaching a successful solution." Naturally, he said, the gratitude of the Jewish community in Romania is felt deeply. Rabbi Herzog of Palestine also sent his thanks to the nuncio. O bviously, one should not suppose that whatever positive results were gained through these initiatives were due solely, or even largely, to any reputed Vatican "influence". To do so would be to underestimate the vast and intensive activity of the Jewish organizations themselves. Yet the gratitude of the Jewish leaders, such as Rabbi Safran, was no less sincere and justified.

48. The Action Of The Holy See: France of protracted and intensive diplomatic negotiations, with the holy see as a tohave been illegally obtained, one Latin American government after another http://www.catholicleague.org/piusxii_and_the_holocaust/france.htm

The Action of the Holy See for the Jews of Europe: France C onfined in the German concentration camp at Vittel, France, were more Jews who claimed citizenship of either the United States or Latin American nations. They, too, were the objects of protracted and intensive diplomatic negotiations, with the Holy See as a willing participant. According to a report filed December 31, 1943, by the Nuncio Bernardini, they had been transferred from Germany to France, where they were kept together in the ostensible hope that they could be exchanged for Germans interned in the Western hemisphere. However, because in many cases their documents appeared to have been illegally obtained, one Latin American government after another withdrew its recognition of the passports, causing the prisoner's fragile situation to grow increasingly grave. O n December 27, 1943, the apostolic delegate in Washington wired his superiors that the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada had pleaded for lenience toward the thousands of Polish Jews interned at Vittel. The Vatican, under Maglione's signature, immediately appealed to the Spanish government, the protecting power, urging it to maintain its support. And instructions were sent to Paraguay, one of the most involved states, to urge that rejection of the documents be suspended. On January 24, following contacts with the International Red Cross, the Vatican sent circular instructions to the other nunciatures in Latin America, instructing them to solicit from the respective governments continued recognition of the passports, "no matter how illegally obtained."

49. Columbus World Travel Guide - Europe - Vatican City State [Holy See] - History A World Travel Guide Vatican City State holy see - History and government- includes information on the constitution and politics. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/vat/vat580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Europe/VaticanCityState[HolySee]/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Vatican City State [Holy See] hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Europe /Vatican City VATICAN CITY History and Government History: For over 1000 years – from the era of Charlemagne’s Frankish empire until 1870 – much of the central Italian peninsula was under the direct or indirect rule of the Pope, who, at the same time, wielded immense power throughout the whole of Europe. The Papacy was often deeply involved in the political issues of the times and the office itself was often in the gift of powerful lay rulers. The Popes were responsible for the launch of the Crusading movement from the late-11th century onwards and played a crucial role in almost all the major European events of the Medieval period. Despite such influence (often exercised very much at variance with the ideals of the Christian faith), the Papacy was often riven by schisms, notably the Great Schism (1305–1378), when a succession of rival Popes established themselves at Avignon, with the blessing of the King of France. The Reformation of the 16th century broke the spiritual dominance of the Papacy in Europe, despite the counter-reformatory work of the Council of Trent (1545–63). From this time on, the Popes – with some notable exceptions – were forced into a less dominant position in European affairs. After the unification of Italy in the late-19th century, the Pope retreated into the Vatican enclave until the Lateran Treaty of 1929, between the Vatican and the Italian state, recognised Papal jurisdiction within the city. In 1978, Cardinal Karol Wojtyla became the first non-Italian incumbent of the Papacy since the 16th century, taking the title John Paul II. During his pontificate, the Vatican has experienced a major administrative upheaval and has been embroiled in a massive financial scandal.

50. US Diplomatic Relations With Holy See By Thomas J. Reese, S.J. The Justice Department, in its brief responding to these allegations, defends theright of the US government to have diplomatic relations with the holy see. http://www.americamagazine.org/reese/america/a-wilson.htm

Diplomatic Relations with Holy See By Thomas J. Reese, S.J., senior fellow at the Woodstock Theological Center America , March 16, 1985 America Press When the U.S. Senate approved the appointment of William A. Wilson as the U.S. ambassador to the Holy See at the end of 1983, most people expected the debate over diplomatic relations with the Vatican to fade away. Not so. The fight has merely moved from the executive and legislative branches of government to the judiciary. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, the American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A., the National Association of Evangelicals, the National Association of [Catholic] Laity and a number of other organizations filed suit in the Federal District Court of Philadelphia alleging that diplomatic relations with the Holy See violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment and the liberty and equal protection clauses of the Fifth Amendment. The Justice Department summarizes the plaintiffs' complaints that the appointment of an ambassador to the Holy See "creates a formal official relationship between the United States" and a church; "prefers one religious denomination over all others;" "creates a special benefit for one religious organization and a corresponding detriment for all others;" "provides the potential for excessive governmental entanglement between church and state," and "results in political and religious divisiveness." The plaintiffs also argue that the Holy See is not a state but a church and that the Fifth Amendment prohibits "the creation of any permanent church-state linkage."

51. Diplomacy Issues Related To Vatican (Holy See) All about a country government of Vatican (holy see) 1 Back to thesummary of all about Vatican (holy see), 1. government of Vatican http://www.diplomaticnet.com/uk/tsp.php?cat=1&pais=189&num=1&a=0&NAV=1

52. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States Of The Church On 14 March, 1848, Pius IX after long hesitation decided to proclaim the fundamentallaw for the temporal government of the lands of the holy see; as in other http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... S > States of the Church A B C D ... Z States of the Church (Ital. Lo Stato della Chiese Consists of the civil territory which for over 1000 years (754-1870) acknowledged the pope as temporal ruler. The expression "Patrimonium Sancti Petri" originally designated the landed possessions and revenues of various kinds that belonged to the Church of St. Peter at Rome. Until the middle of the eighth century this consisted wholly of private property, but the term was later applied to the States of the Church, and more particularly to the Duchy of Rome. Our subject may thus be conveniently treated under the following heads: I. Patrimony of St. Peter (tracing the origin of the States of the Church to the time of Charlemagne); II. History of the States of the Church. I. PATRIMONY OF ST. PETER Patrimonial Possessions of the Church of Rome The law of Constantine the Great (321), by which the Christian Church was declared qualified to hold and transmit property, first gave a legal basis to the possessions of the Church of Rome. Subsequently the possessions were rapidly augmented by donations. Constantine himself set the example, the Lateran Palace being most probably presented by him. Constantine's gifts formed the historical nucleus, which the Sylvester Legend later surrounded with that network of myth, that gave rise to the forged document known as the

53. CFFC SEE CHANGE We believe that the holy see, the government of the Roman Catholic church, shouldparticipate in the UN in the same way as the world s other religions do—as http://www.seechange.org/bluebottom5c.htm

Hundreds of organizations and thousands of people worldwide have initiated a campaign to change the status of the Roman Catholic church at the United Nations. Concerned that the church has flown in under UN radar by calling itself the Holy See, we have called on the Secretary-General to review the church's current status as a Non-member State Permanent Observer. We believe that the Holy See, the government of the Roman Catholic church, should participate in the UN in the same way as the world's other religions do—as a non-governmental organization. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AT THE UNITED NATIONS: CHURCH OR STATE? WHAT STATUS DOES THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAVE AT THE UN? The Holy See is a Non-member State Permanent Observer at the United Nations. This rarely-used designation gives it some of the privileges of a state, such as being able to speak and vote at UN conferences. No other religion is granted this elevated status. Other religions participate in the UN like most other non-state entitiesas nongovernmental organizations. Because UN conferences operate on consensus, the ability to disagree with the majority consensus has significant power. The Holy See was not invited to participate in the UN. The Holy See initiated requests to be recognized as a state in international bodies. No vote was ever taken on the Holy See's presence at the UN by the General Assembly.

54. General Comments - Government Responses - Holy See see By Theme or Subject Matter . To link to this site, please contactus. General Comments government Responses. holy see. CERD. http://www.bayefsky.com/docs.php/area/govresp/state/75

The United Nations Human Rights Treaties Home Introduction Text of the Treaties Amendments to the Treaties Documents BY STATE BY CATEGORY BY THEME OR SUBJECT MATTER How to Complain About ... Human Rights Treaty Violations New! Working Methods of the Treaty Bodies Reform of the UN Human Rights Treaty System About Bayefsky.com New! PORTAL to UN human rights treaty information Feedback? Suggestions? Contact us Can't find what you're looking for? See " By Theme or Subject Matter To link to this site, please contact us General Comments - Government Responses Holy See CERD Information for CAT, CCPR, CEDAW, CERD and CESCR is as of the 2003 annual reports, and for CRC is current to the report of the thirty-fourth session (CRC/C/133). Additional documents released by the treaty bodies by May 2004 are also included. The six treaty bodies periodically issue General Comments or General Recommendations, which are statements of interpretation of articles of the treaty or special thematic topics. Occasionally, states parties will submit comments or responses to these General Comments. Where these are published, they are included in this section.

55. Fundamental Agreement - Israel-Holy See corresponds to the sixteenth day of the month of Tevet, in the year5754. FOR THE government OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL. FOR THE holy see. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1993/12/Fundamental Agreement - I

PH_DoValidation=true; My MFA Search Advanced search MFA newsletter MFA MFA Library Dec Fundamental Agreement - Israel-Holy See Fundamental Agreement - Israel-Holy See 30 Dec 1993 FUNDAMENTAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE HOLY SEE AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL December 30, 1993 Preamble The Holy See and the State of Israel, Mindful of the singular character and universal significance of the Holy Land; Aware of the unique nature of the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people, and of the historic process of reconciliation and growth in mutual understanding and friendship between Catholics and Jews; Having decided on 29 July 1992 to establish a 'Bilateral Permanent Working Commission', in order to study and define together issues of common interest, and in view of normalizing their relations; Recognizing that the work of the aforementioned Commission has produced sufficient material for a first and Fundamental Agreement; Realizing that such Agreement will provide a sound and lasting basis for the continued development of their present and future relations and for the furtherance of the Commission's task, Agree upon the following Articles: Article 1 The State of Israel, recalling its Declaration of Independence, affirms its continuing commitment to uphold and observe the human right to freedom of religion and conscience, as set forth In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in other international instruments to which it is a party.

56. About The Holy See Monarchy type; the Pope has full executive, legislative and judicial powers in boththe pastoral government (holy see) and civil government (Vatican City State http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canadaeuropa/menu-en.asp?act=v&did=1993&mid=44&cat=

57. Canada And The Holy See Pierre Elliot Trudeau and His Holiness Pope Paul VI, the government of Canadatook the initiative of opening diplomatic relations with the holy see on 15 http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canadaeuropa/menu-en.asp?act=v&did=1992&mid=44&cat=

58. Vatican City/Holy See conceptual) • government Politics / History government (General) Apologies Western/ Southern Europe Vatican City/holy see • Europe Western http://www.fairness.com/resources/by-geography?geography_id=689

59. Holy See Facts From ALS International male NA%. female NA%. holy see (Vatican City), government, Top of Page. Countryname conventional long form The holy see (State of the Vatican City) http://www.alsintl.com/countries/H/holy.see.html

Holy See (Vatican City) Introduction Geography People Government ... Country List Holy See (Vatican City) Introduction Top of Page Background: Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the adjustment of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. Holy See (Vatican City) Geography Top of Page Location: Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)

60. WLUML: News And Views What is the holy see and what is its status at the United Nations? The holysee is the government of Vatican City and the Roman Catholic Church. http://www.wluml.org/english/newsfulltxt.shtml?cmd[157]=x-157-19298 &cmd[189]=x-

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