1. WWW Hmong Homepage The hmong Experience in Asia and the United States; hmong in China; Miscellaneous Pictures; Dega Photos SEAsian indigenous peoples. http://www.hmongnet.org/

WWW Hmong Homepage http://www.hmongnet.org About the WWW Hmong Homepage Home News Current Events ... Publications Current Events and Announcements Laos AdVenture Study Tour 2004 information "A Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" at Yale University School of Medicine Summer Hmong History and Culture Paj Ntaub Voice Call for Submissions ... Five Senses Show: An Exhibition of Traditional and Modern Hmong and Lao Art Special Projects MN Dept. of Children, Families and Learning English-Hmong Dictionary of Special Education MHC Motheread/Fatheread Program Adventure into Laos (Photo Gallery by Peter Whittlesey) Teen Feedback: Questions and Answers about Being Hmong Hmong Textiles Arts at Harding High School Index of the Hmong Studies Journal Books and Publications ... Hmong Means Free: Life Laos and America... Search Amazon General Information About Hmong People, History and Culture Have a Question? Answers here! Hmong Library Research Guide Hmong Nationality Archives ... Hmong Statistics (mostly Minnesota) Zaj lus ua ntawv Hmoob/Moob (InHmong: Information on the Web Written in Hmong) The Hmong Experience in Asia and the United States (Introduction Chapter from Hmong Means Free by Dr. Sucheng Chan)

2. The World Wide Web Virtual Library: Indigenous Studies CWIS George Manuel Librar archive of the political struggles waged by indigenous peoples seek to achieve the full expression of self hmong/Lao peoples. hmongAustralian Resource Page. hmong Home Page http://www.cwis.org/wwwvl/indig-vl.html

The WWW Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree Library of Congress The World Wide Web Virtual Library: INDIGENOUS STUDIES The Center For World Indigenous Studies (CWIS) and the Chief George Manuel Library are pleased to support and contribute to the development and maintenance of the World Wide Web Virtual Library The Indigenous Studies Virtual Library provides links to: General Indigenous Studies Resources I ndigenous Resources for Africa Indigenous Resources for Asia and the Middle East Indigenous Resources for Indigenous Resources for Europe Indigenous Resources for North America Indigenous Resources for the Pacific Other Useful Resources Other World Wide Web Virtual Library Sites If you wish to register a resource with the Indigenous Studies WWW Virtual Library, please use our Site Submission Form . For other inquiries, please e-mail the Chief George Manuel Library Librarian This site is maintained in conjunction with the Australian National University's Aboriginal Studies WWW Virtual Library Circumpolar WWW Virtual Library containing links to Circumpolar Indigenous resources.

3. Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights A. History of the hmong. Prior to the 1800s, the hmong were indigenous peoples living along the plains of the Yellow River in China. http://www.hrusa.org/indig/reports/hmong.htm

A. History of the Hmong             Prior to the 1800s, the Hmong were indigenous peoples living along the plains of the Yellow River in China. For centuries, they lived along these plains, peaceably, but with a proud and independent spirit. In the 19 th century, the expansionist movements of the Imperial Han resulted in thousands of Hmong massacred and displaced. Refusing to be dominated, the surviving Hmong took to the mountains for protection.  The mountains were difficult for a farming society, as was the Hmong then. However, the mountains were less accessible and more defensible against the imperialist Han.  They lived and thrived in the mountains, moving only when threatened. As expansionist pressures from the Han increased, so did migration of the Hmong. By the 1800s, the Hmong found themselves forced to migrate into the highlands of Southeast Asia.  Laos was home to many Hmong by the early 1800s.             The Vietnam War caused even more migration of the Hmong. Many became refugees in Thailand; others found themselves in other parts of Asia. Thousands were granted refugee status in western countries, including the United States. Due to the constant migration and poor census data collection in developing countries, there had never been an accurate count of the population of Hmong. It was only estimated in 2000 that 400,000 Hmong lived in Laos and 300,000 in the United States. Today, the largest concentrations of Hmong in the U.S. are in Wisconsin, Minnesota and California.

4. Setting Standards For Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: From The Grassroots Up The Asia indigenous peoples Pact (AIPP) is an unprecedented regional forum, composed of eighteen indigenous Malaysia; the Karen, Lisu, Akha, hmong, Lahu, Khamu, Iltin, Lua, and http://www.cceia.org/viewMedia.php/prmID/562

Printer Friendly 06/05/1997 Table of Contents Innovative Human Rights Strategies in East Asia Setting Standards for Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: From the Grassroots Up Jannie Lasimbang "Our existence is threatened by systematic campaigns of extermination, development aggression, population transfers, forced assimilation, invasions, occupations, and militarization." The Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) is an unprecedented regional forum, composed of eighteen indigenous peoples’ organizations from ten countries, that works to build cooperation and solidarity among the threatened indigenous peoples of the region. AIPP has been actively contributing to international standard setting on indigenous rights—the protection and revitalization of indigenous social and cultural institutions, control over ancestral homelands, and development of communities—through its involvement in the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations (UNWGIP), the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, and other international forums. After operating informally as a regional network since 1988, AIPP was officially founded in 1992. That year fifteen indigenous peoples’ organizations determined that a regional organization was needed to formulate common strategies to promote the collective rights and restore the self esteem of Asian indigenous peoples, and counter the assimilationist policies of many Asian governments. Today AIPP includes organizations representing the Igorot, Lumad, Aeta, and Moro peoples of the Philippines; the Ainu of Japan; the Aborigines of Taiwan; the Moluccan, Melayu, and Dayak of Indonesia; the Dusun, Murut, Orang Ulu, and Dayak of Malaysia; the Karen, Lisu, Akha, Hmong, Lahu, Khamu, Il’tin, Lua, and Lawa of Thailand; the Arakham and Chin of Burma; the Jumma of Bangladesh; the Naga and Adivasi of India; and twenty-two nationalities in Nepal.

5. Indigenous Peoples Of The World - The H'mong People The H mong. Other Names Bai Miao, hmong, Man Trang, Meo, Meau, Miao, Mieu Toc, Mong Virtual hmong Window to the hmong People. hmong Resource Center. http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=H'mong

6. Gender, Race And Ethnicity In Media - Indigenous Peoples Aboriginal Media Program First Nations Technical Institute " This three-year post-secondary program leads to either a diploma in print and broadcast journalism. . . Mother Earth and the traditional cultural life-ways of indigenous peoples. Producer Wolf Mountain Radio the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes. Suab hmong Radio. The Suab hmong Radio program http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/GenderMedia/native.html

7. Press Release, July 18, 2001 - Representative Of Hmong People And The United Nat Leaders and representatives of more than 300 million indigenous peoples around the world, including hmong people in Laos, who need social, cultural, economic http://www.laohumrights.org/unhcr.html

PRESS RELEASE July 18, 2001 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Representative of Hmong People and the United Nations Dr. Vang Pobzeb will participate in the 19th Session of the U.N. Working Group on Indigenous Populations, U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Geneva, Switzerland, July 23-27, 2001. He first participated in the 11th Session of the U.N. Working Group on Indigenous Populations on July 19-31, 1993. He was one of the many experts and representatives of Indigenous Peoples who drafted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 1993. Article One of the Declaration reads: "Indigenous peoples have the right to the full and effective enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms recognized in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law." Article Three reads: "Indigenous peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development." Leaders and representatives of more than 300 million indigenous peoples around the world, including Hmong people in Laos, who need social, cultural, economic, educational, and political development and progress.

8. A. History Of The Hmong Prior To The 1800s, The Hmong Were Indigenous of the hmong. Prior to the 1800s, the hmong were indigenous peoples living along the plains of Like many indigenous peoples, the hmong struggle for civil, political, economic, social http://www.hrusa.org/indig/reports/Hmong.pdf

9. Protecting Indigenous Peoples' Privacy From "Eyes In The Sky" Protecting indigenous peoples' Privacy. from "Eyes in the Sky" Wayne Madsen. Lead Scientist. Computer Sciences Corporation. Integrated Systems Division. Falls Church, Virginia. Abstract Hawaii Nation (United States) hmong People (Laos) Homeland Mission for South Moluccas (Indonesia http://www.spatial.maine.edu/tempe/madsen.html

Protecting Indigenous Peoples' Privacy from "Eyes in the Sky" Wayne Madsen Lead Scientist Computer Sciences Corporation Integrated Systems Division Falls Church, Virginia Abstract 1. Introduction In his famous dissenting opinion in Olmstead v. U.S., 277 U.S. 438 (1928) , Justice Louis Brandeis called the right to be let alone "the most comprehensive of rights and the right most cherished by civilized men." Justice Brandeis's ruling could just as easily apply to the right of indigenous peoples to be let alone from intrusive central government "development" and surveillance programs. The increasing use of satellites to survey lands and oceans for natural resources comes at the expense of many indigenous peoples to freely conduct various activities on their ancestral lands. Many indigenous tribes maintain a certain kinship with the territory upon which they live. This kinship runs deep and in some cases has an important religious significance for the people concerned. 2. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Indigenous Lands Indian leaders contend that those who operate GISs must be sensitive to the traditions surrounding their lands. Many Indian tribes feel that certain data must remain private and not be released to the general public. Data security and privacy controls therefore become problematic. Tribal officials such as the Colville Confederacy leadership feel that certain data cannot be treated as regular data. Information on hunting and gathering areas has a spiritual significance for the Indians that is perhaps unappreciated by statisticians in cold, gray and distant computer rooms (Marchand and Winchell, 1994, 51).

10. FWDP -- European And Asian Documents by the Montagnard/Dega International Human Rights Committee, presented to the UN Workshop on the Rights of indigenous peoples 1993. hmong.TXT Statement of the http://www.cwis.org/eurasia.html

The Fourth World Documentation Project European and Asian Documents European and Asian Documents Chittagong Hill Tracts Archive European and Asian Documents AINU.TXT - A Statement of Opinion Regarding the Partial Revision of ILO Convention No. 107 by The Ainu Association of Hokkaido CORDILL.TXT - In Defense of Our Land Statement from the Kalinga-Bontoc Peacepact Holders' Association July 5, 1984 CORDINFO.TXT - Info and Fact Sheet on The Cordillera Peoples' Alliance - Nations' organization in the Philippines CORDSIEG.TXT CPA-STAT.TXT - Ensure the Victory of Genuine Autonomy Statement of the Cordillera People's Alliance DEGA.TXT - Human Rights Violations - The People of the Dega Republic by the Montagnard/Dega International Human Rights Committee, presented to the UN Workshop on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1993 HMONG.TXT - Statement of the Hmong Nation before the 11th Session of the UNWGIP, July 19-31, 1993 IBALOI.TXT - Report by a Member of the Ibaloi People of the Philippines to the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, 1984 INDBANG2.TXT

11. Indigenous Peoples And Environmental Issues: An Encyclopedia, By Bruce E. Johans The Toll of Dambuilding on indigenous peoples. Accelerating Deforestation in the Amazon Introduction. indigenous peoples in the Power House. The Lahu and hmong Face an Inundation http://www.ratical.com/ratville/IPEIE

back to ratville times rat haus Index Search ... ASCII text formats ) Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Issues: An Encyclopedia by Bruce E. Johansen Professor of Communication and Native American Studies University of Nebraska at Omaha Contents Preface Introduction Argentina: Introduction The Kollas' Struggle for Land Tenure The Argentine Mapuche and Oil Contamination The Wichís' Opposition to Hydroelectric Development Australian Aborigines: Uranium Mining and Nuclear Testing Aboriginals Oppose Gold Mining in New South Wales Bangladesh: Gas Well Explosion Belize: The Mopan and Kekchi Oppose Industrial-scale Logging Biodiversity and Indigenous Environmentalism Bolivia: Indigenous Peoples, Logging Concessions, Oil Exploration, and Toxic Spills Botswana: End of the Line for the Khwe (Kalahari Bushmen) Brazil: Introduction The Toll of Dam-building on Indigenous Peoples Accelerating Deforestation in the Amazon Valley Chico Mendes and the Indigenous Rubber Workers The Apinaje, Kraho, Xerente, Tapuia, Awe, and Karaja, Logging, River Re-routing, and Fish Kills The Apurina, Paurmari, Deni, and Juma Protest Oil-and-gas Pipelines

12. Indigenous Reference Site Where indigenous peoples Live. Source The Health of indigenous peoples Kayapo (Southern) Taiwan Aborigines. hmong. 28. Australia and http://www.ukans.edu/~insp/referencesite.html

Where Indigenous Peoples Live Source : The Health of Indigenous Peoples Compiled by Ethel (Wara) Alderete World Health Organization (WHO), 1999. WHERE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES LIVE The following listing of Indigenous Peoples is not comprehensive, nor exclusive, but instead representative of peoples living worldwide. MAP KEY 1. Artic 8.Great Basin 12.Circum-Caribbean 14.Mato Grosso ASIA 21.Chittagong Hill 26. Kalahari Desert Aleut Shoshone Akawaio Borbora 19. North and Tract Peoples San Chipewyan Ute Bari (Motilones) Botocudo Central Asia Chakma Inuit Choquie Ge (Central) Ainu Marma 27. Ituri Forest Saami 9. Southwest Guajiro Guato Hui Tripura Efe Apache Karina Kaduveo Manchu Lese 2. Sub-Arctic Dine (Hopi) Kogi Kaingang Miao 22. South East Asia Mbuti Cree Navajo Otomac Karaja Mongolian Chin Dene Zuni Paez Kayapo (Southern) Taiwan Aborigines Hmong 28. Australia and Naskapi Yarawato Tupi Tibetan Kachin the Pacific Ojibwa 10. Pacific NW Coast Yukpa Uighur Karen Aboriginals Bella Coola 15. Gran Chaco Yi Kedang Arapesh North America Chinook South America Ache Zhuang Lisu Asmat 3. Eastern

13. Hmong International Human Rights Watch indigenous peoples and their right to development, including the right to participate in development affecting them , I would like to point out that the hmong http://www.hmongihrw.org/unip2001.htm

United Nations Commission on Human Rights Sub-commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Working Group on Indigenous Populations Nineteenth session 23-27 July 2001 Geneva, Switzerland Dear Chairperson, A recent example of the continuing Hmong refugee saga are the 40 Hmong families which were arrested by LPDR authorities at Tha Din Daeng village, Vientiane on September 16, 2000. They had fled from Saysomboun Special Zone because of the danger there. Boun Her Thao, a high level LPDR army officer working in Vientiane, had tried to intervene on their behalf but was later arrested and killed (October 26, 2000) by the Lao government because of his opposition to the way the Hmong were being treated. Another recent case occurred March 2, 2001, when Chao Yang and 8 other villagers were arrested at Tia Bla refugee camp near Muang Cha, Saysomboun Special Zone after refusing to be used as bait to lure the Chao Fa down from the mountains. LPDR soldiers shot and killed Chao's son in front of all the villagers to set an example for those Hmong who defy their authority. Chao Yang and 8 other villagers were then taken away never to be seen again. One villager, Moua Zeb, was able to escape to Thailand, where he is still in hiding waiting for UN protection and a country which will grant him political asylum.

14. Statement Of Dr. Vang Pobzeb At 19th Session Of U.N. Working Group On Indigenous hmong people , Laos , indigenous peoples and their right to development United Nations should establish a UN High Commissioner for indigenous Populations. http://home.earthlink.net/~laohumrights/01item4.html

Statement of Dr. Vang Pobzeb, Representative of Hmong People U.N. Commission on Human Rights Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Nineteenth Session of the U.N. Working Group on Indigenous Populations Geneva, Switzerland July 23-27, 2001 ITEM 4: Dear Chairperson and Members of the U.N. Working Group and Representatives of Indigenous Populations and Organizations: The main subject of the 19th Session of the U.N. Working Group today is "Indigenous Peoples and Their Right to Development." This is an important subject for the more than 12 million Hmong people in Laos, China, Vietnam, Burma, Thailand and other countries, and the more than 300 million indigenous peoples on the global level, because they need economic, social, cultural, education, political development, human rights, and peace. Many thousands of those people have and are dying of starvation, disease, oppression, genocide, human rights violations and ethnic cleansing warfare. Many thousands of Hmong people in Laos and other indigenous peoples on the global level are crying out for survival, peace, human rights, freedom and democracy. Article 1 of the U.N. Declaration on the Right to Development of 1986 reads:

15. Lao Human Rights Council Accomplishments 1987-97 and completed the UN Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples in Geneva government s restoration of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) to hmong and Lao http://home.earthlink.net/~laohumrights/laoact02.html

Accomplishments of the Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. From 1987 to 1997, the Lao Human Rights Council, Inc., has successfully accomplished the following objectives for Hmong and Lao people: 1. From 1987 to 1997, the Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. and its supporters successfully requested and encouraged the U.S. government to accept more than 80,000 Hmong and Lao refugees in the camps in Thailand to resettle in Wisconsin, Minnesota, California and other states in the United States. 2. The Lao Human Rights Council first led over 800 Hmong and Lao American people to participate in the Human Rights Conference at Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, on December 8, 1990. The purpose of the conference was to emphasize genocide, human rights violations, and chemical warfare against people in Laos. 3. On October 3, 1991, Congressman Toby Roth of Wisconsin introduced the Eighteen Points on Laos of the Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. into the U.S. House of Representatives. The Eighteen Points on human rights violations in Laos were published in the U.S. Congressional Record of October 3, 1991. 4. On February 7-17, 1992, two staff members of a U.S. Congressman and the Chairman of the Lao Human Rights Council, Vang Pobzeb, first visited Hmong and Lao refugee camps in Napho, Vinai and Chieng Kham, Thailand. The purpose of the mission was to request the Thai government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to allow refugees to stay in Thailand, to stop forced repatriation of refugees from Thailand to Communist Laos, and to allow more refugees in Thailand to resettle in the United States and other third countries.

16. Gender & Race In Media: Native American And Other Indigenous Peoples follow closely the work of the World Council of indigenous peoples. RealAudio stream is published weekly by the ShoshoneBannock Tribes Suab hmong Radio The http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/GenderMedia/native_txt.html

Aboriginal Media Program - First Nations Technical Institute "This three-year post-secondary program leads to either a diploma in print and broadcast journalism. . . delivered through 15 two-week on-site sessions and industry work placements over three years. . . the training is rooted in Aboriginal learning styles and culture. The facilitators are industry media professionals." Aboriginal Multi-Media Society The Aboriginal Multi-Media Society is a non-profit society and publishes Windspeaker, Alberta Sweetgrass, Saskatchewan Sage and Raven's Eye Native newspapers. AMMSA owns and operates a 24 hour Aboriginal radio station - CFWE-FM Aboriginal Voices Magazine News and perspectives about the lives and experiences of Native Peoples in North America. Look in the archives for full text of past issues. The Aboriginal Youth Network An "online resource created by yourth for youth" that maintains ongoing chats, links to streaming audio radio broadcasts, aboriginal news from the Canada, Australia, the US, and other places around the world. AYN hosts several other Web sites in the Cyberskins section including: Youth Driven, Redwire Magazine, Environmental Youth Alliance, Daybi, and Redhiphop.

17. Spiritual Knowledge Links indigenous peoples Africa People Groups !Kung San Page A relatively in to Nova s episode on Ainu people of Japan. The Music of the hmong in Australia Well http://www.tapestryweb.org/links/spiritual.html

General: The American Religious Experience : Excellent site dedicated to the teaching/study of American religious experience. Read the peer review Mysticism in World Religion : Great site, with varied intro materials pertaining to mysticism in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Arranged by topic, religion, religious thinkers, and glossary. Publications/Journals: DISKUS : "A disembodied journal of international religious studies" from a broadly phenomenological perspective. Full text of earlier issues available free online. International Association for the History of Religions: Internet Journal of the Science of Religion : A bibliographical resource for the academic study of religion. Journal of Southern Religion : A scholarly journal devoted to the study of religion in the American South. Marburg Journal of Religion : A scholarly cyber-journal publishing empirical and theoretical articles on religion. No charge. Online Newshour: Religion : PBS online news magazine, articles, interviews on various religious topics, 1995 - present. Religion and the Arts : A new journal from Boston College. Online excerpts from hard copy journal.

18. Indigenous People Statement of the hmong Nation before the 11th Session of the UNWGIP A Case for the Setting Up of a Fully Operational indigenous peoples Secretariat UNWGIP 19 http://www.sdnpbd.org/sdi/international_day/Indigenous-people/un-doc.htm

Sustainable Development Networking Programme Day of Indigenous People 24-30 April 2001 Home Agenda 21 Rights of Indigenous People Reports ... Contact United Nations Documents and Submissions Latest Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Populations Progress reports of the UN Study on Treaties, Agreements and Other Constructive Arrangements Between States and Indigenous Populations First Progress Report - 1992 Second Progress Report - 1995 Commission on Human Rights Human Rights Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Open-Ended Inter-Sessional Working Group on a Draft UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2nd Session 1996 1st Session 1995 Working Group on Indigenous Peoples 14th Session 1996 13th Session 1995 12th Session 1994 11th Session 1993 ... Other Indigenous Related U.N. Documents

19. Indigenous Peoples - Plans - ADB.org The SAP was prepared in consultation with ethnic minority people along the road project. Ethnic Minority Groups Affected hmongMien (Kim Moun (Lanten), hmong. http://www.adb.org/IndigenousPeoples/lao_north_eco.asp

Home What's New Site Map Index ... Help Resources Asia Recovery Information Center ADB Institute Search Home Topics Indigenous Peoples IPs Plans Northern Economic Corridor Project CONTENTS of INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Northern Economic Corridor Project Lao PDR The Social Action Plan (SAP) [ PDF ] enhances project benefits for the ethnic minority communities found along the road. It serves as the IP development plan (IPDP) required under ADB's IP Policy. The SAP was prepared in consultation with ethnic minority people along the road project. Ethnic Minority Groups Affected: Tai-Kadai (Lao, Leu, Kalom, Nyouan, Tai Dam, Nhang (Yay) Austroasiatic (Khmuic, Khmou, Khmou Ou, Kwen, Ngouan, Palaungic Sam Tao, Lamet, Bit) Tibeto-Burmese (Lolo-Burmese, Southern Loloish, Panna, Central Loloish, Lahu Shi (Kui) Hmong-Mien (Kim Moun (Lanten), Hmong Location: Province of Louang Namtha Viangphoukha district of Bokeo province Learn more about the project: Project Profile Report and Recommendation of the President [ PDF ] Frequently Asked Questions News and Events ADB's Policy IPs Plans ... Privacy Top of page

20. Conference Of Non-Governmental Organizations In Consultative Status With The Uni ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS OF indigenous peoples IN LAOS. Of University Women, opened the debate stating that hmong indigenous populations of Laos http://www.ngocongo.org/ngonew/sub-com-hr-35.htm

Sub-Commission on the Protection and promotion of Human Rights GENEVA, 28 July - 15 August 2003 BACK PRESENTATION ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN LAOS Organized by Interfaith International and co-hosted by NGO Committee on the Status of Women Monday 11th August 2003 Conchita Poncini, of International Federation Of University Women, opened the debate stating that Hmong indigenous populations of Laos are persecuted by the communist Laotian government since 1975. Charles Graves, of Interfaith International, specified the theme of the debate would be focused on the difficult living conditions of the Hmong populations. Two videos were presented during this meeting: -"Hope Lost", which described the persecution by the Laotian Popular Democratic Army of the civilians in particular the Hmong's ethnic in the mountainous region of Nang Vieng. The video emphasized on the use by the Laotian army of chemical weapons and machine gun against civilians; and -"a Helicopter Come from Nang Vieng", which portrayed the victims of an army's aggressions. They appealed the International Community for an immediate humanitarian intervention. Thus, we saw the consequences of the bombings: dizziness, paralysed peoples, headaches, children becoming blind and the urgent problem of the lack of medical treatment.

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