61. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany mostly tropical herbs or http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/lythr.htm

Lythraceae The Lythraceae are mostly tropical herbs or occasionally shrubs or trees comprising about 24 genera and 500 species. The leaves are simple, usually opposite or whorled; stipules are minute or absent. The flowers are strongly perigynous, actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic, commonly 4-,6-, or 8-merous. The sepals appear as lobes of the perigynous zone, the petals are distinct and usually crumpled. The stamens commonly are twice the number of petals, and are usually in two whorls, one with the filaments longer than the other. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of usually 2-4 carpels, a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with usually 2-4 locules, each with numerous axile ovules. The fruit is commonly capsular. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Cuphea hyssopifolium . Note insertion of petals near summit of perigynous zone. Cuphea ignea, cigar flower. Note bilateral symmetry and the exceptional lack of corolla in this species. Cuphea sp.

62. Herbs (Botany) - Books Titles On Finance, Bankruptcy, Loans, Mortgages, Investin herbs (botany) Books Titles on Finance, Bankruptcy, Loans, Mortgages, Investing, Self-Help, Careers, Make Money. herbs (botany) - Books. http://www.centrasoft.net/s05/sub_17721.htm

Herbs (Botany) - Books Click a link below to view all the available details on a particular book: Teach Yourself Herbal Medicine The One Minute (Or So) Healer : 500 Simple Ways to Heal Yourself Naturally Book Index

63. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany herbs, shrubs, or less commonly trees and are arguably the largest family of http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/aster.htm

Asteraceae (Compositae) Tribe Heliantheae Tribe Lactuceae Tribe Senecioneae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Achil lea millefolium , yarrow (Anthemideae) . Aromatic foliage is one of the characteristics of this tribe which includes chrysanthemums and sagebrush. Artemisia sp., wormwood, sagebrush (Anthemideae) Gazania sp. (Arctotidae) . This commonly cultivated garden plant represents one of the smaller tribes. Chrysothamnus nauseosus , rabbit brush, (Astereae), Haines, OR, July, 2003. Monoptilon bellioides , desert star (Astereae) , vic. Saguaro Natl. Park, AZ, Mar. 2004. Solidago missouriensis , goldenrod (Astereae) Tetramolopium filiforme (Astereae) . Such notable plants as asters and goldenrods are in the same tribe as this attractive Hawaiian endemic. Osteospermum sp. (Calenduleae) . This lesser tribe is here represented by a popular ground cover. Butterflies and skippers commonly visit the flowers of this family. Their proboscis is well suited to siphon the small quantities of nectar from the small tubular flowers. Arctium minus , common burdock, (Cardueae) , MacDonald-Dunn Forest, Oak Creek Trail, OR, July, 2003.

64. Chinese Herbs: Their Botany,chemistry & ... 1987 Auteur/Author, Keys, John. Titre/Title, Chinese herbs Their botany,chemistry pharmacodynamics. Edition, 4. Editeur/Editor, CE.Tuttle. Date, 1987. http://cidg2.no-ip.info:8080/jb/i/n/m013959.htm

# Mono.: M0014516)_ Cote/Call Number 0370.4 K4.1 ex.2 Local: mono Auteur/Author Keys, John Titre/Title Edition Editeur/Editor C.E.Tuttle Date Collation/Series Descripteurs/Descriptors Chine

65. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany of the family, which are herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees comprising about 30 genera and 1,000 species. Includes photos of a few examples....... http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/polygon.htm

Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees comprising about 30 genera and 1,000 species. The leaves are simple, alternate or rarely opposite, and usually stipulate. The membranous, sheathing stipule is called an ocrea. The flowers are actinomorphic, usually small, and are bisexual or occasionally unisexual. The perianth is usually in two undifferentiated whorls comprising 3-6 distinct or basally connate tepals. The androecium consists of 6-9, commonly 8 distinct or basally connate stamens, usually in two whorls. The gynoecium consists of a compound pistil of usually 3 carpels, an equal number of style branches or styles, and a superior ovary with one locule containing a single basal ovule. The fruit is usually a 3-angled or 3-winged achene. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Antigonon leptopus, Mexican creeper. Although the flowers of this coarse vine are showier than average for Polygonaceae, a closer view (below) reveals that their construction is quite typical for the family, note 5-parted perianth and eight stamens. Coccoloba uvifera

66. A Profile Of Taiwan Herbal Botany Garden It is with the ideal of giving people an access to the herbs, we, Taiwan Herbal botany Garden, first opened our herbal botany garden of Chinese medicines to http://www.virtue.com.tw/egcompany-k.htm

A Profile of Taiwan Herbal Botany Garden Chinese medicines are precious heritage as outcomes of studies and experiments on herbs for thousands of years. Access to the source herbs is available only to a few people, the Chinese medicines specialists, but not others. Average people only see or hear the herbs in books or orally. It is a pity that Chinese medicines and herbs remain unpopular. It is with the ideal of giving people an access to the herbs, we, Taiwan Herbal Botany Garden, first opened our herbal botany garden of Chinese medicines to the public lately. In the garden, hundreds of herbs have been cultivated or planted systematically following careful planning. Besides, in the planting area are Briefing Plates, one in each division. Reading them will bring you vital knowledge about the frequently seen herbs and their uses recommended. It is a fine addition to your daily life skills, isn't it? In addition, "Toxic Plants Area" and "Rural Survival Edible-Plants Area" will certainly be fantastic attractions to the nature fans. Operational Philosophy TaiHerbBo Garden aims at creating a garden full of natural and tranquil atmosphere and entertaining visitors with four themes - leisure, health, learning, and Spiritual Growth.

67. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany mostly twining herbs or shrubs, sometimes with http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/convolvul.htm

Convolvulaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Argyreia nervosa, woolly morning-glory. This coarse vine nicely represents the features typical in the family. Note the alternate leaves. Convolvulus arvensis , morning glory, bindweed. Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato. The vining habit is common in the family. Note also the nearly unlobed, rotate corolla with creases or plaits where folding occurred in the bud. Ipomoea horsefalliae, princes vine. This species has deeper lobing of the corolla than is typical for the family. The plait or fold creases are very evident. Ipomoea pes-caprae, pohuehue. The plaits of the corolla are clearly visible in this Hawaiian native beach morning glory. Jacquemontia ovalifolia, pa'uohi'iaka. This Hawaiian native exhibits flowers typical for the family. Note the two stigma lobes, unequal stamens, and the lines on the trumpet-shaped corolla corresponding to the folds or plaits it had in bud. Merremia tuberosa

68. Botany Glossary "H" Herb. An herb is a plant that has a soft stem and is not woody. Plants that are herbs do not undergo secondary growth. Herbaceous. Herbicide. Herbivores. herbs. http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botglosh.htm

Habitat Habitation Haploid Hardwood Hardwood is wood (the xylem of the tree) that contains both tracheids and vessels Softwoods contain only tracheids. Hawks Hazelnut Head DIAGRAMS: Head Inflorescence PHOTOS: Heart Shaped Heartwood Heartwood is the xylem in the center of the tree that has stopped conducting water and minerals and is storing waste products from the plant. These waste products are of various types. In redwood trees these materials causes the heartwood to turn red. These products help to preserve the wood, particularly in redwoods. Heartwood can be contrasted with Sapwood , particularly in redwoods, because the heartwood is red and the sapwood is white. The sapwood is the portion of the xylem that is conducting water and minerals and hasn't started storing waste products. DIAGRAMS: Heartwood Heartwood PHOTOS: Hemlocks Hepaticae Herb An herb is a plant that has a soft stem and is not woody. Plants that are herbs do not undergo secondary growth Herbaceous Herbaceous plants are plants that are herbs with soft, non-woody stems and no secondary growth Herbals Herbicide Herbivores Herbs (as in herbs for seasoning) Hesperidium Heterocyst DIAGRAMS: PHOTOS: Nostoc Nostoc Heterogametes Heterothallic Heterotrophs Hickory nut Hierarchical Higher plants Hilum DIAGRAMS: Cotyledons PHOTOS: Hoarhound Holdfast Homosporous Homothallic Hooks Horizontal Hormogonia Hormones Hornworts Horsetails Horsetails are a group of tracheophytes that are characterized by stems and rhizomes that have ridges and furrows. In the stem are contained carinal and vallecular canals. The carinal canal is smaller of the two and is associated with the vascular bundle and is opposite the ridges of the stem and rhizome. The vallecular canal is opposite the furrows. Horsetails are in the division Sphenophyta and have only one genus, Equisetum. These plants are typically found in damp to wet habitats.

69. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany trees, shrubs, or herbs comprising about http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/sterculi.htm

Sterculiaceae Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph. Brachychiton acerifolium , flame tree. Note uniseriate perianth, part of which has been cut away in both flowers illustrated. The middle photo shows a functionally female flower. The right photo depicts a functionally male flower. Brachychiton discolor Cola acuminata , cola nut. 3,4 - maile flowers, 5 - male (l) and female (r), 1-5 - Lyon Arboretum, Manoa, HI. Commersonia sp. Dombeya sp. Note staminal column with 5 tongue-like staminodes and about 15 stamens. Firmiana sp. This capsule developed from a single flower. At this point the carpels are nearly distinct and each bears a striking resemblance to a modified leaf with marginal seeds. Fremontodendron californica. In this species the flowers are bisexual and have a well developed corolla. The style of the functional pistil is protruding from the column formed by the monadelphous whorl of 5 functional stamens. Guazuma ulmifolia

70. Ryukyu Book & Periodicals: Closed For Maintenance Chinese herbs Their botany, Chemistry Pharmacodynamics. Quantity in Basket none Code 57MEDO315 Price $24.95 Shipping Weight http://ryukyu.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=RBP&Product_Code

71. Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany Trees, shrubs and herbs comprising about 100 genera. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/ros.htm

Rosaceae The Rosaceae are trees, shrubs and herbs comprising about 100 genera and 3,000 species. Most species have alternate leaves and stipules. These may be adnate to the petiole. You have likely heard the saying, "a rose is a rose is a rose," suggesting that when you've seen one, you've seen them all. The family does tend to have somewhat monotonous actinomorphic flowers, commonly with 5-parted perianth and numerous stamens. However, closer inspection reveals that the gynoecium varies tremendously among different species of the family. In the subfamily Rosoideae many apocarpous pistils mature into achenes while in the Prunoideae a single monocarpellate pistil matures into a drupe. In subfamily Spiraeoideae the gynoecium consists of two or more apocarpous pistils that mature into follicles. In all of these cases the ovary is superior and there is commonly some development of a perigynous zone. However, in a fourth subfamily, Maloideae, the ovary is compound and inferior, and an epigynous zone may occur. Each "thumbnail" image below is linked to a larger photograph.

72. Botany D. Andrew White M.Sc. 24/10/2003. herbs, Folklore Science. Herbology is one of the oldest sciences. Rarity of herbs. Many wild herbs have been over-harvested. http://www.ontarioprofessionals.com/weird2.htm

Weird Science D. Andrew White M.Sc. - 24/10/2003 Herbology is one of the oldest sciences. Human beings have been using herbs for medicines for thousands of years, and almost every culture has had some herbal medicine tradition. Many modern medicines were derived, originally, from herbal remedies. In fact, it is a mystery as to how 'pre-scientific' cultures discovered some of these herbal concoctions. Some of the herbal effects are quite subtle, others require complex preparation, some herbs are only effective when mixed with other agents. How did our ancestors discover these remedies? This ancient knowledge is a true marvel (Davis 1996, Heatherley 1998). Worldwide today there is a belief that natural herbal medicines are safer and better than synthetic pharmaceuticals. The fact that almost everyone has an elder who is a herbalist has hindered us from taking a critical look at herbs. (No nice person wants to dis an elder!) For it is not commonly realised that not all of traditional herbal lore is accurate Scientific investigation has shown that herbal efficacy is due to natural chemicals in the herbs. In other words

73. Botany South Puget Sound Community College. . LibraryMedia Center. . botany and Horticulture. herbs. A Modern Herbal. South Puget Sound Community College home page. http://www.library.spscc.ctc.edu/lmc/lmcbot08.htm

South Puget Sound Community College Library-Media Center Botany and Horticulture Herbs A Modern Herbal South Puget Sound Community College home page

74. Native American Herbal, Plant Knowledge of nutritional values, many native plant projects, legal info on marketing herbs. foodsFrom Chris s Mohawk Nation page; Chez Marco s botany PagesWonderful http://www.kstrom.net/isk/food/plants.html

T raditional H P lant K nowledge, I dentifications Page Navigation Buttons- H ERBS FOR T EAS, F LAVORINGS, F OODS Herbs used mostly by Anishinaabeg people; Indian names may be individual to the person describing and furnishing plant specimens. Different names were given to different parts of the plant, and to its different uses in food or medicine sometimes. Botannical names are current international standard. ON-LINE Ethnobotany books Order direct from Amazon.com READ ME FIRST Warnings, spirituality note, reservation business opportunity SWAMP TEA (Laborador Tea Ledum species Muskeegobug ); New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus ovatus, Odigadimanido NATIVE MINTS Namewuskons mountain mint; Bibigwunukuk flute mint; Wabinowusk dawn (eastern) mint NATURALIZED IMMIGRANT MINTS Peppermint, Spearmint, Pennyroyal CLOVER Basibuguk , as a tea, as a veggie WILD ROSES: Oginiminagawunj , hips, haws, leaves, petals ELDER SHRUB Sambucca Canadensis ) flowers, teas, berries WINTERGREEN Winisibugons or Gaultheria procumbens ): tea from leaves, berries, finding in snow Mohawk Plantswoman Katsi Cook on traditional women's uses of berries for nutrition and medicines. Menu links to specific plants info.

75. Ginseng And Herbs General Agriculture Links; Medicinal herbs OnLine; Resources for commercial herb growers; Canada Directory for botany, Economic botany, and Ethnobotany; Vascular http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/crops/hort/ginseng.html

Our search engine interface requires a JavaScript enabled browser. If you cannot enable JavaScript in your browser, then you may use an alternate interface found at the following web address - http://www.search.gov.on.ca:8002/compass?view-template=simple1 Ginseng and Herbs Business and Marketing Conferences and Meetings Crop Updates Environment ... Subscribe to receive notification of new Ginseng and Herb postings. At the subscription site choose "Specialty Crops" Business and Marketing Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance - Farming Operations Budgeting Farm Machinery Costs (Order No. 01-075) Business Analysis and Planning - Business Analyser Cost of Production of 1 Acre of Ginseng in Ontario Developing a Marketing Plan (Order No. 95-079) Evaluating the Feasibility of Business Opportunities (Order No. 95-023) Farm Business Registration Program Farm financial, legal and tax information (Order No. 95-023) Farm Lease Agreement - Crop Share Lease - Tillable Land (Pub. 91)

76. The Fresh Herbs Of Summer botany Hall at Carnegie Museum of Natural History has a display of a typical western Pennsylvania culinary herb garden, featuring 42 herbs, and pointing out http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/1997/julaug/dept4.htm

The Fresh Herbs of Summer By Lynn Parrucci F resh herbs are a key to a good recipe. They can add aroma to food, and this contributes more to a food's appeal than taste, since taste is limited to sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Herbs contain volatile oils which can be used to replace salt as flavor enhancers. But in order for us to smell the aroma, the aromatic molecules need to be in a vapor phase. These oils evaporate readily at normal temperatures and pressures, which is why herbs smell so good when hung in our kitchens or placed in salads. When herbs are warmed, as in sauces or even in our mouths, more molecules are released as vapors, making the sensation stronger and the food more appetizing. For herb lovers, the mint family, or Lamiaceae (or Labiatae), is the most eminent plant family of those with the strongly scented oils. Included among the 5,600 species of Lamiaceae are basil, mint, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, sage and thymeall part of our everyday selection of herbs. The active oil in mint is a remarkable substance called menthol. In On Food and Cooking Harold McGee says menthol raises the threshold temperature at which cold receptors in our skin begin to discharge. So our mouths feel cool, and a cool drink feels cold. This may account for mint's popular use as a complement to iced teas and other fun drinks. In dry herbs, the cell structure is broken down, making it easier to extract more oils, and making them more potent. When cooking with dry herbs, recipes usually call for less. Still, most fresh basil enthusiasts will argue that the aroma of dried basil can never compare to the sweet complexity of fresh leaves which adds subtle hints of anise and mint. Because oils evaporate, over a period of time dry herbs will lose their flavor. Storing them whole rather than ground, and in air-tight containers, will extend their shelf life.

77. Economic And Medicinal Botany Links On FindIT, Norton-Brown Herbarium, Universit guides on vitamins, minerals, herbs, etc. from Austis Nutritional Research Magic Garden Links to culinary and medicinal herb sites Medical botany Syllabus by http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/FindIT/ecmd.html

FindIT Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland Botanical Resources Economic and Medicinal Botany Economic Botany and Ethnobotany Algy's Herb Page Alternative medicine resources Alternative Nature Online Herbal ... American Botanical Council : A site devoted to the use of herbs and phytomedicinals American Herbalist Guild Ayurvedic Foundations BABEL : A multi-Lingual database for the vernacular names of European wild plants Botanical Dermatology Database and family list Centre for Economic Botany : Numerous web links on economic botany from the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew Chinese Herbal Sciences CropSearch Cyberbotanica - Plant Compounds and Chemotherapy Economic Botany Leaflets Economic plants database : U.S.D.A. Handb. 505 (revised) of names of economically important vascular plants The Edible LC The Ethnobiology and Conservation Team Ethnobotanical Resource Directory Ethnobotany : Listing of sites from the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew "Ethnobotany and economic botany of the North American flora" : By C.B. Heiser, Jr., in Flora of North America Ethnobotany and paleoethnobotany : A bibliographic listing by M.A. Pfeiffer

78. PBIO 250 Lecture Notes -- History -- Spring 1998 1652. The English physitian; or an astrologophysical discourse of the vulgar herbs of this nation. London. - JS Pringle. Taxonomic botany and floristics. http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/pb250/hist.html

PBIO 250 Lecture Notes James L. Reveal Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland History of Systematic Botany Folk taxonomies arrangment of objects into general, but hierarchierical categories systems differ widely by culture and requirements significant in agriculture Berlin, B. 1973. Folk systematics in relation to biological classification and nomenclature. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional science. Princeton. The Ancients Greene, E. L. 1983. Landmarks of Botanical History , 2 vols. (edited by F. N. Egerton). Stanford. Henrey, B. 1975. British Botanical and Horticultural Literature before 1800 . 3 vols. London. Hobbs, C. 1996a. An outline of the history of herbalism Botanical taxonomy - a historical summary Reed, H.S. 1942. A short history of the plant sciences . Waltham. Morton, A.G. 1981. History of botanical science: An account of the development of botany from ancient times to the present day. London. agriculture began some 9000 years ago in the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia Assyrian herbal of the 7th century B.C. gives a list of some 700 medicinal and semi-medicinal plants arranged according to use and application - see an early

79. Garden Botany The famous Danish botanist Raunkiaer noted that the traditional classification of plants into trees, shrubs, herbs, and other categories based on habit does http://www.bbg.org/gar2/topics/botany/parts_grouping.html

@import "/common/bbg.css"; @import "/common/filter.css"; Skip navigation Brooklyn Botantic Garden Search for: Visiting Gardening Education Research ... Shop Gardening Gardening Techniques Garden Design Great Plants Gardening for Wildlife ... Garden Botany See Also BBG Handbooks BBG's Online Library of Gardening Information Now at BBG June Is Rose Month Grouping Plants by Form and Function Plants are grouped together according to their form or function in a variety of ways. One of the most obvious takes into account the overall form of the plant. Habit is one way of discussing overall form. Habit Gardeners traditionally have grouped plants into broad categories on the basis of their overall appearance, or habit. The following is a list of the more common habits of plants: Trees : Woody plants with a single or few trunks near the base. Shrubs : Woody plants that branch near the base and therefore have several trunks. Lianas : Woody plants that climb on other plants and use them for support. They may climb via tendrils, hooks, pads, aerial roots, or other mechanisms. Herbs : Non-woody plants. There are several types of herbs, including:

80. Internet Directory For Botany: Economic Botany, Ethnobotany botany Syllabus by James A. Duke; A Modern Herbal by Mrs. M. Grieve. Medicinal, culinary, cosmetic and economic properties, cultivation and folkLore of herbs. http://public.srce.hr/botanic/cisb/Edoc/flora/subject/botecon.html

INTERNET DIRECTORY FOR BOTANY: ECONOMIC BOTANY, ETHNOBOTANY Original location of this page: http://www.helsinki.fi/kmus/botecon.html Information on useful plants (food, medicine, material for textiles, etc.) and harmful plants (plant pathology, poisonous plants, weeds). Not many horticultural links (there are some in a separate file Gardening . Only a only few links on forestry and agriculture (there are comprehensive lists on these topics - some of them are listed under " link collections, resource guides ". Crops Ethnobotany Herbal Medicine Plant Pathology ... Weeds Crops The Advanced Molecular Initiative in Community Agriculture (AMICA), Germany AgNIC (Agricultural Network Information Center) Home Page, USA . AgNIC is a distributed network that provides access to agriculture-related information, subject area experts, and other resources in a manner in which the physical location of the resources is transparent to users. AGNIS (Agricultural And Natural Resources Information Systems) Home Page, USA . Maintained in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The AGRALIN World Wide Web server is a project of the Wageningen Agricultural University Library/Pudoc-DLO, the Netherlands.

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